Petroleum coke was thermally treated on a fixed bed reactor in a temperature range of 1173-1673 K. The changes of the elemental composition and crystalline structure of petroleum coke, with heat treatments as well as ...Petroleum coke was thermally treated on a fixed bed reactor in a temperature range of 1173-1673 K. The changes of the elemental composition and crystalline structure of petroleum coke, with heat treatments as well as the gasification reactivity of the heat-treated petroleum cokes were investigated. The results showed that the petroleum coke was carbonized and grapbitized to a higher degree with increasing heating temperature, while the gasification reactivity decreased. The treatment at temperatures of 1173 and 1473 K significantly enlarged the specific surface area and the pore volume of petroleum coke. Both the specific surface area and the pore volume decreased at 1673 K. An empirical normal distribution function model （NDFM） was found to fit the gasification rates of petroleum coke well. The correlation coefficient of petroleum coke by normal distribution function model at different heat treatment temperatures is between 0.93 and 0.95.展开更多
The reaction heat effect analysis for the aromatization process of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) was completed in this paper. In order to characterize this complex reaction system, one set of independent reactions was...The reaction heat effect analysis for the aromatization process of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) was completed in this paper. In order to characterize this complex reaction system, one set of independent reactions was determined by means of atomic coefficient matrix method. Based on reaction thermodynamic and stoichiometric knowledge, the heat effect, Gibbs free energy change and equilibrium constant for each independent reaction was calculated for the specified conditions. Under these conditions, based on the initial and final composition data from LPG aromatization experiments, the actual extent of reaction for each independent reaction was determined. Furthermore, the global reaction heat and adiabatic temperature rise of LPG aromatization reaction system could be estimated. This work would provide a theoretical guidance for the design and scale-up of reactor for LPG aromatization process, as well as for the selection of proper operating conditions.展开更多
Analyzing the formation and sediment characteristics of gentle slope, the authors elaborate formation mechanism of organic reef and characteristics of reservoir in gentle slope of rift basin. Using the forward model o...Analyzing the formation and sediment characteristics of gentle slope, the authors elaborate formation mechanism of organic reef and characteristics of reservoir in gentle slope of rift basin. Using the forward model of seismic exploration, the study provides the objective judgment for the exploration of organic reef reservoir in gentle slope of rift basin.展开更多
A new silica sol binder was obtained by mixing the acid-modified aluminium sulfate and water glass. The effect of SiO2 concentration in sodium silicate, pH value and polymerization was investigated. The new silica sol...A new silica sol binder was obtained by mixing the acid-modified aluminium sulfate and water glass. The effect of SiO2 concentration in sodium silicate, pH value and polymerization was investigated. The new silica sol binder, which possessed abundant pore volume and suitable acid amount, was an ideal component for preparing cracking catalyst. As a result, the corresponding catalyst comprising the new binder showed excellent performance. Compared with the reference sample, the liquefied petroleum gas(LPG) and propylene yield obtained over this catalyst increased by 3.49 and 1.20 percentage points, respectively. The perfect pore structure and suitable Lewis acid amount of new silica sol were the possible reason leading to its outstanding performance.展开更多
In this paper, gasification was utilized in order to produce syngas from crude glycerol and palm shell waste which are by-product of biodiesel production. Experiments were carried out in a fluidized bed quartz reactor...In this paper, gasification was utilized in order to produce syngas from crude glycerol and palm shell waste which are by-product of biodiesel production. Experiments were carried out in a fluidized bed quartz reactor using alumina ball with 1 mm diameter as fluidizing medium with equivalent ration of 0.05 with raw materials （mixed crude glycerol and palm shell wastes） at 10 g/min feed rate under 700℃ and 900℃. Glycerol and palm shell powder were fed separately to gasifier at different weight ratio varied from 100：0, 70：30, 50：50, 30：70, 0：100. Decomposition of crude glycerol resulted in much less char when compared with other biomass. From the results, it could be found that combustible gas productions increased with the increasing of crude glycerol fraction and temperature; syngas production was highest at 900℃with only glycerol in feed; gas production rate yields under optimum condition were 4.29% CO2, 8.70% CO, 10.48% H2, and 8.24% CH4 L/min; LHV and H2/CO at optimum condition were 4.87 MJ/m^3 and 1.20, respectively, which were sufficient for power utilization. Obtained H2/CO ratio also indicated that syngas from gasification of crude glycerol and palm shell waste should be suitable for further conversion to methanol and other chemical reagents, and thus closing the chemical recovery cycle of biodiesel production process to ensure the sustainahility status for the use of biodiesel as a prominent renewable energy source.展开更多
Since the constant increase in petroleum price, use of glycerol waste, which is a byproduct from biodiesel production, as a partial replacement for fossil fuels via thermochemical conversion waste to energy processes ...Since the constant increase in petroleum price, use of glycerol waste, which is a byproduct from biodiesel production, as a partial replacement for fossil fuels via thermochemical conversion waste to energy processes is more practical. Gasification reaction has attracted a lot of interest by producing syngas rich in CO and H2. This syngas can be converted to clean liquid fuels, such as methanol and Fischer-Tropsch oil. Nickel and Cobalt catalyst was widely used in steam reforming reaction. ethanol etc. The aim of this work is to prepare and characterize 5.0 and 10.0%wt of Ni and Co catalysts using the impregnation method on various supporters, such as alumina and titanium oxide （TiO2） and to evaluate their catalytic performance. The specific surface area of developed catalysts was measured. X-ray diffraction （XRD） was applied to determine phase and crystallized size of the catalysts. Examination of the morphology. elemental composition and distribution of metal on the catalysts support were carried out using scanning electron microscopy （SEMi and energy dispersion spectroscopy （EDS） and x-ray mapping. The catalytic performance of prepared catalysts was test at 700 and 900℃ temperature of reaction. 1.87% O2. The result showed that the synthesized nickel and cobalt catalysts via impregnation method using Al2O3 and TiO2 as the catalyst support were suitable for glycerol conversion.展开更多
文摘Petroleum coke was thermally treated on a fixed bed reactor in a temperature range of 1173-1673 K. The changes of the elemental composition and crystalline structure of petroleum coke, with heat treatments as well as the gasification reactivity of the heat-treated petroleum cokes were investigated. The results showed that the petroleum coke was carbonized and grapbitized to a higher degree with increasing heating temperature, while the gasification reactivity decreased. The treatment at temperatures of 1173 and 1473 K significantly enlarged the specific surface area and the pore volume of petroleum coke. Both the specific surface area and the pore volume decreased at 1673 K. An empirical normal distribution function model （NDFM） was found to fit the gasification rates of petroleum coke well. The correlation coefficient of petroleum coke by normal distribution function model at different heat treatment temperatures is between 0.93 and 0.95.
文摘The reaction heat effect analysis for the aromatization process of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) was completed in this paper. In order to characterize this complex reaction system, one set of independent reactions was determined by means of atomic coefficient matrix method. Based on reaction thermodynamic and stoichiometric knowledge, the heat effect, Gibbs free energy change and equilibrium constant for each independent reaction was calculated for the specified conditions. Under these conditions, based on the initial and final composition data from LPG aromatization experiments, the actual extent of reaction for each independent reaction was determined. Furthermore, the global reaction heat and adiabatic temperature rise of LPG aromatization reaction system could be estimated. This work would provide a theoretical guidance for the design and scale-up of reactor for LPG aromatization process, as well as for the selection of proper operating conditions.
文摘Analyzing the formation and sediment characteristics of gentle slope, the authors elaborate formation mechanism of organic reef and characteristics of reservoir in gentle slope of rift basin. Using the forward model of seismic exploration, the study provides the objective judgment for the exploration of organic reef reservoir in gentle slope of rift basin.
基金the Department of Science and Technology Management of PetroChina for providing financial support
文摘A new silica sol binder was obtained by mixing the acid-modified aluminium sulfate and water glass. The effect of SiO2 concentration in sodium silicate, pH value and polymerization was investigated. The new silica sol binder, which possessed abundant pore volume and suitable acid amount, was an ideal component for preparing cracking catalyst. As a result, the corresponding catalyst comprising the new binder showed excellent performance. Compared with the reference sample, the liquefied petroleum gas(LPG) and propylene yield obtained over this catalyst increased by 3.49 and 1.20 percentage points, respectively. The perfect pore structure and suitable Lewis acid amount of new silica sol were the possible reason leading to its outstanding performance.
文摘In this paper, gasification was utilized in order to produce syngas from crude glycerol and palm shell waste which are by-product of biodiesel production. Experiments were carried out in a fluidized bed quartz reactor using alumina ball with 1 mm diameter as fluidizing medium with equivalent ration of 0.05 with raw materials （mixed crude glycerol and palm shell wastes） at 10 g/min feed rate under 700℃ and 900℃. Glycerol and palm shell powder were fed separately to gasifier at different weight ratio varied from 100：0, 70：30, 50：50, 30：70, 0：100. Decomposition of crude glycerol resulted in much less char when compared with other biomass. From the results, it could be found that combustible gas productions increased with the increasing of crude glycerol fraction and temperature; syngas production was highest at 900℃with only glycerol in feed; gas production rate yields under optimum condition were 4.29% CO2, 8.70% CO, 10.48% H2, and 8.24% CH4 L/min; LHV and H2/CO at optimum condition were 4.87 MJ/m^3 and 1.20, respectively, which were sufficient for power utilization. Obtained H2/CO ratio also indicated that syngas from gasification of crude glycerol and palm shell waste should be suitable for further conversion to methanol and other chemical reagents, and thus closing the chemical recovery cycle of biodiesel production process to ensure the sustainahility status for the use of biodiesel as a prominent renewable energy source.
文摘Since the constant increase in petroleum price, use of glycerol waste, which is a byproduct from biodiesel production, as a partial replacement for fossil fuels via thermochemical conversion waste to energy processes is more practical. Gasification reaction has attracted a lot of interest by producing syngas rich in CO and H2. This syngas can be converted to clean liquid fuels, such as methanol and Fischer-Tropsch oil. Nickel and Cobalt catalyst was widely used in steam reforming reaction. ethanol etc. The aim of this work is to prepare and characterize 5.0 and 10.0%wt of Ni and Co catalysts using the impregnation method on various supporters, such as alumina and titanium oxide （TiO2） and to evaluate their catalytic performance. The specific surface area of developed catalysts was measured. X-ray diffraction （XRD） was applied to determine phase and crystallized size of the catalysts. Examination of the morphology. elemental composition and distribution of metal on the catalysts support were carried out using scanning electron microscopy （SEMi and energy dispersion spectroscopy （EDS） and x-ray mapping. The catalytic performance of prepared catalysts was test at 700 and 900℃ temperature of reaction. 1.87% O2. The result showed that the synthesized nickel and cobalt catalysts via impregnation method using Al2O3 and TiO2 as the catalyst support were suitable for glycerol conversion.
