数字空间联结一直是认知心理学领域研究的热点之一。探索数字空间联结的一个重要指标为空间-数字反应联合编码(spatial-numerical association of response codes, SNARC)效应(左/右手对小/大数反应更快更准确)。以往研究已验证SNARC效...数字空间联结一直是认知心理学领域研究的热点之一。探索数字空间联结的一个重要指标为空间-数字反应联合编码(spatial-numerical association of response codes, SNARC)效应(左/右手对小/大数反应更快更准确)。以往研究已验证SNARC效应的普遍性及其在方向上的灵活性,并提出多种理论解释。此外,SNARC效应在加工阶段上也具有灵活性,其原因可能有:(1)加因素法则的理解偏差;(2)观察的角度单一;(3)观察效标的差异;(4)使用任务的差异。结合以上因素,提出双阶段(数量信息的空间表征、空间表征到反应选择)加工模型,不同的操控因素分别作用于两个阶段可能是引起SNARC效应灵活变化的核心原因。未来研究可从对比任务差异、引入不同干扰因素等方面进一步验证双阶段加工模型,并结合认知神经科学技术揭示数字空间联结灵活性的内在神经机制。展开更多
A signal optimization model for roundabout was control concept were used to eliminate the conflict points proposed based on dual-ring scheme and two stop lines for left turns and weaving sections at a roundabout. A cy...A signal optimization model for roundabout was control concept were used to eliminate the conflict points proposed based on dual-ring scheme and two stop lines for left turns and weaving sections at a roundabout. A cycle length minimization problem was considered to generate optimal signal timings for roundabout, and a set of constraints to ensure feasibility and safety of the resulting optimal signal settings were proposed. Extensive experimental analyses in comparison with signalized intersection reveal that the proposed model is quite promising for application in design of roundabout signals, and the minimum cycle length can decrease from 186 s to 79 s while the capacity increases from 8 682 pcu/h to 9 011 pcu/h under high demand scenario. Sensitivity analysis with respect to the system performance show that the lane assignment plan, number of circulatory lanes and left turn ratio are three critical factors which have dominate impacts on performance of signalized roundabout展开更多
文摘数字空间联结一直是认知心理学领域研究的热点之一。探索数字空间联结的一个重要指标为空间-数字反应联合编码(spatial-numerical association of response codes, SNARC)效应(左/右手对小/大数反应更快更准确)。以往研究已验证SNARC效应的普遍性及其在方向上的灵活性,并提出多种理论解释。此外,SNARC效应在加工阶段上也具有灵活性,其原因可能有:(1)加因素法则的理解偏差;(2)观察的角度单一;(3)观察效标的差异;(4)使用任务的差异。结合以上因素,提出双阶段(数量信息的空间表征、空间表征到反应选择)加工模型,不同的操控因素分别作用于两个阶段可能是引起SNARC效应灵活变化的核心原因。未来研究可从对比任务差异、引入不同干扰因素等方面进一步验证双阶段加工模型,并结合认知神经科学技术揭示数字空间联结灵活性的内在神经机制。
基金Project(51178345) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2011AA110305) supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of ChinaProject supported by the Program for Young Excellent Talents in Tongji University, China
文摘A signal optimization model for roundabout was control concept were used to eliminate the conflict points proposed based on dual-ring scheme and two stop lines for left turns and weaving sections at a roundabout. A cycle length minimization problem was considered to generate optimal signal timings for roundabout, and a set of constraints to ensure feasibility and safety of the resulting optimal signal settings were proposed. Extensive experimental analyses in comparison with signalized intersection reveal that the proposed model is quite promising for application in design of roundabout signals, and the minimum cycle length can decrease from 186 s to 79 s while the capacity increases from 8 682 pcu/h to 9 011 pcu/h under high demand scenario. Sensitivity analysis with respect to the system performance show that the lane assignment plan, number of circulatory lanes and left turn ratio are three critical factors which have dominate impacts on performance of signalized roundabout
