Objective:To improve the diagnosis and therapeutic effect of occurrence and development of hyponatremia and disorder of acid-base balance among patients with hepatic encephalopathy(HE) by elucidating the regularity an...Objective:To improve the diagnosis and therapeutic effect of occurrence and development of hyponatremia and disorder of acid-base balance among patients with hepatic encephalopathy(HE) by elucidating the regularity and mechanism,as well as its influence on prognosis.Methods:327 HE patients admitted to our hospital from January 1990 to June 2010 were enrolled.Meanwhile 316 patients hospitalized in the medical department of the same hospital were chosen as the control group.Patients in both groups were given the same methods to measure arterial blood gas parameters(pH value,PaCO2,[HCO3-],TCO2,BE and SaO2),blood biochemistry([Na+],[K+],[Cl-]),liver function,kidney function and blood glucose,serum sodium,and thereupon tocalculate the anion gap(AG) and the potential [HCO3-],and acid-base balance disorder.Results:Among the 327 HE patients,hyponatremia was found in 188 cases(57.4%),of whom 132 patients died(70.2%).While among the 316 patients in control group,68 presented with hyponatremia(21.5%),and 19 died(27.9%).The incidence and mortality were significantly different between the two groups(P<0.001).All the 327 patients presented with different degrees of acid-base balance disorder and 178 died(54.4%),in whom 164(50.2%) belonged to simple acid-base balance disorder and 74(45.1%) died,136(41.6%) were dual acid-base balance disorder and 80(58.8%) died,27(8.2%) were triple acid-base disturbance and 24(88.9%) died.Whereas in the control group only 83 patients(26.2%) were recognized as simple and dual acid-base balance disorder,and 18(21.7%) died.There was higher incidence of acid-base balance disorder and mortality rate in HE group than control one(P<0.001).Conclusion:Hyponatremia is valuable to judge HE patients' prognosis.The key parameters in the judgment and evaluation on acid-base balance disorder among HE patients are the change of pH values and serum electrolyte values.When pH value ≤ 7.30 or > 7.55,it generally suggests a poor prognosis.展开更多
Biofilm is a community of bacteria, less susceptible to traditions treatments. Although photodynamic therapy （PDT） is a very effective way to microorganism inactivation, in biofilm it is not as efficient as it is in...Biofilm is a community of bacteria, less susceptible to traditions treatments. Although photodynamic therapy （PDT） is a very effective way to microorganism inactivation, in biofilm it is not as efficient as it is in planktonic bacteria cultures. The increment of an element to increase the effectiveness of PDT was our aim. Therefore, this in vitro study evaluates the susceptibility ofa biofilm formed by Streptococcus mutans on metallic surface of orthodontic accessories under the application of PDT with a surfactant. Samples obtained from blades of orthodontic bands （NiCr）, where used as adhesion surface for the biofilm. They were treated with 1 mg/ml of curcumin, with 0.1% of sodium dodecyl sulfate and exposed to 30 J/cm^2 of light （455 nm）. Eight experimental groups were studied, including the positive and negative controls. The results show that the group with PDT and surfactant had a significant decrease （p 〈 0.001） in viability. In this case, the reduction observed was of 5.6 log10 （CFU/ml） in comparison to the control group. We have shown that, even though the biofilm is very tough and complex structure, we are able to promote almost the complete inactivation ofS. mutans in systems similar to an orthodontic treated patient＇s mouth.展开更多
文摘Objective:To improve the diagnosis and therapeutic effect of occurrence and development of hyponatremia and disorder of acid-base balance among patients with hepatic encephalopathy(HE) by elucidating the regularity and mechanism,as well as its influence on prognosis.Methods:327 HE patients admitted to our hospital from January 1990 to June 2010 were enrolled.Meanwhile 316 patients hospitalized in the medical department of the same hospital were chosen as the control group.Patients in both groups were given the same methods to measure arterial blood gas parameters(pH value,PaCO2,[HCO3-],TCO2,BE and SaO2),blood biochemistry([Na+],[K+],[Cl-]),liver function,kidney function and blood glucose,serum sodium,and thereupon tocalculate the anion gap(AG) and the potential [HCO3-],and acid-base balance disorder.Results:Among the 327 HE patients,hyponatremia was found in 188 cases(57.4%),of whom 132 patients died(70.2%).While among the 316 patients in control group,68 presented with hyponatremia(21.5%),and 19 died(27.9%).The incidence and mortality were significantly different between the two groups(P<0.001).All the 327 patients presented with different degrees of acid-base balance disorder and 178 died(54.4%),in whom 164(50.2%) belonged to simple acid-base balance disorder and 74(45.1%) died,136(41.6%) were dual acid-base balance disorder and 80(58.8%) died,27(8.2%) were triple acid-base disturbance and 24(88.9%) died.Whereas in the control group only 83 patients(26.2%) were recognized as simple and dual acid-base balance disorder,and 18(21.7%) died.There was higher incidence of acid-base balance disorder and mortality rate in HE group than control one(P<0.001).Conclusion:Hyponatremia is valuable to judge HE patients' prognosis.The key parameters in the judgment and evaluation on acid-base balance disorder among HE patients are the change of pH values and serum electrolyte values.When pH value ≤ 7.30 or > 7.55,it generally suggests a poor prognosis.
文摘Biofilm is a community of bacteria, less susceptible to traditions treatments. Although photodynamic therapy （PDT） is a very effective way to microorganism inactivation, in biofilm it is not as efficient as it is in planktonic bacteria cultures. The increment of an element to increase the effectiveness of PDT was our aim. Therefore, this in vitro study evaluates the susceptibility ofa biofilm formed by Streptococcus mutans on metallic surface of orthodontic accessories under the application of PDT with a surfactant. Samples obtained from blades of orthodontic bands （NiCr）, where used as adhesion surface for the biofilm. They were treated with 1 mg/ml of curcumin, with 0.1% of sodium dodecyl sulfate and exposed to 30 J/cm^2 of light （455 nm）. Eight experimental groups were studied, including the positive and negative controls. The results show that the group with PDT and surfactant had a significant decrease （p 〈 0.001） in viability. In this case, the reduction observed was of 5.6 log10 （CFU/ml） in comparison to the control group. We have shown that, even though the biofilm is very tough and complex structure, we are able to promote almost the complete inactivation ofS. mutans in systems similar to an orthodontic treated patient＇s mouth.
