本研究旨在利用多元统计学方法对中国不同地区(合肥、哈尔滨、黄山、苏州和成都)传统发酵香肠的风味和品质特性进行分析。结果表明,不同地区发酵香肠的水分含量、水分活度、pH值、L^(*)值、a^(*)值和b^(*)值具有显著差异。电子舌结果表...本研究旨在利用多元统计学方法对中国不同地区(合肥、哈尔滨、黄山、苏州和成都)传统发酵香肠的风味和品质特性进行分析。结果表明,不同地区发酵香肠的水分含量、水分活度、pH值、L^(*)值、a^(*)值和b^(*)值具有显著差异。电子舌结果表明,苏州和成都发酵香肠的鲜味、丰富度和咸味高于哈尔滨、合肥和黄山。电子鼻结果表明,W5S传感器在不同地区发酵香肠中具有最高的响应值。通过气相色谱-质谱联用技术在发酵香肠中共鉴定出121种挥发性化合物,筛选出26种关键挥发性化合物,其中桉叶油醇、柠檬醛和苯甲醛分别是哈尔滨、苏州和成都发酵香肠中最关键的挥发性化合物,而(E)-2-壬醛是合肥和黄山发酵香肠中最关键的挥发性化合物。偏最小二乘判别分析结果表明,黄山、苏州和合肥发酵香肠具有相似的气味特征,而黄山和合肥发酵香肠则具有相似的滋味特征。结合变量投影重要性(variable importance in projection,VIP)分析,筛选出25种差异挥发性化合物(P<0.05,VIP值>1)。关键挥发性化合物与滋味的相关性结果表明,1-辛烯-3-醇、己醛、庚醛和(E)-2-壬醛在调节滋味感知方面发挥着重要作用。综上,本研究可为提升传统特色发酵香肠风味提供理论指导。展开更多
89 Au geochemical anomalies are delineated by using 1/200000 regional geochemical exploration data. By researching regional geochemical characteristics and the relationship with the geological background, the author p...89 Au geochemical anomalies are delineated by using 1/200000 regional geochemical exploration data. By researching regional geochemical characteristics and the relationship with the geological background, the author points out that： the main factors causing high background of Au geochemical anomalies are Gaixian and Dashiqiao formation of Liaohe group, intrusions of Mesozoic intermediate-acid intrusive rocks. The elements combination types of typical anomalies are determined by using factorial analysis,cluster analysis and other mathematical methods with the combination of elements association in typical anomalies：the composite anomaly of Baiyun gold deposits is Au-As-Sb, Maoling gold deposit is Au-As- Bi-Mo, Wulong gold deposits is Au-As-Bi-W, Xiaotongjiapuzi gold deposit is Au-As-Bi-Mo-Sb. By using multivariate statistical analysis method,62 ore-caused anomaly are preferred in 89 Au geochemical anomalies delineated. On this basis, the 62 anomalies are divided into 4 kinds of anomaly types reference to elements combination types of typical anomalies,the classification results of ore-caused anomalies are： 4 geochemical anomalies of Baiyun type,36 geochemical anomalies of Maoling type,11 geochemical anomalies of Wulong type, 11 geochemical anomalies of Xiaotongjapuzi type. According to the results, the prospecting direction is provided for the futme of gold exploration.展开更多
The main objectives of this study were to introduce an integrated method for effectively identifying soil heavy metal pollution sources and apportioning their contributions, and apply it to a case study. The method co...The main objectives of this study were to introduce an integrated method for effectively identifying soil heavy metal pollution sources and apportioning their contributions, and apply it to a case study. The method combines the principal component analysis/absolute principal component scores (PCA/APCS) receptor model and geostatistics. The case study was conducted in an area of 31 km2 in the urban-rural transition zone of Wuhan, a metropolis of central China. 124 topsoil samples were collected for measuring the concentrations of eight heavy metal elements (Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni and Co). PCA results revealed that three major factors were responsible for soil heavy metal pollution, which were initially identified as "steel production", "agronomic input" and "coal consumption". The APCS technique, combined with multiple linear regression analysis, was then applied for source apportionment. Steel production appeared to be the main source for Ni, Co, Cd, Zn and Mn, agronomic input for Cu, and coal consumption for Pb and Cr. Geostatistical interpolation using ordinary kriging was finally used to map the spatial distributions of the contributions of pollution sources and further confirm the result interpretations. The introduced method appears to be an effective tool in soil pollution source apportionment and identification, and might provide valuable reference information for pollution control and environmental management.展开更多
文摘本研究旨在利用多元统计学方法对中国不同地区(合肥、哈尔滨、黄山、苏州和成都)传统发酵香肠的风味和品质特性进行分析。结果表明,不同地区发酵香肠的水分含量、水分活度、pH值、L^(*)值、a^(*)值和b^(*)值具有显著差异。电子舌结果表明,苏州和成都发酵香肠的鲜味、丰富度和咸味高于哈尔滨、合肥和黄山。电子鼻结果表明,W5S传感器在不同地区发酵香肠中具有最高的响应值。通过气相色谱-质谱联用技术在发酵香肠中共鉴定出121种挥发性化合物,筛选出26种关键挥发性化合物,其中桉叶油醇、柠檬醛和苯甲醛分别是哈尔滨、苏州和成都发酵香肠中最关键的挥发性化合物,而(E)-2-壬醛是合肥和黄山发酵香肠中最关键的挥发性化合物。偏最小二乘判别分析结果表明,黄山、苏州和合肥发酵香肠具有相似的气味特征,而黄山和合肥发酵香肠则具有相似的滋味特征。结合变量投影重要性(variable importance in projection,VIP)分析,筛选出25种差异挥发性化合物(P<0.05,VIP值>1)。关键挥发性化合物与滋味的相关性结果表明,1-辛烯-3-醇、己醛、庚醛和(E)-2-壬醛在调节滋味感知方面发挥着重要作用。综上,本研究可为提升传统特色发酵香肠风味提供理论指导。
文摘89 Au geochemical anomalies are delineated by using 1/200000 regional geochemical exploration data. By researching regional geochemical characteristics and the relationship with the geological background, the author points out that： the main factors causing high background of Au geochemical anomalies are Gaixian and Dashiqiao formation of Liaohe group, intrusions of Mesozoic intermediate-acid intrusive rocks. The elements combination types of typical anomalies are determined by using factorial analysis,cluster analysis and other mathematical methods with the combination of elements association in typical anomalies：the composite anomaly of Baiyun gold deposits is Au-As-Sb, Maoling gold deposit is Au-As- Bi-Mo, Wulong gold deposits is Au-As-Bi-W, Xiaotongjiapuzi gold deposit is Au-As-Bi-Mo-Sb. By using multivariate statistical analysis method,62 ore-caused anomaly are preferred in 89 Au geochemical anomalies delineated. On this basis, the 62 anomalies are divided into 4 kinds of anomaly types reference to elements combination types of typical anomalies,the classification results of ore-caused anomalies are： 4 geochemical anomalies of Baiyun type,36 geochemical anomalies of Maoling type,11 geochemical anomalies of Wulong type, 11 geochemical anomalies of Xiaotongjapuzi type. According to the results, the prospecting direction is provided for the futme of gold exploration.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40971269)
文摘The main objectives of this study were to introduce an integrated method for effectively identifying soil heavy metal pollution sources and apportioning their contributions, and apply it to a case study. The method combines the principal component analysis/absolute principal component scores (PCA/APCS) receptor model and geostatistics. The case study was conducted in an area of 31 km2 in the urban-rural transition zone of Wuhan, a metropolis of central China. 124 topsoil samples were collected for measuring the concentrations of eight heavy metal elements (Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni and Co). PCA results revealed that three major factors were responsible for soil heavy metal pollution, which were initially identified as "steel production", "agronomic input" and "coal consumption". The APCS technique, combined with multiple linear regression analysis, was then applied for source apportionment. Steel production appeared to be the main source for Ni, Co, Cd, Zn and Mn, agronomic input for Cu, and coal consumption for Pb and Cr. Geostatistical interpolation using ordinary kriging was finally used to map the spatial distributions of the contributions of pollution sources and further confirm the result interpretations. The introduced method appears to be an effective tool in soil pollution source apportionment and identification, and might provide valuable reference information for pollution control and environmental management.
