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日本“安政霍乱”时期汉方医家的研究与心得
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作者 曾毅 肖永芝 《中医药导报》 2024年第7期6-11,共6页
1858-1860年日本霍乱大流行时期,長松文忠、奥田実、浅田宗伯、大村宽、高嶋久貫、马杉质、菅間元章、和爾子譲、尾台榕堂等9位汉方医家通过临床探索、参阅中国医籍、实地调研,研究和总结了霍乱的病因、病机,成功治愈霍乱并撰写了相关... 1858-1860年日本霍乱大流行时期,長松文忠、奥田実、浅田宗伯、大村宽、高嶋久貫、马杉质、菅間元章、和爾子譲、尾台榕堂等9位汉方医家通过临床探索、参阅中国医籍、实地调研,研究和总结了霍乱的病因、病机,成功治愈霍乱并撰写了相关著作。9位汉方医家均意识到霍乱有别于《黄帝内经》等典籍中的传统“霍乱”。他们主张,霍乱源于非常之气;霍乱为外感病,多见实证,临床采用汗、吐、泻、温、清、外治等法。9位汉方医家在著作中总结各自的心得,展示他们诊疗霍乱的独到经验,主要包括:以患者的腹泻物性状、发热与否、是否腹痛区分霍乱与一般急性胃肠道疾病;尺泽及委中穴有血络隆起是霍乱将要发作的征兆,急以刺络法令泻其血,减少患者病重的可能;患者尺脉洪大,是当用生石膏之脉,尺脉沉实且腹部胀满,则是应用大黄之脉;患者剧烈的呕吐是治疗霍乱的一大难点,可用葛根加半夏汤倍生姜,或以罂粟壳为君药的济世饮,或冷服小半夏加茯苓汤,以期减缓呕吐症状,令患者能够接受后续治疗。 展开更多
关键词 霍乱 安政霍乱” 汉方医学 文献研究
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宋代封建政府的招安政策与农民起义的反招安斗争
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作者 周宝珠 《河南大学学报(社会科学版)》 1975年第3期59-63,共5页
一、北宋的阶级斗争形势与侯蒙上书 在宋代,阶级矛盾和阶级斗争一直是异常尖锐激烈的。北宋初年,四川地区曾发生王小波、李顺领导的农民起义。他们针对当时贫富不均的严重问题,提出了“均贫富”的革命主张,在我路农民战争史上具有极其... 一、北宋的阶级斗争形势与侯蒙上书 在宋代,阶级矛盾和阶级斗争一直是异常尖锐激烈的。北宋初年,四川地区曾发生王小波、李顺领导的农民起义。他们针对当时贫富不均的严重问题,提出了“均贫富”的革命主张,在我路农民战争史上具有极其重要的历史地位。如果说,在北宋初年农民和地主阶级的矛盾和斗争形势还只是局部地区紧张的话,那末,到了宋太宗、宋真宗之际,便开始在全国紧张起来。当时一些官僚惊呼“下动之象已萌”清楚地反映了这时阶级关系的对立状况。及至宋仁宗统治时期,农民起义的浪潮大有“遍满天下”之势。 展开更多
关键词 农民起义军 安政 招安斗争 农民革命 宋政府 叛徒 《要录》 反动派 武力镇压 首领
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19世纪中叶欧美列强对日本的冲击与德川幕府的应对 被引量:2
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作者 李永春 刘钦 万映辰 《辽宁师范大学学报(社会科学版)》 2013年第5期754-758,共5页
在19世纪50年代,欧美列强以坚船利炮相威胁,力图迫使德川幕府打开锁国之门。面对日益严重的"西力东侵",德川幕府并非毫无作为,而是汲取清朝战败缔约的教训,对长期实行的消极的锁国政策进行了调整,采取了对外开港通商的积极应... 在19世纪50年代,欧美列强以坚船利炮相威胁,力图迫使德川幕府打开锁国之门。面对日益严重的"西力东侵",德川幕府并非毫无作为,而是汲取清朝战败缔约的教训,对长期实行的消极的锁国政策进行了调整,采取了对外开港通商的积极应对方针,实施了组建近代陆海军、设置洋学研究机构并培养洋学人才、破格启用人才等顺应时代发展的幕政改革。比之中国清朝政府,德川幕府为何能够如此快速做出反应?关键原因在于当政者的文化背景和国际意识,尤其是兰学的长足发展开阔了日本朝野的视野,使得幕府能够正视日本与欧美国家的实力差距。幕府当局在开明幕臣的主持下,力所能及地趋利避害,以图存救亡,对近代日本历史进程产生了重大影响。 展开更多
关键词 德川幕府 外压 应对 安政改革
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论魏源思想对日本明治维新运动的影响 被引量:2
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作者 李汉武 《求索》 1987年第6期64-72,共9页
任何一个民族的文化都有其民族性和世界性的双重特点,衡量一个民族文化先进与否的标志,不在于这两种属性孰多孰少,而在于这个民族能否在适合自己民族实际情况的基础上,善于吸收外来文化的优秀成分和保持发扬本民族文化中的优秀遗产成分... 任何一个民族的文化都有其民族性和世界性的双重特点,衡量一个民族文化先进与否的标志,不在于这两种属性孰多孰少,而在于这个民族能否在适合自己民族实际情况的基础上,善于吸收外来文化的优秀成分和保持发扬本民族文化中的优秀遗产成分,并把二者有机地结合起来,克服本民族文化的糟粕。 展开更多
关键词 《海国图志》 魏源 日本明治维新 日本民族 年刊 象山 安政 夷情 幕末 吉田松阴
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荀子的“以政裕民”思想及其现代意义 被引量:1
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作者 廖建平 《湖南师范大学社会科学学报》 1998年第5期58-62,共5页
荀子“以政裕民”的政治主张是对儒家裕民富国思想的继承和发展。荀子的“以政裕民”思想的可贵之处,在于看到了人民富裕与政治经济政策的内在联系,指出了“以政裕民”必须营造宽松的经济环境,执行强硬的治吏措施,“裕民”的目的是... 荀子“以政裕民”的政治主张是对儒家裕民富国思想的继承和发展。荀子的“以政裕民”思想的可贵之处,在于看到了人民富裕与政治经济政策的内在联系,指出了“以政裕民”必须营造宽松的经济环境,执行强硬的治吏措施,“裕民”的目的是为了使政局稳定。荀子的这一政治主张客观上保护了广大民众的利益,体现了儒家的民本主义思想。邓小平理论中的共同富裕思想是“以政裕民” 展开更多
关键词 荀子 以政裕民 治吏 安政
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Comparison of the Evolution of Genetically Modified Food Safety Policies between the United States and the European Union 被引量:1
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作者 佘丽娜 张雅琼 +4 位作者 张俐 贾阳映 徐文婷 谢世清 梁泉 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2012年第9期2024-2028,共5页
With the research on and development of Genetically Modified Food (GMF), people's attitude toward GMF may fall into two divergent categories, typical- ly represented by the United States(US) and the European Unio... With the research on and development of Genetically Modified Food (GMF), people's attitude toward GMF may fall into two divergent categories, typical- ly represented by the United States(US) and the European Union(EU), respectively. The former follows a "sound science principle" and firmly objects to the precautionary principle, namely a permissive policy of positive support of and voluntary labelling on GMF; while the latter adopts a cautiously precautionary principle, requiring mandatory labelling and traceability. From the standpoint of regulatory principles, together with corresponding supervisory measures and relevant provisions, this paper compared the execution of directives and provisions on GMF from the initial policies enacted by the US and EU to current situation combined with the track and analysis of latest polic ies issued. 展开更多
关键词 Genetically Modified Food (GMF) the United States(US) the EuropeanUnion(EU) POLICIES SAFETY Precautionary principle Labelling
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论中国传统思想对日本近代思想形成的促进作用 被引量:1
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作者 李秀石 《史林》 CSSCI 1996年第2期91-100,共10页
论中国传统思想对日本近代思想形成的促进作用李秀石日本近代思想是围绕结束封建的幕藩领主统治、实现国家统一的主题形成的。在日本国内资本主义因素的成长尚不能冲破封建制度的束缚,来自西方的近代人文思想又未被广泛传播的历史条件... 论中国传统思想对日本近代思想形成的促进作用李秀石日本近代思想是围绕结束封建的幕藩领主统治、实现国家统一的主题形成的。在日本国内资本主义因素的成长尚不能冲破封建制度的束缚,来自西方的近代人文思想又未被广泛传播的历史条件下,欧美列强以巨舰重炮相威胁迫使日... 展开更多
关键词 中国传统思想 近代思想 吉田松阴 天皇 《焚书》 攘夷 李卓吾 藩主 管仲 安政
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日本华侨经济史的考察
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作者 罗晃潮 《暨南学报(哲学社会科学版)》 CSSCI 1994年第1期46-56,66,共12页
本文对日本华侨经济的发展状况作了初步考察,认为:日本江户幕府初期,在长崎已有华侨从事中日贸易;后来,由于中日两国实行闭关锁国,至18世纪中叶中日贸易式微、华侨经济日趋衰落;从“安政开国”至甲午战前,华侨经济迅速发展,... 本文对日本华侨经济的发展状况作了初步考察,认为:日本江户幕府初期,在长崎已有华侨从事中日贸易;后来,由于中日两国实行闭关锁国,至18世纪中叶中日贸易式微、华侨经济日趋衰落;从“安政开国”至甲午战前,华侨经济迅速发展,但战后不久,日本颁布限制中国劳工入境的敕令,使华侨经济只能向特定方向发展;两次大战之间,华侨经济地位大为下降;战后初期,华侨经济恢复较快,但仍以贸易和“三刀”行业为主;70年代,传统的华侨经济只有饮食业一枝独秀;80年代,不仅以饮食业、小型贸易、娱乐业以及自由职业和受薪阶层为主,而且在经营管理和设备等方面也已科学化和现代化。 展开更多
关键词 安政开国” 日本华侨经济 “三刀”行业 经营管理 现代化
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将那无价值的撕破给人看——从《西厢记》看我国喜剧的民族特点
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作者 严安政 《克拉玛依学刊》 1989年第Z1期91-94,共4页
中国古典戏曲中是否存在悲、喜剧之别?这是一个学术界尚有争议的问题。王季思等先生在《中国十大古典喜剧集·前言》中说:“戏剧作为一种艺术,归根结蒂来源于现实生活。中国古代戏曲是古代中国人民生活的反映。生活中本来存在着悲... 中国古典戏曲中是否存在悲、喜剧之别?这是一个学术界尚有争议的问题。王季思等先生在《中国十大古典喜剧集·前言》中说:“戏剧作为一种艺术,归根结蒂来源于现实生活。中国古代戏曲是古代中国人民生活的反映。生活中本来存在着悲剧性成喜剧性的现象,这些现象必然会反映到戏曲作品中来,这就决定了中国古代戏曲必然有悲剧和喜剧的存在。”这个论证是有说服力的。那么,为什么还会继续存在中国古代戏曲中是否存在悲、喜剧之别的争议呢?恐怕关键是硬用西方关于悲、喜剧的概念来套中国戏曲。其实。 展开更多
关键词 喜剧 《西厢记》 无价值 民族特点 中国古代戏曲 安政 王季思 戏曲作品 中国古典戏曲 古代中国人
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Underutilized Plant Species in Far West Nepal 被引量:1
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作者 Ripu M.KUNWAR Laxmi MAHAT +3 位作者 Lila N.SHARMA Keshab P.SHRESTHA Hiroo KOMINEE Rainer W.BUSSMANN 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2012年第5期589-600,共12页
Underutilized plant species help to alleviate common food insufficiencies by providing alternative food supply. They also complement primary health care, furnishing raw materials where the cultivation of staple cereal... Underutilized plant species help to alleviate common food insufficiencies by providing alternative food supply. They also complement primary health care, furnishing raw materials where the cultivation of staple cereal crops is least feasible and health care is pursued indigenously. Research and promotion of extraction, utilization, and conservation of underutilized species lead to exploration of new staple crops and motivate people to consume in a sustainable manner. The present study describes the current status, uses, and management of underutilized plant species in Far West Nepal. The relative importance of 49 underutilized plant species was computed employing a Relative Importance (RI) technique. The use-values assigned to the species fall into six use-categories: beverage, fodder, food & edible, medicinal, vegetable and veterinary. A total of 22 species appeared in multiple use-categories, while the rest were characterized by a single use-category. Based on relative importance and frequency, Ficus semicordata, Debregesia longifolia, Girardinea diversifolia, Hydrocotyle nepalensis, Garuga pinnata, Aloe vera and Pyrus pashia offer the most potential for future. Underutilized plants proved important to folk medicine and food. These species persist because they remain useful to local people as means of subsistence, production, and primary health care. The findings are important so far as they point up the role of underutilized plants in national food security policy and health care, spelling out their potentialities and cross cutting relationships. 展开更多
关键词 Underutilized plants Relativeimportance (R/) Ethnoveterinary use CONSERVATION Nepal
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NATO and EU Strategies for the Black Sea Region: The Challenge of Power Balance in New Security Environment
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作者 Siyana Lutzkanova 《Journal of Shipping and Ocean Engineering》 2017年第5期210-215,共6页
The article gives an overview on the dynamic political processes in the Black Sea region after some major geostrategic changes posing instability concerns in the region. The aim is to summarise the policy tendencies o... The article gives an overview on the dynamic political processes in the Black Sea region after some major geostrategic changes posing instability concerns in the region. The aim is to summarise the policy tendencies of the international organisations (NATO and EU) towards Russia and to present some analytical thoughts on current Euro-Atlantic strategies. Proposed is a different way of thinking based on the "congagement" approach. 展开更多
关键词 Black sea region security balance of power NATO and EU security policies in the Black Sea.
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Digital Signatures for e-Government - a Long-Term Security Architecture 被引量:1
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作者 Przemyslaw Blaskiewicz Przemyslaw Kubiak Miroslaw Kutylowski 《China Communications》 SCIE CSCD 2010年第6期64-70,共7页
The framework of digital signature based on qualified certificates and X. 509 architecture is known to have many security risks. Moreover, the fraud prevention mechanism is fragile and does not provide strong guarante... The framework of digital signature based on qualified certificates and X. 509 architecture is known to have many security risks. Moreover, the fraud prevention mechanism is fragile and does not provide strong guarantees that can be necessary for flow of legal documents. Mediated signatures have been proposed as a mechanism to effectively disable signature cards. In this paper we propose further mechanisms that can be applied on top of mediated RSA, compatible with the standard format, but providing security guarantees even in the case when RSA becomes broken or the keys are compromised. The solution is immune tokleptographic attacks as only deterministic algorithms are used on user's side. 展开更多
关键词 MRSA PSS padding hash based signatures kleptography deterministic signatures
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Information Security Service Support-Helping End-Users Cope with Security
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作者 Rahul Rastogi Rossouw yon Solms 《Computer Technology and Application》 2011年第2期137-147,共11页
Organizations implement an information security program for the protection of their information assets. The success of such a program depends primarily on the effective implementation and execution of associated infor... Organizations implement an information security program for the protection of their information assets. The success of such a program depends primarily on the effective implementation and execution of associated information security policies and controls. These policies and controls depend directly upon the resultant behavior and actions of end-users. Hence, end-users play a critical role in the effective implementation and running of an information security program in any organization. However, end-users are often unable to navigate and comprehend the various policies, controls and associated issues. Support to end-users is therefore a vital element, but is often neglected by present information security management systems. In the service industry, support to customers is established as an important determinant of customer perceived service quality. This paper applies the same philosophy to provide support to end-users, who are the customers of the Information Security Service. 展开更多
关键词 Information security management information security service management (ISSM) service management informationsecurity service support (ISSS) service encounter.
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Analysis and Comparison of Safety and Fatigue Comfort of Postal Bicycles Based on Finite Element Method and sEMG 被引量:5
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作者 项忠霞 李亚南 +1 位作者 田冠 常振元 《Transactions of Tianjin University》 EI CAS 2013年第4期272-278,共7页
The safety and the fatigue comfort were compared between a domestic and a Japanese postal bicycle. Firstly, the fatigue comfort of these two kinds of bicycles was evaluated by surface electromyographic signal (sEMG) e... The safety and the fatigue comfort were compared between a domestic and a Japanese postal bicycle. Firstly, the fatigue comfort of these two kinds of bicycles was evaluated by surface electromyographic signal (sEMG) experiment, in which human lower limb muscle groups were research objects, and the average EMG (AEMG) index and median frequency (MF) were chosen as the evaluation indexes. Secondly, the safety of these two kinds of bicycle frames was analyzed and compared by using the finite element analysis. The results show that the riding fatigue comfort of the Japanese postal bicycle is better, and the Japanese postal bicycle frame is more safe and reasonable although both the postal bicycles meet the requirement for strength. Finally, based on the above analysis, the frame structure and related parameters of the domestic postal bicycle were improved with reference to the Japanese postal bicycle and biomechanics theory. 展开更多
关键词 postal bicycle surface electromyogram signal evaluation index fatigue comfort finite element analysis
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Security Interests and Policy Priorities of China and EU
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作者 Wang Yingfan WangWei 《International Understanding》 2007年第2期31-34,共4页
I. The common security interests shared by China and EU At present, the connotation of security has expanded from the traditional sense of security to non-traditional one, covering politics, economy, finance, science... I. The common security interests shared by China and EU At present, the connotation of security has expanded from the traditional sense of security to non-traditional one, covering politics, economy, finance, science and technology, culture and many other areas. Economic globalization makes countries more interdependent on each other. In other words, it makes the interests of different countries further intertwine. The advancement of science and technology and the progress of informationization accelerate the exchange and communication among people. However at the same time, WMDs proliferation, international terrorism, transnational crimes, climate change, highly communicable diseases among people and animals and other common challenges facing human society increase the common interests of security for different counties and strengthen their interdependence. From this broad perspective, there do exist common security interests between China and EU. 展开更多
关键词 中国 欧盟 安全问题 政治优先权
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Establish the Long-effective Mechanism of Food Security in China 被引量:1
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作者 Wang Yapeng Fang Lingli 《Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment》 北大核心 2008年第1期25-35,共11页
In despite of fluctuation in recent years, the grain yield in China has been increasing, which relieves the conflict between supply and demand and turns the situation of food security good. However, because of the rap... In despite of fluctuation in recent years, the grain yield in China has been increasing, which relieves the conflict between supply and demand and turns the situation of food security good. However, because of the rapid increase in food consumption, the conflicts of food quality and structure in the supply and demand equilibrium has become more and more obvious and the long-effective mechanism of food security has not been estab-lished yet. It is found that the factors affecting food security in China include the scarcity and dissipation of resources, farmers’ low enthusiasm in planting grain crops and the inappropriateness of the emphasis and measures of macro-economic regulation and control. Therefore, the authors advance to optimize resources allocation, strengthen macro-economic regulation and control and policy stimulation and establish the mechanism of allocating grain production cost, to set up the long-effective mechanism of China food security and keep it stable in the long term. 展开更多
关键词 food security long-effective mechanism resource allocation policy stimulation cost allocation
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Evaluation of the Policies for Seismic Retrofit of Buildings
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《Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture》 2012年第4期391-402,共12页
The Japanese government has established a law to Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake in 1995. This paper evaluates the incentives of the policies related to the law. The data shows achieved in 2018 if the current trends of impro... The Japanese government has established a law to Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake in 1995. This paper evaluates the incentives of the policies related to the law. The data shows achieved in 2018 if the current trends of improvement will supports the school retrofit works that are carried out by the promote seismic retrofitting of buildings immediately after the Great effectiveness, efficiency, administrative feasibility and technological that the policy target of seismic safety of existing buildings will be be continued. In the field of school buildings, national government local governments, using the guideline for school retrofit. However, there are still significant issues to make all buildings safe. One of the key challenges is how to persuade the elderly who would not invest their money to improve their old houses. Another challenge is to make owners understand the importance and have priority in improving the seismic safety of buildings. Currently many efforts are taken by the local governments, such as holding seminars for local communities, preparing financial support schemes, providing consultancy for seismic assessment and making earthquake hazard maps. This paper also provides comments on the improvement of the current policies for promoting seismic retrofit based on some international experiences in retrofit of buildings. 展开更多
关键词 Seismic retrofit school retrofit seismic assessment hazard map financial support POLICY
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The Representation of Foreign Politics Through Media Prism: A Case Study of 2008 U.S. Presidential Election Campaign in Mainland Chinese Newspapers
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作者 CUI Yan 《Journal of Literature and Art Studies》 2013年第5期312-326,共15页
As the most powerful nation in the world, the U.S. presidential election campaign drew a lot of attention from the media around the world. This study examines how party-orientation and market-orientation newspapers in... As the most powerful nation in the world, the U.S. presidential election campaign drew a lot of attention from the media around the world. This study examines how party-orientation and market-orientation newspapers in China presented 2008 U.S. presidential election campaign to their audience, and how the news serve for the reproduction of domestic dominated ideology and safeguarding domestic political needs. It adopted content analysis and textual analysis as research methods. The results show that Party newspaper tends to serve domestic political ideology, while market-oriented newspapers showed mixed attitude toward political demand. Although market newspapers, out of the concern of political safety, employed some tactic to comply with the demand of dominated ideology to some extent, their cooperation was limited since their main purpose was commercial success and their presentation even destroy the aim of linkage politics for the reasons include acquiring market profit and/or pursuit of professional value. This study is a positive effort to make up the current research gap of studies on international news in Chinese media. 展开更多
关键词 linkage politics presidential election campaign Chinese newspapers
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Privatizing War
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作者 Kenneth Shaw 《Chinese Business Review》 2015年第7期360-366,共7页
Since the advent of the U.S. Iraq war in 2003, there has seen an acceleration of functions and operations which used to be the province of government become increasingly privatized. The division of the world into publ... Since the advent of the U.S. Iraq war in 2003, there has seen an acceleration of functions and operations which used to be the province of government become increasingly privatized. The division of the world into public and private spheres is at the center of a debate over what the government's role should be. This paper seeks to frame the debate between public and private roles regarding security issues. The military has been one area where there has never been a question of nation states outsourcing or privatizing. This paper will touch on the use of mercenaries and then discuss the growing use of corporate entities to supply what were considered to be traditional military activities and objectives. 展开更多
关键词 PRIVATIZATION mercenaries private armies security firms
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Energy Security in the European Union
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作者 Laura Rodrlguez-Fernandez Rosa Maria Fernandez-Martin 《Journal of Energy and Power Engineering》 2012年第3期379-386,共8页
According to the European Commission, the three challenges that Europe must face related to energy are sustainability, security of supply and reaching an effective competitiveness in the internal energy market. To mee... According to the European Commission, the three challenges that Europe must face related to energy are sustainability, security of supply and reaching an effective competitiveness in the internal energy market. To meet these three challenges, the Commission deems necessary to implement a common energy policy. To this end, it proposed an action plan based on the effective creation of an internal energy market, the solidarity between Member States and security of supply for oil, gas and electricity, Therefore energy security is one of the main concerns, and so one of the priorities, of the new European energy policy proposed by the Commission. This paper tries to show that even though energy has been on the basis of what we call today European Union, it has been extremely complicated to get a common energy policy. Bearing this in mind, energy security has been one of the main areas of consensus that has led EU to the mentioned Commission proposal, and we can see now the first steps of the so much wanted common energy policy. 展开更多
关键词 ENERGY energy policy European Union energy security security of supply.
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