The development of microbial herbicide for weed control has been serious- ly regarded all over the world and has made rapid progress in recent years. This paper presents a comprehensive review on domestic and abroad r...The development of microbial herbicide for weed control has been serious- ly regarded all over the world and has made rapid progress in recent years. This paper presents a comprehensive review on domestic and abroad research progress of microbial herbicide and mainly introduces the microbial herbicide products and mi- crobial sources with commercialization potential, and then proposes an outlook for their development tendency and application prospect.展开更多
This article sets out to study two strategies on culture translation: one of them is domestication, the other is foreignization.Numerous authentic translated versions are collected to analyze the characteristics of th...This article sets out to study two strategies on culture translation: one of them is domestication, the other is foreignization.Numerous authentic translated versions are collected to analyze the characteristics of the two strategies in both diachronic and synchronic perspectives. It is concluded that the two strategies have their respective features and applicable values. It is suggested that the two strategies should be viewed and studied dialectically and historically rather than statically and absolutely in order to place translation practice and translation theory in a correct track.展开更多
What happened to the Olympic torch relay abroad reveals how little and superficially the western countries, in particular, know of china. Meanwhile there also exists a lack or vacancy of English teaching in English te...What happened to the Olympic torch relay abroad reveals how little and superficially the western countries, in particular, know of china. Meanwhile there also exists a lack or vacancy of English teaching in English teaching at home. The failure of expressing Chinese culture and conditions correctly and fluently among the English learners has already resulted in negative impact on our international image, which is related to our teaching policy of strengthening western culture and neglecting the export of our own culture. Therefore, in the English teaching at all levels, great attention should be paid to the cross-cultural communication between home culture and the culture of target language, the promotion of expressing mother culture in foreign languages, and exporting and broadcasting Chinese culture.展开更多
This paper presents an introduction to the concepts of domestication and foreignization and the theory of Nida＇s ＂dynamic equivalence＂. Then, the paper makes an analysis of ＂dynamic equivalence＂ from the perspect...This paper presents an introduction to the concepts of domestication and foreignization and the theory of Nida＇s ＂dynamic equivalence＂. Then, the paper makes an analysis of ＂dynamic equivalence＂ from the perspective of domestication and foreignization.展开更多
The majority of multinational enterprises （MNEs） traditionally originate from developed countries. In the last ten years, however, there has been dramatic growth in foreign direct investment （FDI） from China. It i...The majority of multinational enterprises （MNEs） traditionally originate from developed countries. In the last ten years, however, there has been dramatic growth in foreign direct investment （FDI） from China. It is a comparatively new phenomenon that challenges the classic FDI theories. In this paper, we review the pros and cons of two important theories, known as the Owner- ship-Location-Internalization （0LI） model and Linkage-Leverage-Learning （LLL） model, and use the statistical data and company case studies from China to test the plausibility of these two models. We believe that neither of them suits totally： the OLI model is quite use- fill for understanding FDI from China to developing economies, while the LLL model is more powerful for explaining the FDI to de- veloped economies. We argue that the companies from China attain a very advantageous position as intermediates in the global economy They may catch up with the first movers if they integrate OLI-led and LLL-led FDI within one firm. This combination can bring to- gether the most advanced knowledge acquired in developed economies with the knowledge about adaptation needs and the needs for cost reduction in production as expressed in developing economies. It may also accelerate the knowledge transfer globally. We thus fill a gap in research into the geographical pattern of Chinese FDI and offer a deeper understanding of the internationalization of Chinese MNEs and revolving knowledge transfer.展开更多
The paper is to study the culture differences in the novel The Kitchen God＇s Wife by Amy Tan. Amy Tan was an oversea Chinese. Her mother was born and grew in old China. With the influences of her mother, Tan＇s novel...The paper is to study the culture differences in the novel The Kitchen God＇s Wife by Amy Tan. Amy Tan was an oversea Chinese. Her mother was born and grew in old China. With the influences of her mother, Tan＇s novel inevitably reflects the Chinese culture. For herself, she was born and grew up in the States; she has been influenced by the American culture. So in her novel both the Chinese culture and American culture can be found. In this paper, the Chinese culture will mainly be talked about and analyzed, with some slight of American culture mentioned. The paper will start with the definition of culture, and the implication and features of Chinese and American culture will be explained. In the body of the paper, the typical symbols and manifestation of Chinese culture will be shown. And the conclusion is the main character＇s acceptance of the two cultures in the end.展开更多
The wide application of Chinese and foreign allusions is a big feature of QIAN Zhong-shu＇s only novel and masterpiece Fortress Besieged, which was first published in 1947. The paper makes an attempt to categorize and...The wide application of Chinese and foreign allusions is a big feature of QIAN Zhong-shu＇s only novel and masterpiece Fortress Besieged, which was first published in 1947. The paper makes an attempt to categorize and analyze the strategies in translating allusions adopted by Jeanne Kelly and Nathan K. Mao in the only English version. The strategies include literal translation, literal translation plus endnote, literal translation plus explanation added in the text, interpretation of the implied meaning plus endnote, and interpretation of the implied meaning in the text. In particular, the strategy of literal translation plus endnote is mostly adopted. This is indicative of the translators＇ wish to be as faithful as possible to the source text. What＇s more, the literal translation strategy and use of endnotes is of a big help to communicate the Chinese culture to foreigners展开更多
The experience of＂The Other＂ has become a common one for people in the 21st century, and yet it continues to be a major problem for everyone involved. Increasingly, however, immigrants and their descendants adjust a...The experience of＂The Other＂ has become a common one for people in the 21st century, and yet it continues to be a major problem for everyone involved. Increasingly, however, immigrants and their descendants adjust and soon participate in and with the new culture（s）. At the same time, those who encounter ＂The Other＂ through the contact with immigrants, have also to adapt, to learn, and to realize considerable changes in themselves in that process. Recently, a new German novelist, Renate Ahrens, has created several major works in which she reflects on this intricate phenomenon typical of our times. The present study might well be the first critical analysis of her last two novels, Zeit der Wahrheit （Time of Truth, 2005） and Fremde Schwestern （Alienated Sisters, 2011）, which prove to be outstanding and first-rate literary treatments of the theme of＂The Other＂ in an intercultural context. As Ahrens illustrates in both novels, each individual carries a heavy baggage imposed on them by the own family history, and so in both cases the confrontation with ＂The Other＂ serves exceedingly well to break open the shell of self-isolation and self-alienation. Love finally overcomes ancient conflicts and paves the way for new integrative forces supporting the formation of the ＂global village＂ we all are really living in.展开更多
This paper aims to review and analyze the literature on the expansion of Chinese firms to Latin America. In order to achieve this objective, it first reviews the literature on the internationalization of Chinese MNCs,...This paper aims to review and analyze the literature on the expansion of Chinese firms to Latin America. In order to achieve this objective, it first reviews the literature on the internationalization of Chinese MNCs, the theoretical frameworks discussed in the literature and the principal features of companies from China. Second, it describes the economic and political relations between the countries, specifically the threats and opportunities for Latin America and the trade and investment trends. The review shows that the majority of the current literature on Chinese MNCs has a focus on their expansion to developed countries, on the conceptual framework needed to understand this expansion, and on the competition for foreign investments from developed countries. As a result, the analysis makes evident that research gaps seem to exist in the following areas： （1） the relative value of Chinese companies＇ existing advantages, （2） the sustainability of these advantages once the lead, probably given by OEMs or JVs, had been exhausted, （3） research works based on quantitative and comparative data, （4） the motives for FDI, （5） the entry mode, configuration, control and strategy of Chinese companies investing in Latin America, and （6） the potential opportunities presented to European companies operating in Latin America.展开更多
Culture is a result of the accumulation of human society; language is the important carrier of culture. Infiltration of Western culture and the widely use of English seriously hinder the globalization of the Chinese c...Culture is a result of the accumulation of human society; language is the important carrier of culture. Infiltration of Western culture and the widely use of English seriously hinder the globalization of the Chinese culture and it results in ＂cultural aphasia＂ phenomenon. After having studied foreign language for several years, many foreign language learners still cannot express Chinese traditional culture correctly in international communication. This is mainly due to the neglect of Chinese culture in the process of foreign language teaching. With the development of globalization, the communication between different cultures has become more and more frequent It is necessary to pay more attention to the output of native language culture as well as the input of target language culture. As the main places of cultivating high-level talents in China, colleges and universities are focusing on how to change this phenomenon in the foreign language teaching reform. This paper begins with the introduction of ＂cultural aphasia＂ phenomenon in China, then analyzes the reasons, finally proposes suggestions and teaching strategies to overcome the culture aphasia in cross-cultural communication.展开更多
AIM:To determine the impact of cirrhosis on trauma patients and define the factors predicting death.METHODS:The data on patients admitted to the trauma center from January 2000-2005 were studied retrospectively.The cl...AIM:To determine the impact of cirrhosis on trauma patients and define the factors predicting death.METHODS:The data on patients admitted to the trauma center from January 2000-2005 were studied retrospectively.The clinical variables were recorded and compared to identify the factors differentiating cirrhotic trauma survivors from non survivors.Child's classification criteria were derived from the reviewed charts of cirrhotic trauma patients to evaluate their predictive value in cirrhotic trauma.Trauma registry was also used to generate a trauma control group by matching for age,sex,abbreviated injury score(AIS)over the same period of time.The outcome variables compared were mortality rate,time of ICU and hospital stay.Results were expressed as mean ± SD.These data were analyzed by SPSS.11.0 statistical software.Univariate analysis was performed to identify significant medical factors for survivor and non survivors subjected to chi-square test.Fisher's exact test and Student's t test were performed to determine the statistical difference between cirrhotic and control groups.P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS:Poor prognosis of traum patients was associated with one or more of the following findings:ascitcs,hyperbilirubinemia(more than 2 mg/dL),hypoalbuminemia(less than 3.5 mg/dL),and prolonged prothrombin time(more than 12.5 seconds).Although Child's classification was used to predict the outcome in cirrhotic patients undergoing portacaval shunt procedures,no significant difference was found in mortality rate as a function of Child's classification.CONCLUSION:Cirrhosis is associated with a highermortality,a longer time of ICU and hospital stay of trauma patients.It seems that treatment of trauma patients with pre-existing severe liver disease is a challenge to surgeons.展开更多
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31101483)Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(No.201303031)Project of Youth Fund of Hunan Agricultural University(No.12QN09)~~
文摘The development of microbial herbicide for weed control has been serious- ly regarded all over the world and has made rapid progress in recent years. This paper presents a comprehensive review on domestic and abroad research progress of microbial herbicide and mainly introduces the microbial herbicide products and mi- crobial sources with commercialization potential, and then proposes an outlook for their development tendency and application prospect.
文摘This article sets out to study two strategies on culture translation: one of them is domestication, the other is foreignization.Numerous authentic translated versions are collected to analyze the characteristics of the two strategies in both diachronic and synchronic perspectives. It is concluded that the two strategies have their respective features and applicable values. It is suggested that the two strategies should be viewed and studied dialectically and historically rather than statically and absolutely in order to place translation practice and translation theory in a correct track.
文摘What happened to the Olympic torch relay abroad reveals how little and superficially the western countries, in particular, know of china. Meanwhile there also exists a lack or vacancy of English teaching in English teaching at home. The failure of expressing Chinese culture and conditions correctly and fluently among the English learners has already resulted in negative impact on our international image, which is related to our teaching policy of strengthening western culture and neglecting the export of our own culture. Therefore, in the English teaching at all levels, great attention should be paid to the cross-cultural communication between home culture and the culture of target language, the promotion of expressing mother culture in foreign languages, and exporting and broadcasting Chinese culture.
文摘This paper presents an introduction to the concepts of domestication and foreignization and the theory of Nida＇s ＂dynamic equivalence＂. Then, the paper makes an analysis of ＂dynamic equivalence＂ from the perspective of domestication and foreignization.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.4097106941101120)+1 种基金State Scholarship Fund by China Scholaship CouncilMinistry of Education of the people's Republic of China(No.2009614028)
文摘The majority of multinational enterprises （MNEs） traditionally originate from developed countries. In the last ten years, however, there has been dramatic growth in foreign direct investment （FDI） from China. It is a comparatively new phenomenon that challenges the classic FDI theories. In this paper, we review the pros and cons of two important theories, known as the Owner- ship-Location-Internalization （0LI） model and Linkage-Leverage-Learning （LLL） model, and use the statistical data and company case studies from China to test the plausibility of these two models. We believe that neither of them suits totally： the OLI model is quite use- fill for understanding FDI from China to developing economies, while the LLL model is more powerful for explaining the FDI to de- veloped economies. We argue that the companies from China attain a very advantageous position as intermediates in the global economy They may catch up with the first movers if they integrate OLI-led and LLL-led FDI within one firm. This combination can bring to- gether the most advanced knowledge acquired in developed economies with the knowledge about adaptation needs and the needs for cost reduction in production as expressed in developing economies. It may also accelerate the knowledge transfer globally. We thus fill a gap in research into the geographical pattern of Chinese FDI and offer a deeper understanding of the internationalization of Chinese MNEs and revolving knowledge transfer.
文摘The paper is to study the culture differences in the novel The Kitchen God＇s Wife by Amy Tan. Amy Tan was an oversea Chinese. Her mother was born and grew in old China. With the influences of her mother, Tan＇s novel inevitably reflects the Chinese culture. For herself, she was born and grew up in the States; she has been influenced by the American culture. So in her novel both the Chinese culture and American culture can be found. In this paper, the Chinese culture will mainly be talked about and analyzed, with some slight of American culture mentioned. The paper will start with the definition of culture, and the implication and features of Chinese and American culture will be explained. In the body of the paper, the typical symbols and manifestation of Chinese culture will be shown. And the conclusion is the main character＇s acceptance of the two cultures in the end.
文摘The wide application of Chinese and foreign allusions is a big feature of QIAN Zhong-shu＇s only novel and masterpiece Fortress Besieged, which was first published in 1947. The paper makes an attempt to categorize and analyze the strategies in translating allusions adopted by Jeanne Kelly and Nathan K. Mao in the only English version. The strategies include literal translation, literal translation plus endnote, literal translation plus explanation added in the text, interpretation of the implied meaning plus endnote, and interpretation of the implied meaning in the text. In particular, the strategy of literal translation plus endnote is mostly adopted. This is indicative of the translators＇ wish to be as faithful as possible to the source text. What＇s more, the literal translation strategy and use of endnotes is of a big help to communicate the Chinese culture to foreigners
文摘The experience of＂The Other＂ has become a common one for people in the 21st century, and yet it continues to be a major problem for everyone involved. Increasingly, however, immigrants and their descendants adjust and soon participate in and with the new culture（s）. At the same time, those who encounter ＂The Other＂ through the contact with immigrants, have also to adapt, to learn, and to realize considerable changes in themselves in that process. Recently, a new German novelist, Renate Ahrens, has created several major works in which she reflects on this intricate phenomenon typical of our times. The present study might well be the first critical analysis of her last two novels, Zeit der Wahrheit （Time of Truth, 2005） and Fremde Schwestern （Alienated Sisters, 2011）, which prove to be outstanding and first-rate literary treatments of the theme of＂The Other＂ in an intercultural context. As Ahrens illustrates in both novels, each individual carries a heavy baggage imposed on them by the own family history, and so in both cases the confrontation with ＂The Other＂ serves exceedingly well to break open the shell of self-isolation and self-alienation. Love finally overcomes ancient conflicts and paves the way for new integrative forces supporting the formation of the ＂global village＂ we all are really living in.
文摘This paper aims to review and analyze the literature on the expansion of Chinese firms to Latin America. In order to achieve this objective, it first reviews the literature on the internationalization of Chinese MNCs, the theoretical frameworks discussed in the literature and the principal features of companies from China. Second, it describes the economic and political relations between the countries, specifically the threats and opportunities for Latin America and the trade and investment trends. The review shows that the majority of the current literature on Chinese MNCs has a focus on their expansion to developed countries, on the conceptual framework needed to understand this expansion, and on the competition for foreign investments from developed countries. As a result, the analysis makes evident that research gaps seem to exist in the following areas： （1） the relative value of Chinese companies＇ existing advantages, （2） the sustainability of these advantages once the lead, probably given by OEMs or JVs, had been exhausted, （3） research works based on quantitative and comparative data, （4） the motives for FDI, （5） the entry mode, configuration, control and strategy of Chinese companies investing in Latin America, and （6） the potential opportunities presented to European companies operating in Latin America.
文摘Culture is a result of the accumulation of human society; language is the important carrier of culture. Infiltration of Western culture and the widely use of English seriously hinder the globalization of the Chinese culture and it results in ＂cultural aphasia＂ phenomenon. After having studied foreign language for several years, many foreign language learners still cannot express Chinese traditional culture correctly in international communication. This is mainly due to the neglect of Chinese culture in the process of foreign language teaching. With the development of globalization, the communication between different cultures has become more and more frequent It is necessary to pay more attention to the output of native language culture as well as the input of target language culture. As the main places of cultivating high-level talents in China, colleges and universities are focusing on how to change this phenomenon in the foreign language teaching reform. This paper begins with the introduction of ＂cultural aphasia＂ phenomenon in China, then analyzes the reasons, finally proposes suggestions and teaching strategies to overcome the culture aphasia in cross-cultural communication.
文摘AIM:To determine the impact of cirrhosis on trauma patients and define the factors predicting death.METHODS:The data on patients admitted to the trauma center from January 2000-2005 were studied retrospectively.The clinical variables were recorded and compared to identify the factors differentiating cirrhotic trauma survivors from non survivors.Child's classification criteria were derived from the reviewed charts of cirrhotic trauma patients to evaluate their predictive value in cirrhotic trauma.Trauma registry was also used to generate a trauma control group by matching for age,sex,abbreviated injury score(AIS)over the same period of time.The outcome variables compared were mortality rate,time of ICU and hospital stay.Results were expressed as mean ± SD.These data were analyzed by SPSS.11.0 statistical software.Univariate analysis was performed to identify significant medical factors for survivor and non survivors subjected to chi-square test.Fisher's exact test and Student's t test were performed to determine the statistical difference between cirrhotic and control groups.P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS:Poor prognosis of traum patients was associated with one or more of the following findings:ascitcs,hyperbilirubinemia(more than 2 mg/dL),hypoalbuminemia(less than 3.5 mg/dL),and prolonged prothrombin time(more than 12.5 seconds).Although Child's classification was used to predict the outcome in cirrhotic patients undergoing portacaval shunt procedures,no significant difference was found in mortality rate as a function of Child's classification.CONCLUSION:Cirrhosis is associated with a highermortality,a longer time of ICU and hospital stay of trauma patients.It seems that treatment of trauma patients with pre-existing severe liver disease is a challenge to surgeons.
