Irregular economy develops very rapidly in world economy these years and it is also one of the most difficult problems in economy to research and estimate.There are several methods to estimate the scale of irregular e...Irregular economy develops very rapidly in world economy these years and it is also one of the most difficult problems in economy to research and estimate.There are several methods to estimate the scale of irregular economy.The author defines the range of irregular economy and interprets the characteristics of irregular economy and tells us the connection with the National Accounting System.Secondly,according to the characteristics of Chinese currency flow,the author revises the method of currency ratio and makes empirical analysis and receives a good result.展开更多
层状云降水中,0℃层融化效应会引起雷达反射率因子局部增大,若不进行订正,则会高估雷达估测的降水。本文提出一种基于新一代天气雷达反射率因子垂直廓线的0℃层亮带自动识别与订正算法,以减小因亮带造成的降水高估。本研究首先对降水类...层状云降水中,0℃层融化效应会引起雷达反射率因子局部增大,若不进行订正,则会高估雷达估测的降水。本文提出一种基于新一代天气雷达反射率因子垂直廓线的0℃层亮带自动识别与订正算法,以减小因亮带造成的降水高估。本研究首先对降水类型进行分类,在SHY95的基础上增加了垂直方向的反射率因子三维特征,避免亮带的反射率因子高值区被误识别为对流云区;其次,在层状云区识别出一个可能的亮带影响区,在其中查找亮带,采用旋转坐标系法精确的识别亮带的顶、底高度;最后,利用最小二乘法拟合亮带上、下层的斜率,平滑垂直廓线(VPR,Vertical Profile of Reflectivity)的显著突出部分。将该方法应用于北京地区2010—2011年10次包含亮带的降水过程,得到的亮带订正后的均方根误差ERMS、平均绝对误差ERMA、平均相对误差BRM值较初值均有显著减小(分别减小1.538 mm,0.417和0.468)。结果表明,该方法能够有效地识别与订正亮带,使得定量测量降水精度有所提高。展开更多
文摘Irregular economy develops very rapidly in world economy these years and it is also one of the most difficult problems in economy to research and estimate.There are several methods to estimate the scale of irregular economy.The author defines the range of irregular economy and interprets the characteristics of irregular economy and tells us the connection with the National Accounting System.Secondly,according to the characteristics of Chinese currency flow,the author revises the method of currency ratio and makes empirical analysis and receives a good result.
文摘层状云降水中,0℃层融化效应会引起雷达反射率因子局部增大,若不进行订正,则会高估雷达估测的降水。本文提出一种基于新一代天气雷达反射率因子垂直廓线的0℃层亮带自动识别与订正算法,以减小因亮带造成的降水高估。本研究首先对降水类型进行分类,在SHY95的基础上增加了垂直方向的反射率因子三维特征,避免亮带的反射率因子高值区被误识别为对流云区;其次,在层状云区识别出一个可能的亮带影响区,在其中查找亮带,采用旋转坐标系法精确的识别亮带的顶、底高度;最后,利用最小二乘法拟合亮带上、下层的斜率,平滑垂直廓线(VPR,Vertical Profile of Reflectivity)的显著突出部分。将该方法应用于北京地区2010—2011年10次包含亮带的降水过程,得到的亮带订正后的均方根误差ERMS、平均绝对误差ERMA、平均相对误差BRM值较初值均有显著减小(分别减小1.538 mm,0.417和0.468)。结果表明,该方法能够有效地识别与订正亮带,使得定量测量降水精度有所提高。
