从生态系统响应和游客主观认知的双重视角，对六盘山旅游区旅游步道对人类旅游践踏干扰的响应进行了研究。结果表明：①自然状态下旅游践踏干扰主要集中在旅游步道边缘1—3m范围内，但不同生态系统差异较大。在调查的3个景区中，小南川...从生态系统响应和游客主观认知的双重视角，对六盘山旅游区旅游步道对人类旅游践踏干扰的响应进行了研究。结果表明：①自然状态下旅游践踏干扰主要集中在旅游步道边缘1—3m范围内，但不同生态系统差异较大。在调查的3个景区中，小南川景区乔灌草生态统主要集中在旅游步道1m左右；凉殿峡景区高山草甸生态系统集中在1—2m之间；野荷谷景区华北落叶松林下生态系统则达到3m左右；②采用地表覆盖物响应指数（Index of Land Cover Impact，IL-CI）和游客可接受改变限度（Limits of Acceptable Change，LAC）来衡量受干扰旅游步道响应程度，在1m范围内各调查样区ILCI均达到4级或5级严重冲击程度；1—2m间以凉殿峡景区ILCI值较高（39％），介于1—2级之间，而小南川与野荷谷景区儿口值属1级轻微影响；3m及以外三者影响基本较小。游客对游道沿线土壤裸露度可接受改变限度为55．7％，3个调查样区1m范围内植被覆盖减少率（CR）均超过此水平；③调查样区旅游步道响应强弱与游道坡度、边坡坡度以及游道宽度具有一定相关性；④地表覆盖物响应指数因与其它各响应变量间显著相关，可作为评估旅游干扰系统响应的一项简易而有效的指标。研究结果也表明，目前旅游践踏干扰已对游道沿线环境以及游客游憩体验产生了一定的负面影响。因此，改变目前景区开发无序状态，加强旅游步道规划设计和游客行为规范，建立长期环境监测系统，将对制定防治游憩冲击策略，促进六盘山生态旅游区可持续发展具有重要指导价值。展开更多
Under the condition of high temperature, the effects of five cover patterns （clean tillage, film mulching, weed covering, branches and leaves covering and growing grass covering） on soil properties in young Phoebe b...Under the condition of high temperature, the effects of five cover patterns （clean tillage, film mulching, weed covering, branches and leaves covering and growing grass covering） on soil properties in young Phoebe boumei forest were in- vestigated. The results showed that the five cover patterns all showed significant ef- fects on soil properties in young Phoebe bournei forest under the condition of high temperature. Land cover increased land temperature in Phoebe boumei forest. Un- der the film mulching, the land temperature was increased most rapidly with the largest increment. However, weed covering, branches and leaves covering and growing grass covering decreased land temperature. Among them, growing grass covering showed the best cooling effect. The film mulching, weed covering, branch- es and leaves covering and growing grass covering all increased land humidity. The film mulching showed the best moisture-preserving effect in the early period, but in the late period, the humidity in the film mulching treatment group was lower than that in the clean tillage treatment group. Among the five mulching patterns, moisture loss in the film mulching treatment group was slowest and least, followed by those in the weed covering and branches and leaves covering treatment groups, and moisture loss in the growing grass covering treatment group was fastest and most.展开更多
The cooling effects of urban green vegetation cover, which can help decrease LST （land surface temperature） in urban area. When air temperature decreases, the electricity consumption of household will also mitigate ...The cooling effects of urban green vegetation cover, which can help decrease LST （land surface temperature） in urban area. When air temperature decreases, the electricity consumption of household will also mitigate loading. Meanwhile, that lack of assessment of green vegetation coverage impact to LST and electricity consumption, so that it could not clearly quantify the environmental contribution of green coves. In Taipei city, for example, FVC （fractional vegetation cover） value and LST was collected from Aster satellite remote sensing images, and data of household electricity consumption was acquired from Taiwan Power Company. Based on these three factors, it analyzed relative model. In the urban area, fractional vegetation cover might influence with land surface temperature and electricity consumption. The result shows that when the value of fractional vegetation cover is low, the air temperature is high. While fractional vegetation cover is increase, not only the land surface temperature is decreasing but the electricity consumption is also reducing. This study hopes can be the reference materials for the future metropolis plan and to inhibit the spread of urban thermal environment.展开更多
Vegetation index-land surface temperature （VI-T s ） space has been widely used to estimate evapotranspiration and soil moisture. The limitation of this method is the uncertainty of the observed dry edge, which is us...Vegetation index-land surface temperature （VI-T s ） space has been widely used to estimate evapotranspiration and soil moisture. The limitation of this method is the uncertainty of the observed dry edge, which is usually fitted by scatter plots. Here, a method was used to locate true dry and wet edges based on energy balance formulation, and a simple method to estimate surface energy flux is proposed based on the improved Fractional vegetation cover-Land surface temperature （F v -T s ） space. Seventeen days of MODIS products were selected to estimate evapotranspiration and the estimated sensible heat flux （H） is compared with Large Aperture Scintillometer （LAS） data at a site in Zhengzhou, resulting in a RMSE of 44.06 W m^-2 , bias of 36.99 W m^-2 and R^2 of 0.71. The H scatter plots of estimation versus observation show clearly that most points are around the 1：1 line. Overall, the located true and wet edges are more accurate than the observed true edge. Our results can also be applied to improve the estimation of soil moisture.展开更多
文摘从生态系统响应和游客主观认知的双重视角，对六盘山旅游区旅游步道对人类旅游践踏干扰的响应进行了研究。结果表明：①自然状态下旅游践踏干扰主要集中在旅游步道边缘1—3m范围内，但不同生态系统差异较大。在调查的3个景区中，小南川景区乔灌草生态统主要集中在旅游步道1m左右；凉殿峡景区高山草甸生态系统集中在1—2m之间；野荷谷景区华北落叶松林下生态系统则达到3m左右；②采用地表覆盖物响应指数（Index of Land Cover Impact，IL-CI）和游客可接受改变限度（Limits of Acceptable Change，LAC）来衡量受干扰旅游步道响应程度，在1m范围内各调查样区ILCI均达到4级或5级严重冲击程度；1—2m间以凉殿峡景区ILCI值较高（39％），介于1—2级之间，而小南川与野荷谷景区儿口值属1级轻微影响；3m及以外三者影响基本较小。游客对游道沿线土壤裸露度可接受改变限度为55．7％，3个调查样区1m范围内植被覆盖减少率（CR）均超过此水平；③调查样区旅游步道响应强弱与游道坡度、边坡坡度以及游道宽度具有一定相关性；④地表覆盖物响应指数因与其它各响应变量间显著相关，可作为评估旅游干扰系统响应的一项简易而有效的指标。研究结果也表明，目前旅游践踏干扰已对游道沿线环境以及游客游憩体验产生了一定的负面影响。因此，改变目前景区开发无序状态，加强旅游步道规划设计和游客行为规范，建立长期环境监测系统，将对制定防治游憩冲击策略，促进六盘山生态旅游区可持续发展具有重要指导价值。
基金Supported by Forestry Science and Technology Program of Hunan Province(XLK201406)~~
文摘Under the condition of high temperature, the effects of five cover patterns （clean tillage, film mulching, weed covering, branches and leaves covering and growing grass covering） on soil properties in young Phoebe boumei forest were in- vestigated. The results showed that the five cover patterns all showed significant ef- fects on soil properties in young Phoebe bournei forest under the condition of high temperature. Land cover increased land temperature in Phoebe boumei forest. Un- der the film mulching, the land temperature was increased most rapidly with the largest increment. However, weed covering, branches and leaves covering and growing grass covering decreased land temperature. Among them, growing grass covering showed the best cooling effect. The film mulching, weed covering, branch- es and leaves covering and growing grass covering all increased land humidity. The film mulching showed the best moisture-preserving effect in the early period, but in the late period, the humidity in the film mulching treatment group was lower than that in the clean tillage treatment group. Among the five mulching patterns, moisture loss in the film mulching treatment group was slowest and least, followed by those in the weed covering and branches and leaves covering treatment groups, and moisture loss in the growing grass covering treatment group was fastest and most.
文摘The cooling effects of urban green vegetation cover, which can help decrease LST （land surface temperature） in urban area. When air temperature decreases, the electricity consumption of household will also mitigate loading. Meanwhile, that lack of assessment of green vegetation coverage impact to LST and electricity consumption, so that it could not clearly quantify the environmental contribution of green coves. In Taipei city, for example, FVC （fractional vegetation cover） value and LST was collected from Aster satellite remote sensing images, and data of household electricity consumption was acquired from Taiwan Power Company. Based on these three factors, it analyzed relative model. In the urban area, fractional vegetation cover might influence with land surface temperature and electricity consumption. The result shows that when the value of fractional vegetation cover is low, the air temperature is high. While fractional vegetation cover is increase, not only the land surface temperature is decreasing but the electricity consumption is also reducing. This study hopes can be the reference materials for the future metropolis plan and to inhibit the spread of urban thermal environment.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(40971221)National Key Project of Scientific and Technical Supporting Programs Funded by Ministry of Science & Technology of China(2006BAD04B01-0101)+2 种基金National Department Public Benefit Research Foundation(GYHY200706046)the European Commission(Call FP7-ENV-2007-1Grant No.212921)as part of the CEOP-AEGIS project(http://www.ceop-aegis.org/)the co-building projection of Beijing in China(000-105803)
文摘Vegetation index-land surface temperature （VI-T s ） space has been widely used to estimate evapotranspiration and soil moisture. The limitation of this method is the uncertainty of the observed dry edge, which is usually fitted by scatter plots. Here, a method was used to locate true dry and wet edges based on energy balance formulation, and a simple method to estimate surface energy flux is proposed based on the improved Fractional vegetation cover-Land surface temperature （F v -T s ） space. Seventeen days of MODIS products were selected to estimate evapotranspiration and the estimated sensible heat flux （H） is compared with Large Aperture Scintillometer （LAS） data at a site in Zhengzhou, resulting in a RMSE of 44.06 W m^-2 , bias of 36.99 W m^-2 and R^2 of 0.71. The H scatter plots of estimation versus observation show clearly that most points are around the 1：1 line. Overall, the located true and wet edges are more accurate than the observed true edge. Our results can also be applied to improve the estimation of soil moisture.
