通过对松嫩平原玉米田土壤CO2排放的连续观测,研究连作玉米田土壤CO2排放规律及与土壤温度、土壤水分的关系,并计算玉米田土壤碳平衡特征。结果表明,玉米田土壤CO2排放通量呈现明显季节性,6~8月土壤CO2排放量较大,而在4和11月维持较低...通过对松嫩平原玉米田土壤CO2排放的连续观测,研究连作玉米田土壤CO2排放规律及与土壤温度、土壤水分的关系,并计算玉米田土壤碳平衡特征。结果表明,玉米田土壤CO2排放通量呈现明显季节性,6~8月土壤CO2排放量较大,而在4和11月维持较低水平。秸秆还田处理（MTS）土壤CO2排放通量、最大通量和平均通量高于翻耕处理（CT）。土壤CO2排放通量与地温呈显著正相关,指数方程表征二者关系效果最佳,线性方程效果最低,除个别情况,深层土壤拟合效果高于浅层土壤;MTS处理的土壤CO2排放通量与土壤温度相关性高于CT处理。土壤CO2排放通量与12 cm深度土壤水分相关性不显著。通过对秸秆、根茬还田碳与土壤CO2排放碳的测算,MTS处理秸秆还田碳量较CO2排放碳量平均每年多2 744.6 kg C·hm-2,呈碳汇效应;CT处理秸秆还田碳量较CO2排放碳量平均每年少810.4 kg C·hm-2,呈碳源效应。展开更多
Based on historical data and field investigation, some major fluxes and reserves of carbon were estimated, and a tentative analysis of the soil carbon balance was made in a native grassland community in the Xilin Rive...Based on historical data and field investigation, some major fluxes and reserves of carbon were estimated, and a tentative analysis of the soil carbon balance was made in a native grassland community in the Xilin River basin of Inner Mongolia. Major results were reported as follows: 1) Annual average carbon input from above-ground biomass production was 79.8 g C(.)m(-2.)a(-1), and from root biomass to 30 cm. depth averaged 311.9 g C(.)m(-2.)a(-1). The summed mean annual carbon input of shoot and root materials in the study site was approximately 391.7 g C(.)m(-2.)a(-1). 2) The annual amount of above-ground biomass consumed by insects averaged 14.7 g C(.)m(-2.)a(-1), and the carbon output by leaching or light-chemical oxidation was 3.2 g C(.)m(-2.)a(-1) The annual evolution rate of CO2 from net soil respiration averaged 346.9 g C(.)m(-2.)a(-1), and the summed mean annual output was approximately 364.8 g C(.)m(-2.)a(-1). 3) A mature, steady-state system could be assumed for the community for which growth and decay were approximately in balance, with a net carbon accumulation of about 26.9 g C(.)m(-2.)a(-1). Based on the soil organic carbon density of the field, the turnover Irate of soil carbon in 0 - 30 cm depth was calculated to be 6.2%, with a turnover time of 16 years.展开更多
Precipitation(PPT)changes affect both aboveground vegetation dynamics and belowground carbon cycling processes,particularly in arid and semiarid regions.However,it remains unclear how extreme PPT variation can affect ...Precipitation(PPT)changes affect both aboveground vegetation dynamics and belowground carbon cycling processes,particularly in arid and semiarid regions.However,it remains unclear how extreme PPT variation can affect soil carbon sequestration potential.A 3-year PPT manipulation experiment with five levels(±40%,±20%and ambient PPT)was conducted in a desert grassland of western Loess Plateau.Aboveground net primary productivity(ANPP)and soil respiration(Rs)were measured to examine whether the responses of ANPP and Rs to PPT changes displayed a double asymmetry model.The ANPP was more sensitive to extreme drought than extreme wet treatments in wet and dry years,which displayed a negative asymmetric model.The change in ANPP was mainly due to the direct effect of PPT change,and plant density variation also exerted some influence in the dry year.In contrast,Rs displayed a positive asymmetry response to PPT change in dry year.This may be ascribed to enhanced autotrophic respiration due to the enhanced positive responses of plant growth and ANPP to wet treatments as well as stronger birch effect of rainfall events on heterotrophic respiration.The saturating response of Rs to extreme drought(−40%PPT treatment)was also found in the dry year.Nevertheless,the response of Rs to PPT change displayed a negative asymmetry model in wet years.The contrasting models for ANPP and Rs in response to altered PPT regime suggest that extreme wet or dry treatments may increase soil C pools effluxes toward debt in this desert grassland.展开更多
Improving management of soil organic carbon(SOC)has been considered as a substantial mitigation strategy to climate change.Management such as stubble retention(SR),conservation tillage(ZT),and fertilization are recomm...Improving management of soil organic carbon(SOC)has been considered as a substantial mitigation strategy to climate change.Management such as stubble retention(SR),conservation tillage(ZT),and fertilization are recommended for both promoting production and accumulating SOC.However,whether such management practices can cause net increase in SOC or just a slow-down of SOC decline largely depends on the current status of SOC for a given region.This paper synthesized the available SOC data in the croplands of China,and analysed the change of SOC in the top 20 cm soil as a result of management change.The results showed that,on average,SOC increased by 18.3%through SR,by 9.1%through ZT,and by 12.4%,36.9%and 41.5%through application of inorganic(IF),organic(OF)and combined inorganic and organic fertilizers(IOF),respectively,compared to those under stubble removal,conventional tillage and no fertilization.Under SR,ZT,IF,OF and IOF,SOC increased by 16.0%,10.2%,8.2%,32.2%and41.3%,respectively,at the end of the trials compared with the initial values at the start of the trials.Our analysis also showed that in Northeast and Northwest China,SOC in agricultural soils is still decreasing due to cultivation.In North and South China,however,SOC appears to have reached a new equilibrium of low SOC state after a long cultivation history,and soils have greater potential to sequester C.Our analysis highlights the need of taking account of the baseline status to assess the net soil C balance over time and space.展开更多
文摘通过对松嫩平原玉米田土壤CO2排放的连续观测,研究连作玉米田土壤CO2排放规律及与土壤温度、土壤水分的关系,并计算玉米田土壤碳平衡特征。结果表明,玉米田土壤CO2排放通量呈现明显季节性,6~8月土壤CO2排放量较大,而在4和11月维持较低水平。秸秆还田处理（MTS）土壤CO2排放通量、最大通量和平均通量高于翻耕处理（CT）。土壤CO2排放通量与地温呈显著正相关,指数方程表征二者关系效果最佳,线性方程效果最低,除个别情况,深层土壤拟合效果高于浅层土壤;MTS处理的土壤CO2排放通量与土壤温度相关性高于CT处理。土壤CO2排放通量与12 cm深度土壤水分相关性不显著。通过对秸秆、根茬还田碳与土壤CO2排放碳的测算,MTS处理秸秆还田碳量较CO2排放碳量平均每年多2 744.6 kg C·hm-2,呈碳汇效应;CT处理秸秆还田碳量较CO2排放碳量平均每年少810.4 kg C·hm-2,呈碳源效应。
文摘Based on historical data and field investigation, some major fluxes and reserves of carbon were estimated, and a tentative analysis of the soil carbon balance was made in a native grassland community in the Xilin River basin of Inner Mongolia. Major results were reported as follows: 1) Annual average carbon input from above-ground biomass production was 79.8 g C(.)m(-2.)a(-1), and from root biomass to 30 cm. depth averaged 311.9 g C(.)m(-2.)a(-1). The summed mean annual carbon input of shoot and root materials in the study site was approximately 391.7 g C(.)m(-2.)a(-1). 2) The annual amount of above-ground biomass consumed by insects averaged 14.7 g C(.)m(-2.)a(-1), and the carbon output by leaching or light-chemical oxidation was 3.2 g C(.)m(-2.)a(-1) The annual evolution rate of CO2 from net soil respiration averaged 346.9 g C(.)m(-2.)a(-1), and the summed mean annual output was approximately 364.8 g C(.)m(-2.)a(-1). 3) A mature, steady-state system could be assumed for the community for which growth and decay were approximately in balance, with a net carbon accumulation of about 26.9 g C(.)m(-2.)a(-1). Based on the soil organic carbon density of the field, the turnover Irate of soil carbon in 0 - 30 cm depth was calculated to be 6.2%, with a turnover time of 16 years.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41761043,41201196,41261047)the Youth Teacher Scientific Capability Promoting Project of Northwest Normal University(NWNU-LKQN2020-06,NWNU-LKQN-17-7)the Key Research and Development Program of Gansu Province(20YF3FA042).
文摘Precipitation(PPT)changes affect both aboveground vegetation dynamics and belowground carbon cycling processes,particularly in arid and semiarid regions.However,it remains unclear how extreme PPT variation can affect soil carbon sequestration potential.A 3-year PPT manipulation experiment with five levels(±40%,±20%and ambient PPT)was conducted in a desert grassland of western Loess Plateau.Aboveground net primary productivity(ANPP)and soil respiration(Rs)were measured to examine whether the responses of ANPP and Rs to PPT changes displayed a double asymmetry model.The ANPP was more sensitive to extreme drought than extreme wet treatments in wet and dry years,which displayed a negative asymmetric model.The change in ANPP was mainly due to the direct effect of PPT change,and plant density variation also exerted some influence in the dry year.In contrast,Rs displayed a positive asymmetry response to PPT change in dry year.This may be ascribed to enhanced autotrophic respiration due to the enhanced positive responses of plant growth and ANPP to wet treatments as well as stronger birch effect of rainfall events on heterotrophic respiration.The saturating response of Rs to extreme drought(−40%PPT treatment)was also found in the dry year.Nevertheless,the response of Rs to PPT change displayed a negative asymmetry model in wet years.The contrasting models for ANPP and Rs in response to altered PPT regime suggest that extreme wet or dry treatments may increase soil C pools effluxes toward debt in this desert grassland.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2010CB950604)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41075108)
文摘Improving management of soil organic carbon(SOC)has been considered as a substantial mitigation strategy to climate change.Management such as stubble retention(SR),conservation tillage(ZT),and fertilization are recommended for both promoting production and accumulating SOC.However,whether such management practices can cause net increase in SOC or just a slow-down of SOC decline largely depends on the current status of SOC for a given region.This paper synthesized the available SOC data in the croplands of China,and analysed the change of SOC in the top 20 cm soil as a result of management change.The results showed that,on average,SOC increased by 18.3%through SR,by 9.1%through ZT,and by 12.4%,36.9%and 41.5%through application of inorganic(IF),organic(OF)and combined inorganic and organic fertilizers(IOF),respectively,compared to those under stubble removal,conventional tillage and no fertilization.Under SR,ZT,IF,OF and IOF,SOC increased by 16.0%,10.2%,8.2%,32.2%and41.3%,respectively,at the end of the trials compared with the initial values at the start of the trials.Our analysis also showed that in Northeast and Northwest China,SOC in agricultural soils is still decreasing due to cultivation.In North and South China,however,SOC appears to have reached a new equilibrium of low SOC state after a long cultivation history,and soils have greater potential to sequester C.Our analysis highlights the need of taking account of the baseline status to assess the net soil C balance over time and space.
