地球系统科学从20世纪80年代蓬勃兴起。国内外学者普遍认为地球系统科学(Earth System Science)概念是由美国国家航空航天局(NASA)1983年首次正式提出。然而如果我们重温李四光先生遗著,则不难发现早在20世纪20—30年代他就已将系统论...地球系统科学从20世纪80年代蓬勃兴起。国内外学者普遍认为地球系统科学(Earth System Science)概念是由美国国家航空航天局(NASA)1983年首次正式提出。然而如果我们重温李四光先生遗著,则不难发现早在20世纪20—30年代他就已将系统论引入地质学,提出了诸如构造系统(tectonic system)、大陆车阀说、海水进退规程等等新概念;1970年在他临终前出版的《天文·地质·古生物》,还将地球系统科学研究内容进一步扩大。可以说,系统科学思想贯彻在他的一生论著中,说明我国杰出地质学家李四光才是真正地球系统科学的先驱。李四光先生有诸多超前思维值得传承,他创建的"地质力学"的内容就是现代"系统构造地质学"加"地球系统科学"。展开更多
Fertile topsoil was added onto the surface of barren slope land in Three Gorges Reservoir region of China in an anthropogenic process known as the foreign soil reconstruction project. The main goal of this paper was t...Fertile topsoil was added onto the surface of barren slope land in Three Gorges Reservoir region of China in an anthropogenic process known as the foreign soil reconstruction project. The main goal of this paper was to reveal the influence of anthropogenic activities on pedogenic processes and soil classifications. Chemical weathering indices and comparative analysis were applied to discuss changes in geochemical compositions and weathering features of purplish soils(Cambisols) before and after the project. Results showed that:(1) The foreign soil reconstruction project slightly altered the major element composition of topsoil and improved the soil structure. Although the distributions of major elements in the original topsoil, original subsoil, foreign topsoil and newly constructed topsoil were all similar to that in upper continental crust, newly constructed topsoil was the most similar soil.(2) The chemical index of alteration was more sensitive than the weathering index of Parker at indicating chemical weathering status of purplish soil. The chemical weathering status of newly constructed topsoil was higher than that of the original topsoil and lower than that of foreign topsoil.(3) Anthropogenic activities may provide a promising new thought for the anthropogenic soil classification system. The scope and subgroups of Anthrosols should be extended and strengthened. Or there may be a need to combine Anthrosols and Technosols orders to create a new soil order. The results may be used for optimizing soil mellowing engineering activities and enriching the soil classification system.展开更多
In this paper, we use pre-column 2 times low-temperature cryo-trap enrichment--gas chromatography（GC） /nitrogen and phosphorus detector（NPD）to detect and analyze phosphine in Arctic pole area for the first time. T...In this paper, we use pre-column 2 times low-temperature cryo-trap enrichment--gas chromatography（GC） /nitrogen and phosphorus detector（NPD）to detect and analyze phosphine in Arctic pole area for the first time. The results show phosphine exists in all of the samples in Arctic pole biosphere and phosphine concentration in Arctic atmosphere is between 18.54- 132.18 ng/m^3, almost the same as that in Antarctic atmosphere; phosphine concentration in Dalian bay sea surface sediments is between 116. 8- 554.3 ng/kg, almost the same as that reported in Jiao-zhou bay. Our research of phosphine will shed new light on the mechanisms showing how the phosphorus supplement influences the biogeochemical cycle and global warming.展开更多
文摘地球系统科学从20世纪80年代蓬勃兴起。国内外学者普遍认为地球系统科学(Earth System Science)概念是由美国国家航空航天局(NASA)1983年首次正式提出。然而如果我们重温李四光先生遗著,则不难发现早在20世纪20—30年代他就已将系统论引入地质学,提出了诸如构造系统(tectonic system)、大陆车阀说、海水进退规程等等新概念;1970年在他临终前出版的《天文·地质·古生物》,还将地球系统科学研究内容进一步扩大。可以说,系统科学思想贯彻在他的一生论著中,说明我国杰出地质学家李四光才是真正地球系统科学的先驱。李四光先生有诸多超前思维值得传承,他创建的"地质力学"的内容就是现代"系统构造地质学"加"地球系统科学"。
基金the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 2012BAD05B06)
文摘Fertile topsoil was added onto the surface of barren slope land in Three Gorges Reservoir region of China in an anthropogenic process known as the foreign soil reconstruction project. The main goal of this paper was to reveal the influence of anthropogenic activities on pedogenic processes and soil classifications. Chemical weathering indices and comparative analysis were applied to discuss changes in geochemical compositions and weathering features of purplish soils(Cambisols) before and after the project. Results showed that:(1) The foreign soil reconstruction project slightly altered the major element composition of topsoil and improved the soil structure. Although the distributions of major elements in the original topsoil, original subsoil, foreign topsoil and newly constructed topsoil were all similar to that in upper continental crust, newly constructed topsoil was the most similar soil.(2) The chemical index of alteration was more sensitive than the weathering index of Parker at indicating chemical weathering status of purplish soil. The chemical weathering status of newly constructed topsoil was higher than that of the original topsoil and lower than that of foreign topsoil.(3) Anthropogenic activities may provide a promising new thought for the anthropogenic soil classification system. The scope and subgroups of Anthrosols should be extended and strengthened. Or there may be a need to combine Anthrosols and Technosols orders to create a new soil order. The results may be used for optimizing soil mellowing engineering activities and enriching the soil classification system.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Programme of China ( No. 2008AA09Z114)the Polar Science Research Foundation ( No. 20070214)the Opening Foundation ( No. PCRRF08016) of State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Nanjing University and the National Ocean science Foundation (No. 2008614)
文摘In this paper, we use pre-column 2 times low-temperature cryo-trap enrichment--gas chromatography（GC） /nitrogen and phosphorus detector（NPD）to detect and analyze phosphine in Arctic pole area for the first time. The results show phosphine exists in all of the samples in Arctic pole biosphere and phosphine concentration in Arctic atmosphere is between 18.54- 132.18 ng/m^3, almost the same as that in Antarctic atmosphere; phosphine concentration in Dalian bay sea surface sediments is between 116. 8- 554.3 ng/kg, almost the same as that reported in Jiao-zhou bay. Our research of phosphine will shed new light on the mechanisms showing how the phosphorus supplement influences the biogeochemical cycle and global warming.
