This is an empirical paper that measures and interprets the position of Chinese cities in the world city network in 2010. Building on a specification of the world city network as a′interlocking network′in which busi...This is an empirical paper that measures and interprets the position of Chinese cities in the world city network in 2010. Building on a specification of the world city network as a′interlocking network′in which business services firms play the crucial role in city network formation, information is gathered about the presence of global service firms in cities. This information is converted into data to provide the′service value′of a city for a firm′s provision of corporate services in a 526(cities)×175(firms) matrix. These data are then used as the input to the interlocking network model in order to measure cities′connectivity and its predominant geographical orientation. Here we focus on the position of some key Chinese cities in this regard, and discuss and interpret results in the context of the urban dimensions of the′opening up′of the Chinese economy.展开更多
The increasing globalization of the Chinese economy has been enabled by both Chinese financial institutions operating globally as well as international firms operating within China. In geographical terms, this has bee...The increasing globalization of the Chinese economy has been enabled by both Chinese financial institutions operating globally as well as international firms operating within China. In geographical terms, this has been organized through a number of strategic cities serving as gateways for the exchange of financial functions, products and practices between China and the global economy. Drawing on location data of financial service firms in China listed on stock exchanges in Shenzhen, Shanghai and Hong Kong, this paper shows that Chinese financial firms are expanding globally and how Chinese financial centers are positioned and connected in the urban networks shaped by these financial service firms. It is found that Hong Kong, China, holds strategic positions in the integration of Chinese cities into global financial center networks, and that establishing a foothold in global financial centers such as New York and London has been a priority for Chinese financial institutions. The increasing capital flows directed by Chinese financial institutionssuggests a shifting global financial geography, with numerous Chinese cities playing increasingly important roles within global financial center networks.展开更多
Against the backdrop of the sizable economic growth of China in recent years, this paper uses the most recent data gathering of the Globalization and World Cities(Ga WC) research network to update and supplement earli...Against the backdrop of the sizable economic growth of China in recent years, this paper uses the most recent data gathering of the Globalization and World Cities(Ga WC) research network to update and supplement earlier research on the shifting global connectivity of Chinese cities. The update consists of an evaluation of the connectivity of Chinese cities in 2016, the supplement of an analysis of the changing position of Chinese cities in the world city network between 2010 and 2016. To this end, we build on a specification of the world city network as an ‘interlocking network' in which producer services firms play the crucial role in city network formation. Information about the presence of leading producer services firms in cities in 2010 and 2016 is used as the input to a bipartite network projection algorithm in order to measure cities' network connectivity. The first set of results discusses the geographies of urban connectivity in the world city network in 2016. The second set of results discusses standardized measures of change to reveal the major dimensions of the transformations between 2010 and 2016. We find that, with the exception of Hong Kong, Macao and Kaohsiung of Taiwan, all Chinese cities record connectivity gains. This wholesale rise in connectivity is nonetheless geographically uneven, with above all Beijing, Chengdu/Chongqing and Changsha/Wuhan becoming more connected. We conclude that the wholesale rise of Chinese cities in the world city network and their changing trajectories in the post-crisis era are embedded in shifting external and internal political economies.展开更多
Some transactional governmental services are now offered to citizens world-wide by means of the internet. Principally, these transactions consist of applications for birth certificates, tax payments, payments of fines...Some transactional governmental services are now offered to citizens world-wide by means of the internet. Principally, these transactions consist of applications for birth certificates, tax payments, payments of fines, however, very rarely, or never can someone incorporate a business by means of e-government services. Rare also, are cases in which the consequences of business incorporation can be evaluated through the internet--for example employment creation or the attraction of investments. With respect to business incorporation the internet portal of the government of the state of Puebla is of no help, since it must be done in person in every case.展开更多
It is important to understand the pathogenesis of asthma induced by natural allergens, which could exclude the interference of artificial adjuvant and provide insights of natural immune response in the disease. In the...It is important to understand the pathogenesis of asthma induced by natural allergens, which could exclude the interference of artificial adjuvant and provide insights of natural immune response in the disease. In the present study, we show that Trichosanthin （TCS） could induce airway inflammation even without the help of alum. Furthermore, TCS appeared capable of replacing alum to promote OVA-specific airway inflammation. TCS induced accumulation of IL-4-producing eosinophils in peritoneum at an early stage and the adjuvant function of TCS was eliminated by blockage of IL-4 at this stage. Finally, the eosinophils triggered by TCS from WT mice, but not from IL-4- deficient mice were shown to function as adjuvant for the induction of OVA-specific Th2 responses. Our data indicate that TCS is not only an allergen, but also a Th2-typc adjuvant modulating the switching of immune responses to a Th2 pathway. This chain of events results from IL-4 production by eosinophils at an early stage of TCS-priming. In conclusion, TCS may be useful as a Th2 adjuvant, and innate immune cells, such as eosinophils, may be a good target to study the initiation of Th2 response.展开更多
With the continuous growth of civil aviation passenger traffic, airlines and airports must constantly improve the level of operation and management, in order to meet the high quality and the high level of passenger de...With the continuous growth of civil aviation passenger traffic, airlines and airports must constantly improve the level of operation and management, in order to meet the high quality and the high level of passenger demand for personalized service. This paper puts forward that the airport passenger personalized service system in the era of big data, which can achieve high precision indoor and outdoor positioning seamless switch through using the integration of GPS and Beacon technology. Personalized service client for mobile intelligent terminal was developed to provide more convenient, efficient, dynamic and personalized airport information service for airport passenger.展开更多
Financial shared services （FSS） play an important role in multinational corporations for the effective cost management. FSS also can reduce errors and fraud so as to achieve perfect internal controls by standardized...Financial shared services （FSS） play an important role in multinational corporations for the effective cost management. FSS also can reduce errors and fraud so as to achieve perfect internal controls by standardized and procedural business processes which are important parts of internal controls. This paper emphasizes on two popular procedures and methods in multinational corporations. One is balance sheet reconciliation. It can illustrate the situation of accounts on an accrual basis which are the focus of internal audit and external audit. The other is Interco-Sop （Intercompany-standard operating procedure） which are important for to ensure the accuracy and effectiveness of accounting system and internal controls.展开更多
We studied monthly seasonality in the top 50 Australian stocks across different industry sectors. Unlike other Australian studies, we examined monthly seasonality using stock return data of individual companies for th...We studied monthly seasonality in the top 50 Australian stocks across different industry sectors. Unlike other Australian studies, we examined monthly seasonality using stock return data of individual companies for the period of January 1980 through to August 2010. We found that stock returns of over half of the 50 companies are significantly positive in April and December, and most companies have low stock returns in October. Seven companies have higher returns in April than in other months of the year, most of which are banking and financial services companies, while six companies have lower returns in February than in other months. Although Australia has a July-June taxation cycle, we found that only three stocks have a July anomaly. The findings are inconsistent with the tax-loss selling hypothesis and other studies on the Australian equity markets （e.g., Brown, Keim, Kleidon, ＆ Marsh, 1983; Brailsford ＆ Easton, 1991）. However, our findings are generally consistent with Bonin and Moses （1974） on individual stock seasonality展开更多
Equipped with millions of sensors and smart meters in smart gird,a reliable and resilient wireless communication technology is badly needed.Mobile networks are among the major energy communication networks which contr...Equipped with millions of sensors and smart meters in smart gird,a reliable and resilient wireless communication technology is badly needed.Mobile networks are among the major energy communication networks which contribute to global energy consumption increase rapidly.As one of core technologies of smart grid employing mobile networks,Demand Response(DR) helps improving efficiency,reliability and security for electric power grid infrastructure.Security of DR events is one of the most important issues in DR.However,the security requirements of different DR events are dynamic for variousactual demands.To address this,an event-oriented dynamic security service mechanism is proposed for DR.Three kinds of security services including security access service,security communication service and security analysis service for DR event are composited dynamically by the fine-grained sub services.An experiment prototype of the network of State Grid Corporation of China(SGCC) is established.Experiment and evaluations shows the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed scheme in smart grid employing mobile network.展开更多
This article investigates the relationship between fees for audit and non-audit services with Tobin＇s Q. Using a sample of Brazilian public companies in the period from 2009 to 2011, we estimate the association betwe...This article investigates the relationship between fees for audit and non-audit services with Tobin＇s Q. Using a sample of Brazilian public companies in the period from 2009 to 2011, we estimate the association between Tobin＇s Q and the auditors＇ remuneration scaled by total assets. Additionally, to strengthen the conclusions, we present a second model with the remuneration of the auditors in absolute terms. The results suggest a significant relationship between Tobin＇s Q and audit and non-audit fees, positive and negative, respectively. Specifically, increases in audit fees and non-audit fees respectively increase and decrease the Tobin＇s Q of the audited company. The results of this study have important implications for those interested in good corporate governance practices. Managers and board members concerned with value carefully evaluate the remuneration and nature of services creation, when engaging independent auditors, should provided.展开更多
As extrinsic rewards become very limited under organizational retrenchments, organizations should rely heavily on other types of rewards, such as intrinsic rewards, to improve the performance of those employees who ha...As extrinsic rewards become very limited under organizational retrenchments, organizations should rely heavily on other types of rewards, such as intrinsic rewards, to improve the performance of those employees who have been overwhelmed with a perception of job insecurity. This paper examines the impact of such perception, along with many other positive influencers such as enhancement in job features, recognition, and the personal values of those employees on the organizational involvement. The data analyzed were based on a sample of 34 employee respondents from a project based engineering and service company （identified as ABC Company in this paper） operating in the Middle East. The adopted research approach is basically a quantitative approach. The correlation and regression analysis tools have been used to explore this relationship. The results of this study suggest a generally unnoticed and disregarded resource that has the prime effect on improving and enhancing the organizational involvement, which is the recognition those employees receive from the management. This research suggests that recognition, as the top influencer, has a strong impact on organizational involvement/psychological attachment for the employees. The other factors that have proved to have the second degree influence on organizational involvement are enhancement in job features, increase in the job security level, and personal values.展开更多
By combining the abilities to respond directly to customer requests and to provide the customer with a highly interactive, customized experience, companies have a greater ability today to establish nurture and sustain...By combining the abilities to respond directly to customer requests and to provide the customer with a highly interactive, customized experience, companies have a greater ability today to establish nurture and sustain long-term customer relationships than ever before. The ultimate goal is to transform these relationships into greater profitability by increasing repeat purchase rates and reducing customer acquisition costs. Customer relationship management （CRM） has a significant potential to leverage an organization＇s performance, but it does not come without a clear sense of destination and typically without pain. For the research methodology we use the database of customers of a Romanian accounting services company Vulpoi ＆ Toader Management SRL, which is an important player in this market. The goal of our paper is to find out the link between knowledge management （KM） and CRM for this company and how these ＂innovations＂ contribute to increasing the value of the business.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of European Research Council under the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme(No.PIOF-GA-2010-274027)Key Laboratory of Ecology and Energy-saving of Dense Habitat(Tongji University),Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China
文摘This is an empirical paper that measures and interprets the position of Chinese cities in the world city network in 2010. Building on a specification of the world city network as a′interlocking network′in which business services firms play the crucial role in city network formation, information is gathered about the presence of global service firms in cities. This information is converted into data to provide the′service value′of a city for a firm′s provision of corporate services in a 526(cities)×175(firms) matrix. These data are then used as the input to the interlocking network model in order to measure cities′connectivity and its predominant geographical orientation. Here we focus on the position of some key Chinese cities in this regard, and discuss and interpret results in the context of the urban dimensions of the′opening up′of the Chinese economy.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41201107)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2015KJJCB30)
文摘The increasing globalization of the Chinese economy has been enabled by both Chinese financial institutions operating globally as well as international firms operating within China. In geographical terms, this has been organized through a number of strategic cities serving as gateways for the exchange of financial functions, products and practices between China and the global economy. Drawing on location data of financial service firms in China listed on stock exchanges in Shenzhen, Shanghai and Hong Kong, this paper shows that Chinese financial firms are expanding globally and how Chinese financial centers are positioned and connected in the urban networks shaped by these financial service firms. It is found that Hong Kong, China, holds strategic positions in the integration of Chinese cities into global financial center networks, and that establishing a foothold in global financial centers such as New York and London has been a priority for Chinese financial institutions. The increasing capital flows directed by Chinese financial institutionssuggests a shifting global financial geography, with numerous Chinese cities playing increasingly important roles within global financial center networks.
文摘Against the backdrop of the sizable economic growth of China in recent years, this paper uses the most recent data gathering of the Globalization and World Cities(Ga WC) research network to update and supplement earlier research on the shifting global connectivity of Chinese cities. The update consists of an evaluation of the connectivity of Chinese cities in 2016, the supplement of an analysis of the changing position of Chinese cities in the world city network between 2010 and 2016. To this end, we build on a specification of the world city network as an ‘interlocking network' in which producer services firms play the crucial role in city network formation. Information about the presence of leading producer services firms in cities in 2010 and 2016 is used as the input to a bipartite network projection algorithm in order to measure cities' network connectivity. The first set of results discusses the geographies of urban connectivity in the world city network in 2016. The second set of results discusses standardized measures of change to reveal the major dimensions of the transformations between 2010 and 2016. We find that, with the exception of Hong Kong, Macao and Kaohsiung of Taiwan, all Chinese cities record connectivity gains. This wholesale rise in connectivity is nonetheless geographically uneven, with above all Beijing, Chengdu/Chongqing and Changsha/Wuhan becoming more connected. We conclude that the wholesale rise of Chinese cities in the world city network and their changing trajectories in the post-crisis era are embedded in shifting external and internal political economies.
文摘Some transactional governmental services are now offered to citizens world-wide by means of the internet. Principally, these transactions consist of applications for birth certificates, tax payments, payments of fines, however, very rarely, or never can someone incorporate a business by means of e-government services. Rare also, are cases in which the consequences of business incorporation can be evaluated through the internet--for example employment creation or the attraction of investments. With respect to business incorporation the internet portal of the government of the state of Puebla is of no help, since it must be done in person in every case.
基金Acknowledgments We thank ProfYongjun Liu, Dangsheng Li and Yangxin Fu for helpful comments and Dr Sheri Skinner for reviewing the manuscript and for constructive suggestions. This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30530700, 30623003, 30600568, 30721065, 90713044, 30600308, 30801011, 30870126） and CAS project （KSCX1-YW-R-43）, grant from SIBS project （2007KIP301）, grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology （2006CB504300, 2007CB512404, 2006AA02A247, 20072714）, the Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality （88014199, 07DZ22916, 07XD14033, 064319034, 08431903004, 2008ZX10206, 08DZ2291703）, EU project （FP6-2005-SSP-5-B, SP5B-CT-2006-044161） and from the E-institutes of Shanghai Universities Immunology Division.
文摘It is important to understand the pathogenesis of asthma induced by natural allergens, which could exclude the interference of artificial adjuvant and provide insights of natural immune response in the disease. In the present study, we show that Trichosanthin （TCS） could induce airway inflammation even without the help of alum. Furthermore, TCS appeared capable of replacing alum to promote OVA-specific airway inflammation. TCS induced accumulation of IL-4-producing eosinophils in peritoneum at an early stage and the adjuvant function of TCS was eliminated by blockage of IL-4 at this stage. Finally, the eosinophils triggered by TCS from WT mice, but not from IL-4- deficient mice were shown to function as adjuvant for the induction of OVA-specific Th2 responses. Our data indicate that TCS is not only an allergen, but also a Th2-typc adjuvant modulating the switching of immune responses to a Th2 pathway. This chain of events results from IL-4 production by eosinophils at an early stage of TCS-priming. In conclusion, TCS may be useful as a Th2 adjuvant, and innate immune cells, such as eosinophils, may be a good target to study the initiation of Th2 response.
文摘With the continuous growth of civil aviation passenger traffic, airlines and airports must constantly improve the level of operation and management, in order to meet the high quality and the high level of passenger demand for personalized service. This paper puts forward that the airport passenger personalized service system in the era of big data, which can achieve high precision indoor and outdoor positioning seamless switch through using the integration of GPS and Beacon technology. Personalized service client for mobile intelligent terminal was developed to provide more convenient, efficient, dynamic and personalized airport information service for airport passenger.
文摘Financial shared services （FSS） play an important role in multinational corporations for the effective cost management. FSS also can reduce errors and fraud so as to achieve perfect internal controls by standardized and procedural business processes which are important parts of internal controls. This paper emphasizes on two popular procedures and methods in multinational corporations. One is balance sheet reconciliation. It can illustrate the situation of accounts on an accrual basis which are the focus of internal audit and external audit. The other is Interco-Sop （Intercompany-standard operating procedure） which are important for to ensure the accuracy and effectiveness of accounting system and internal controls.
文摘We studied monthly seasonality in the top 50 Australian stocks across different industry sectors. Unlike other Australian studies, we examined monthly seasonality using stock return data of individual companies for the period of January 1980 through to August 2010. We found that stock returns of over half of the 50 companies are significantly positive in April and December, and most companies have low stock returns in October. Seven companies have higher returns in April than in other months of the year, most of which are banking and financial services companies, while six companies have lower returns in February than in other months. Although Australia has a July-June taxation cycle, we found that only three stocks have a July anomaly. The findings are inconsistent with the tax-loss selling hypothesis and other studies on the Australian equity markets （e.g., Brown, Keim, Kleidon, ＆ Marsh, 1983; Brailsford ＆ Easton, 1991）. However, our findings are generally consistent with Bonin and Moses （1974） on individual stock seasonality
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No. 61401273 and 61431008)Doctoral Scientific Fund Project of the Ministry of Education of China(No.20130073130006)JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 15K15976,26730056,JSPS A3 Foresight Program
文摘Equipped with millions of sensors and smart meters in smart gird,a reliable and resilient wireless communication technology is badly needed.Mobile networks are among the major energy communication networks which contribute to global energy consumption increase rapidly.As one of core technologies of smart grid employing mobile networks,Demand Response(DR) helps improving efficiency,reliability and security for electric power grid infrastructure.Security of DR events is one of the most important issues in DR.However,the security requirements of different DR events are dynamic for variousactual demands.To address this,an event-oriented dynamic security service mechanism is proposed for DR.Three kinds of security services including security access service,security communication service and security analysis service for DR event are composited dynamically by the fine-grained sub services.An experiment prototype of the network of State Grid Corporation of China(SGCC) is established.Experiment and evaluations shows the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed scheme in smart grid employing mobile network.
文摘This article investigates the relationship between fees for audit and non-audit services with Tobin＇s Q. Using a sample of Brazilian public companies in the period from 2009 to 2011, we estimate the association between Tobin＇s Q and the auditors＇ remuneration scaled by total assets. Additionally, to strengthen the conclusions, we present a second model with the remuneration of the auditors in absolute terms. The results suggest a significant relationship between Tobin＇s Q and audit and non-audit fees, positive and negative, respectively. Specifically, increases in audit fees and non-audit fees respectively increase and decrease the Tobin＇s Q of the audited company. The results of this study have important implications for those interested in good corporate governance practices. Managers and board members concerned with value carefully evaluate the remuneration and nature of services creation, when engaging independent auditors, should provided.
文摘As extrinsic rewards become very limited under organizational retrenchments, organizations should rely heavily on other types of rewards, such as intrinsic rewards, to improve the performance of those employees who have been overwhelmed with a perception of job insecurity. This paper examines the impact of such perception, along with many other positive influencers such as enhancement in job features, recognition, and the personal values of those employees on the organizational involvement. The data analyzed were based on a sample of 34 employee respondents from a project based engineering and service company （identified as ABC Company in this paper） operating in the Middle East. The adopted research approach is basically a quantitative approach. The correlation and regression analysis tools have been used to explore this relationship. The results of this study suggest a generally unnoticed and disregarded resource that has the prime effect on improving and enhancing the organizational involvement, which is the recognition those employees receive from the management. This research suggests that recognition, as the top influencer, has a strong impact on organizational involvement/psychological attachment for the employees. The other factors that have proved to have the second degree influence on organizational involvement are enhancement in job features, increase in the job security level, and personal values.
文摘By combining the abilities to respond directly to customer requests and to provide the customer with a highly interactive, customized experience, companies have a greater ability today to establish nurture and sustain long-term customer relationships than ever before. The ultimate goal is to transform these relationships into greater profitability by increasing repeat purchase rates and reducing customer acquisition costs. Customer relationship management （CRM） has a significant potential to leverage an organization＇s performance, but it does not come without a clear sense of destination and typically without pain. For the research methodology we use the database of customers of a Romanian accounting services company Vulpoi ＆ Toader Management SRL, which is an important player in this market. The goal of our paper is to find out the link between knowledge management （KM） and CRM for this company and how these ＂innovations＂ contribute to increasing the value of the business.
