The effect of sowing date on grain protein, hordein fraction content and malting quality of two-rowed spring barley was investigated by using ten commercial cultivars with different grain protein content and the relat...The effect of sowing date on grain protein, hordein fraction content and malting quality of two-rowed spring barley was investigated by using ten commercial cultivars with different grain protein content and the relationships among these traits were examined. The results showed that grain protein content and B hordein content increased as the sowing date postponed and were significantly affected by sowing date, while C and D hordein contents were less influenced by sowing date. There were significant differences in grain protein and hordein fraction content among the ten cultivars. The coefficient of variation of D hordein content was much larger than that of B and C hordein contents, suggesting its greater variation caused by different sowing dates. Beta-amylase activity and diastatic power were also significantly affected by sowing date, with malt extract being less affected. Significant differences in measured malt quality were found among the ten cultivars. Grain protein was significantly correlated with B hordein and malt extract positively and negatively, respectively. There was no significant correlation between beta-amylase activity or diastatic power and grain protein content. B hordein was negatively and significantly correlated with malt extract, but no significant correlations between C hordein, D hordein and malting quality traits.展开更多
Tannic acid is generally considered as one of polyphenolic pollutants, which may cause severe threats to the environment. In this study, polyaniline adsorbent was synthesized by chemical oxidation to remove tannic aci...Tannic acid is generally considered as one of polyphenolic pollutants, which may cause severe threats to the environment. In this study, polyaniline adsorbent was synthesized by chemical oxidation to remove tannic acid in aqueous solutions. The adsorption amount of tannic acid varied greatly with pH of solution and strong adsorption was at pH 5.8-6.7. Coexisting cations, such as Na＋, K＋, and Ca2＋, can enhance the adsorption of tannic acid on poly- aniline, which may be contributed to the electrostatic interaction between tannic acid and polyaniline. The adsorp- tion process could be well described by Langmuir model and the maximum adsorption capacity was 117.65 rag.g〈 at 35℃and pH 6.0. The thermodynamic parameters calculated from the adsorption isotherms indicate that the ad- sorption of tannic acid is spontaneous and endothermic process. The polyaniline saturated with tannic acid can be desorbed in alkaline solution and regenerated adsorbent can be used repeatedly with high adsorption capacity, which implies that polyaniline adsorbents have a great potential in water purification for the removal of tannic acid.展开更多
In this study, a special method is proposed for detecting aerosols over land by analyzing satellitemeasured far IR radiation at three channels, 8.7, 11.5, and 12.5 lain. Sensitivity tests revealed that the behavioral ...In this study, a special method is proposed for detecting aerosols over land by analyzing satellitemeasured far IR radiation at three channels, 8.7, 11.5, and 12.5 lain. Sensitivity tests revealed that the behavioral features of radiative brightness temperatures （BTs） at these three channels with increasing optical depth are different among different types of aerosols. Analyzing how BTs and their differences, xBT （BT11.5-BT12.5） and YBT （BT8.7-BT11.5）, behave with varying optical depth can help to qualitatively distinguish among aerosols and semi-quantitatively estimate their optical thicknesses. In addition, the authors found that the vertical density profile of aerosols has little impact on this method.展开更多
Black carbon （BC） aerosol, accounting for a minor fraction of atmospheric aerosols, is attracting increased attentio1 due to its impact on air quality, human health, and climate change. Focusing on BC emission reduc...Black carbon （BC） aerosol, accounting for a minor fraction of atmospheric aerosols, is attracting increased attentio1 due to its impact on air quality, human health, and climate change. Focusing on BC emission reduction, this paper give1 a brief introduction to the sources and global distribution of BC. Along with the decrease of BC emissions from sue1 actions as the reduction of global greenhouse gases （GHGs） and regulating local air quality, it also highlights othet BC reduction approaches such as control and improvement of combustion conditions, the elimination of open biomas burning, and the sequestration of BC by biomass pyrolysis. Finally, it is stressed that at this moment there is no enougt reason to push BC reduction into any climate change related negotiations, although BC has been included in some o so-called win-win reduction targets for the quick response to both climate and non-climate appeals.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 30270779 and 30471022) and Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (SRFDP) (No. 20020335028), China
文摘The effect of sowing date on grain protein, hordein fraction content and malting quality of two-rowed spring barley was investigated by using ten commercial cultivars with different grain protein content and the relationships among these traits were examined. The results showed that grain protein content and B hordein content increased as the sowing date postponed and were significantly affected by sowing date, while C and D hordein contents were less influenced by sowing date. There were significant differences in grain protein and hordein fraction content among the ten cultivars. The coefficient of variation of D hordein content was much larger than that of B and C hordein contents, suggesting its greater variation caused by different sowing dates. Beta-amylase activity and diastatic power were also significantly affected by sowing date, with malt extract being less affected. Significant differences in measured malt quality were found among the ten cultivars. Grain protein was significantly correlated with B hordein and malt extract positively and negatively, respectively. There was no significant correlation between beta-amylase activity or diastatic power and grain protein content. B hordein was negatively and significantly correlated with malt extract, but no significant correlations between C hordein, D hordein and malting quality traits.
基金Supported by the National Major Research Plan for Water Pollution Control and Treatment of China （2008ZX07010-003-002）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （21107065） and the Scientific Research Program Funded by Shaanxi Pro- vincial Education DePartment （HJK0769）.
文摘Tannic acid is generally considered as one of polyphenolic pollutants, which may cause severe threats to the environment. In this study, polyaniline adsorbent was synthesized by chemical oxidation to remove tannic acid in aqueous solutions. The adsorption amount of tannic acid varied greatly with pH of solution and strong adsorption was at pH 5.8-6.7. Coexisting cations, such as Na＋, K＋, and Ca2＋, can enhance the adsorption of tannic acid on poly- aniline, which may be contributed to the electrostatic interaction between tannic acid and polyaniline. The adsorp- tion process could be well described by Langmuir model and the maximum adsorption capacity was 117.65 rag.g〈 at 35℃and pH 6.0. The thermodynamic parameters calculated from the adsorption isotherms indicate that the ad- sorption of tannic acid is spontaneous and endothermic process. The polyaniline saturated with tannic acid can be desorbed in alkaline solution and regenerated adsorbent can be used repeatedly with high adsorption capacity, which implies that polyaniline adsorbents have a great potential in water purification for the removal of tannic acid.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2006CB403705)
文摘In this study, a special method is proposed for detecting aerosols over land by analyzing satellitemeasured far IR radiation at three channels, 8.7, 11.5, and 12.5 lain. Sensitivity tests revealed that the behavioral features of radiative brightness temperatures （BTs） at these three channels with increasing optical depth are different among different types of aerosols. Analyzing how BTs and their differences, xBT （BT11.5-BT12.5） and YBT （BT8.7-BT11.5）, behave with varying optical depth can help to qualitatively distinguish among aerosols and semi-quantitatively estimate their optical thicknesses. In addition, the authors found that the vertical density profile of aerosols has little impact on this method.
基金co-supported by China 973 project of MOST(2011CB403401)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(20080440463,200902157)
文摘Black carbon （BC） aerosol, accounting for a minor fraction of atmospheric aerosols, is attracting increased attentio1 due to its impact on air quality, human health, and climate change. Focusing on BC emission reduction, this paper give1 a brief introduction to the sources and global distribution of BC. Along with the decrease of BC emissions from sue1 actions as the reduction of global greenhouse gases （GHGs） and regulating local air quality, it also highlights othet BC reduction approaches such as control and improvement of combustion conditions, the elimination of open biomas burning, and the sequestration of BC by biomass pyrolysis. Finally, it is stressed that at this moment there is no enougt reason to push BC reduction into any climate change related negotiations, although BC has been included in some o so-called win-win reduction targets for the quick response to both climate and non-climate appeals.
