In this paper, we propose a mathe- matical model for long reach Passive Optical Networks （PON） planning. The model consid- ers the traffic demand, user requirements and physical constraints. It can support conven- t...In this paper, we propose a mathe- matical model for long reach Passive Optical Networks （PON） planning. The model consid- ers the traffic demand, user requirements and physical constraints. It can support conven- tional star-like topologies as well as cascade PON networks. Then a two-stage evolutional algorithm is described to solve this problem. The first stage was to find a proper splitter can- didate site set, composing the outer loop. The second stage aimed to get the optimal topology when the splitter locations were selected, com- posing the internal loop. In this algorithm, the Pr/ifer sequence is used to build up a one-to-one correspondence between a PON network configuration and a chromosome. Compared with the results obtained by the enumeration method, the proposed model and algorithm are shown to be effective and accu- rate.展开更多
Catalytic CO oxidation on platinum group metals exhibits nonlinear phenomena such as hysteresis and bifurcation.Elucidation of the nonlinear mechanisms is important for catalyst design and control of reaction routes.P...Catalytic CO oxidation on platinum group metals exhibits nonlinear phenomena such as hysteresis and bifurcation.Elucidation of the nonlinear mechanisms is important for catalyst design and control of reaction routes.Previous studies have offered initial insights into the local bifurcation behavior of CO oxidation.However,since the bifurcation behavior of CO oxidation is determined by multiple parameters such as temperature,total flux,and CO fraction,it is difficult to predict the global bifurcation behavior in the resulting high-dimensional parameter space.It is for this reason that the observed nonlinear phenomena reflect just the local bifurcation features of CO oxidation.In this paper,an elementary chemical law(topological invariance) concerning the bifurcation behavior of CO oxidation on platinum group metals such as Pd(111) is found from a topological perspective.Following the elementary law,we put forward a topological approach to model the critical criteria for the reaction hysteresis and bifurcation.The model may be applied to predict the global bifurcation behavior of CO oxidation in the high-dimensional parameter space.The topological approach and the model results may be useful as a guide in thinking about the complex reaction mechanism,designing reaction routes,and actively controlling the bifurcation behavior of the CO oxidation reaction.展开更多
A flexible supporting structure that reduces seismic response of an arch is proposed. Topology and cross-sectional areas of the supporting structure modeled as a truss structure are optimized through two steps of stat...A flexible supporting structure that reduces seismic response of an arch is proposed. Topology and cross-sectional areas of the supporting structure modeled as a truss structure are optimized through two steps of static and dynamic optimization problems. In the first step, a flexible supporting structure that has diagonal displacement at the top under horizontal load is obtained by solving static optimization problems. Then, in the second step, the cross-sectional area of the flexible member is optimized to minimize the seismic response acceleration of the arch evaluated by the complete quadratic combination(CQC) method. Time-history seismic response analysis is carried out to show that the response in the normal direction of the roof successfully decreases due to flexibility of the supporting structure; in addition, installing passive energy dissipation devices into the flexible supporting structure is very effective in reducing the tangential response of the arch.展开更多
High quality chromium （Cr） doped three-dimensional topological insulator （TI） Sb2Te3 films are grown via molecular beam epitaxy on heat-treated insulating SrTiO3 （111） substrates. We report that the Dirac surfac...High quality chromium （Cr） doped three-dimensional topological insulator （TI） Sb2Te3 films are grown via molecular beam epitaxy on heat-treated insulating SrTiO3 （111） substrates. We report that the Dirac surface states are insensitive to Cr doping, and a perfect robust long-range ferromagnetic order is unveiled in epitaxial Sb2 xCrxTe3 films. The anomalous Hall effect is modulated by applying a bottom gate, contrary to the ferromagnetism in conventional diluted magnetic semiconductors （DMSs）, here the coercivity field is not significantly changed with decreasing cartier density. Carrier-independent ferromag- netism heralds Sbz_xCrxTe3 films as the base candidate TI material to realize the quantum anomalous Hall （QAH） effect. These results also indicate the potential of controlling anomalous Hall voltage in future TI-based magneto-electronics and spintronics.展开更多
基金supported by National High Technology Research and Development Program of China under Grant No.2011AA01A104National 973 Program underGrant No. 2013CB329204National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.61100206
文摘In this paper, we propose a mathe- matical model for long reach Passive Optical Networks （PON） planning. The model consid- ers the traffic demand, user requirements and physical constraints. It can support conven- tional star-like topologies as well as cascade PON networks. Then a two-stage evolutional algorithm is described to solve this problem. The first stage was to find a proper splitter can- didate site set, composing the outer loop. The second stage aimed to get the optimal topology when the splitter locations were selected, com- posing the internal loop. In this algorithm, the Pr/ifer sequence is used to build up a one-to-one correspondence between a PON network configuration and a chromosome. Compared with the results obtained by the enumeration method, the proposed model and algorithm are shown to be effective and accu- rate.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholars (50925625)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50906015)
文摘Catalytic CO oxidation on platinum group metals exhibits nonlinear phenomena such as hysteresis and bifurcation.Elucidation of the nonlinear mechanisms is important for catalyst design and control of reaction routes.Previous studies have offered initial insights into the local bifurcation behavior of CO oxidation.However,since the bifurcation behavior of CO oxidation is determined by multiple parameters such as temperature,total flux,and CO fraction,it is difficult to predict the global bifurcation behavior in the resulting high-dimensional parameter space.It is for this reason that the observed nonlinear phenomena reflect just the local bifurcation features of CO oxidation.In this paper,an elementary chemical law(topological invariance) concerning the bifurcation behavior of CO oxidation on platinum group metals such as Pd(111) is found from a topological perspective.Following the elementary law,we put forward a topological approach to model the critical criteria for the reaction hysteresis and bifurcation.The model may be applied to predict the global bifurcation behavior of CO oxidation in the high-dimensional parameter space.The topological approach and the model results may be useful as a guide in thinking about the complex reaction mechanism,designing reaction routes,and actively controlling the bifurcation behavior of the CO oxidation reaction.
文摘A flexible supporting structure that reduces seismic response of an arch is proposed. Topology and cross-sectional areas of the supporting structure modeled as a truss structure are optimized through two steps of static and dynamic optimization problems. In the first step, a flexible supporting structure that has diagonal displacement at the top under horizontal load is obtained by solving static optimization problems. Then, in the second step, the cross-sectional area of the flexible member is optimized to minimize the seismic response acceleration of the arch evaluated by the complete quadratic combination(CQC) method. Time-history seismic response analysis is carried out to show that the response in the normal direction of the roof successfully decreases due to flexibility of the supporting structure; in addition, installing passive energy dissipation devices into the flexible supporting structure is very effective in reducing the tangential response of the arch.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11174343)the Ministry of Science and Technology of Chinathe Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘High quality chromium （Cr） doped three-dimensional topological insulator （TI） Sb2Te3 films are grown via molecular beam epitaxy on heat-treated insulating SrTiO3 （111） substrates. We report that the Dirac surface states are insensitive to Cr doping, and a perfect robust long-range ferromagnetic order is unveiled in epitaxial Sb2 xCrxTe3 films. The anomalous Hall effect is modulated by applying a bottom gate, contrary to the ferromagnetism in conventional diluted magnetic semiconductors （DMSs）, here the coercivity field is not significantly changed with decreasing cartier density. Carrier-independent ferromag- netism heralds Sbz_xCrxTe3 films as the base candidate TI material to realize the quantum anomalous Hall （QAH） effect. These results also indicate the potential of controlling anomalous Hall voltage in future TI-based magneto-electronics and spintronics.
