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山西农业大学农学院小麦染色体工程与分子育种团队简介
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《植物遗传资源学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2023年第5期F0003-F0003,共1页
山西农业大学农学院小麦染色体工程与分子育种团队依托山西农业大学和作物遗传与分子改良山西省重点实验室,现有研究人员8名,其中研究员1名,副研究员3名,具有博士学位5人。主要开展基于染色体工程的小麦种质创新、新基因挖掘与分子育种... 山西农业大学农学院小麦染色体工程与分子育种团队依托山西农业大学和作物遗传与分子改良山西省重点实验室,现有研究人员8名,其中研究员1名,副研究员3名,具有博士学位5人。主要开展基于染色体工程的小麦种质创新、新基因挖掘与分子育种应用研究。 展开更多
关键词 小麦染色体 分子育种 染色体工程 山西农业大学 分子改良 小麦种质 博士学位 基因挖掘
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同工酶基因定位在小麦染色体工程中的应用 被引量:1
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作者 高明君 董树刚 《遗传》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 1995年第S1期19-23,共5页
关键词 异源同工酶 异附加系 基因定位 易位染色体 小麦染色体 外源染色体 异源基因 普通小麦 小麦基因 双二倍体
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不同环境温度下普通小麦-野生二粒小麦染色体臂置换系的农艺性状差异分析
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作者 王中秋 吴雅露 +3 位作者 汤孟玲 方春 缪娜娜 蒋玉蓉 《江苏农业科学》 2019年第10期79-84,共6页
以普通小麦品种中国春(chinese spring,简称CS)为遗传背景的野生二粒小麦染色体臂置换系(chromosome arm substitution lines,简称CASLs)为材料,在小麦全生育期内利用大棚模拟气温升高,以大田栽培环境为对照,研究温度升高对不同置换系... 以普通小麦品种中国春(chinese spring,简称CS)为遗传背景的野生二粒小麦染色体臂置换系(chromosome arm substitution lines,简称CASLs)为材料,在小麦全生育期内利用大棚模拟气温升高,以大田栽培环境为对照,研究温度升高对不同置换系穗部和籽粒性状形成的影响。结果表明:在2个生长环境对比下,各置换系材料的性状均有不同变化,材料间存在着显著的差异。各置换系的籽粒性状对温度的敏感性不同,粒长和千粒质量受大棚环境的影响较大,以2BS和4AL置换系的千粒质量增幅最大,分别为23.9%、30.6%;对于穗部性状,各置换系穗长和小穗数受温度的影响变化较大,所以小穗密度也呈现出较大的变化幅度,其中2BS置换系的增幅最大,高达42.5%,1AL置换系次之,为15.0%。因此可见不同置换系材料的籽粒和穗部性状对不同环境温度的敏感性不同。 展开更多
关键词 小麦染色体臂置换系 温度 生育期 穗部 籽粒性状
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干旱胁迫对小麦叶片细胞膜透性效应的染色体定位研究 被引量:9
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作者 白志英 李存东 +1 位作者 冯丽肖 孙红春 《华北农学报》 CSCD 北大核心 2007年第1期1-4,共4页
通过测定干旱胁迫下小麦中国春-Synthetic 6x染色体代换系及其亲本品种中国春(受体)和Synthetic 6x(供体)叶片的相对电导率和K+相对渗出率,对调控干旱胁迫下功能叶片细胞膜稳定性的染色体进行了定位研究。结果表明,1D,2D,2B,3A,3D,4A,4B... 通过测定干旱胁迫下小麦中国春-Synthetic 6x染色体代换系及其亲本品种中国春(受体)和Synthetic 6x(供体)叶片的相对电导率和K+相对渗出率,对调控干旱胁迫下功能叶片细胞膜稳定性的染色体进行了定位研究。结果表明,1D,2D,2B,3A,3D,4A,4B,6A,6B,7D和7A等染色体代换系的相对电导率和K+相对渗出率均显著或极显著低于中国春,而其他代换系差异均不显著。表明Synthetic 6x的1D,2B,2D,3A,3D,4A,4B,6A,6B,7D和7A染色体上具有耐旱性基因,而其他染色体与Synthetic 6x的耐旱性无关。研究结果可为小麦抗旱遗传育种研究提供参考依据。 展开更多
关键词 小麦染色体代换系 细胞膜透性 染色体调控
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小麦流式分选染色体的鉴定 被引量:2
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作者 郭东伟 胡甘 +4 位作者 佘茂云 李连城 陈明 徐兆师 马有志 《作物学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2008年第1期89-94,共6页
构建染色体BAC文库对于简化拥有庞大基因组植物的测序、物理作图和基因克隆具有重要意义。分选染色体的鉴定是整个文库构建过程的关键环节之一。本文在前人研究的基础上,分别采用荧光原位杂交(FISH)、原位PCR(C-PRINS)和PCR方法,对分选... 构建染色体BAC文库对于简化拥有庞大基因组植物的测序、物理作图和基因克隆具有重要意义。分选染色体的鉴定是整个文库构建过程的关键环节之一。本文在前人研究的基础上,分别采用荧光原位杂交(FISH)、原位PCR(C-PRINS)和PCR方法,对分选的6VS、3B和7BL染色体(臂)进行了鉴定。结果表明,这3种方法都能对流式分选染色体进行有效鉴定,其中PCR法速度最快、重复性好,但结果不具可视性、也不能鉴定分选纯度;而FISH法重复性好、结果具有可视性、能够鉴定分选纯度,但操作程序复杂耗时,受探针特异性的限制;C-PRINS法则综合了上述两种方法的优点,是最具潜力的鉴定方法,如果与液体原位杂交相结合,有可能为解决染色体分选问题开辟新的途径,但也存在重复性差、杂交信号不稳定的缺点。 展开更多
关键词 小麦染色体 流式分选 PCR 原位PCR 荧光原位杂交
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具簇毛麦6V染色体小麦抗白粉病NIL培育与抗病遗传特性分析
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作者 李委潞 孙英龙 +2 位作者 孙中洁 刘晓颖 王振英 《天津农业科学》 CAS 2012年第2期5-7,共3页
以小麦-簇毛麦染色体代换系6A/6V为Pm21抗病基因供体,农艺性状优良的京411为轮回亲本,经杂交和连续7代回交、自交后培育了小麦抗白粉病近等基因系(京411♀/6A/6V♂//京4117),白粉病抗性遗传和抗病性检测表明,Pm21呈显性单基因遗传,近等... 以小麦-簇毛麦染色体代换系6A/6V为Pm21抗病基因供体,农艺性状优良的京411为轮回亲本,经杂交和连续7代回交、自交后培育了小麦抗白粉病近等基因系(京411♀/6A/6V♂//京4117),白粉病抗性遗传和抗病性检测表明,Pm21呈显性单基因遗传,近等基因系强抗白粉病。 展开更多
关键词 近等基因系 小麦-簇毛麦染色体代换系 白粉病
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有利于鉴定小麦—大麦重组染色体的大麦等位基因特定扩增子
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作者 KojiMurai ShinTaketa 《国外作物育种》 2001年第3期53-53,共1页
关键词 小麦-大麦染色体重组系 大麦 等位基因 特定扩增子
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基于EST-PCR的簇毛麦染色体特异分子标记筛选及应用 被引量:9
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作者 曹亚萍 曹爱忠 +1 位作者 王秀娥 陈佩度 《作物学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2009年第1期1-10,共10页
为定位、转移和利用簇毛麦有益基因,通过花粉辐射,获得一批包括小麦-簇毛麦易位染色体的异染色体系。为了鉴定这批材料中的簇毛麦染色体身份,根据水稻、小麦的EST序列合成了240对STS引物,其中34对引物在普通小麦中国春与簇毛麦间存在多... 为定位、转移和利用簇毛麦有益基因,通过花粉辐射,获得一批包括小麦-簇毛麦易位染色体的异染色体系。为了鉴定这批材料中的簇毛麦染色体身份,根据水稻、小麦的EST序列合成了240对STS引物,其中34对引物在普通小麦中国春与簇毛麦间存在多态性;进一步对亲本及簇毛麦二体异附加系进行PCR扩增分析,标记CINAU32-300可追踪簇毛麦1V染色体,标记CINAU33-280、CINAU34-510、CINAU35-1100、CINAU36-380和CINAU37-400可追踪簇毛麦2V染色体,标记CINAU38-250可追踪簇毛麦3V染色体,标记CINAU39-950和CINAU40-800可追踪簇毛麦4V染色体,标记CINAU41-745和CINAU42-1050可追踪簇毛麦5V染色体,标记CINAU44-765和CINAU45-495可追踪簇毛麦7V染色体。加上本室已开发的2个6V染色体特异标记,用这些簇毛麦特异分子标记鉴定辐射诱导材料的部分回交后代,选育出小麦背景中只包含单条簇毛麦染色体的整套1V至7V染色体系,同时有18条易位染色体的簇毛麦身份得到确定,表明这些标记可以用来快速检测普通小麦背景中的簇毛麦染色体或染色体片段。 展开更多
关键词 小麦 簇毛麦 EST-STS标记 小麦-簇毛麦异染色体 小麦-簇毛麦易位染色体
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小麦-黑麦易位系的创制和利用 被引量:10
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作者 张文俊 胡含 《遗传》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 1995年第S1期1-5,共5页
关键词 易位系 小麦染色体 小麦-黑麦 普通小麦 代换系 异源附加系 染色体交换 山羊草 部分同源配对 染色体配对
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小麦-黑麦易位系的鉴定 被引量:5
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作者 张文俊 胡含 《遗传》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 1995年第S1期6-8,共3页
关键词 易位系 染色体分带 小麦-黑麦 小麦染色体 遗传标记 黑麦染色体 生化标记 细胞学标记 遗传图谱 原位杂交
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小麦主栽品种中的1RS分布和兰考90(6)系列白粉病新抗源 被引量:7
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作者 王祖华 牛吉山 +2 位作者 郭天财 张丽娜 沈天民 《西北植物学报》 CAS CSCD 2004年第7期1216-1220,共5页
利用黑麦染色体臂1RS的特异性PCR标记,对黄淮麦区138个小麦主栽品种、系进行了PCR扩增,结果表明:有42.0%的小麦品种、系携带1RS染色体臂。以六倍体小黑麦MzalenodBeer为黑麦染色体供体,培育的兰考90(6)系列小麦品系是新的小麦-黑麦1BL/... 利用黑麦染色体臂1RS的特异性PCR标记,对黄淮麦区138个小麦主栽品种、系进行了PCR扩增,结果表明:有42.0%的小麦品种、系携带1RS染色体臂。以六倍体小黑麦MzalenodBeer为黑麦染色体供体,培育的兰考90(6)系列小麦品系是新的小麦-黑麦1BL/1RS易位系。这些品系对小麦白粉病具有很高的抗性,是小麦抗白粉病育种的新抗源。对兰考90(6)系列品系白粉病抗性进行了研究,结果表明,兰考90(6)系列品系的抗谱与许多已经知道的小麦抗白粉病基因的抗谱不同,并具有数量抗性特点。 展开更多
关键词 小麦1RS染色体 白粉病 兰考90(6)
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小麦新品种——小冰麦33 被引量:1
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作者 刘颖 《农村百事通》 1999年第13期12-12,共1页
高产、高蛋白、多抗小麦新品种——小冰麦33,近日由东北师范大学科研人员研制成功。小冰麦33是运用现代生物技术,通过染色体工程途径将野生天兰冰草抗病、高蛋白基因转移到小麦染色体上。
关键词 小冰麦 小麦新品种 天兰冰草 过染 高蛋白 小麦染色体 基因转移 现代生物技术 师范大学 抗叶锈病
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小麦5DL上基于SNP序列的新SSR标记的开发 被引量:1
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作者 陈芳 李文静 +2 位作者 邓志英 田纪春 陈建省 《山东农业大学学报(自然科学版)》 CSCD 2016年第4期494-500,共7页
本文旨在利用粗山羊草的物理图谱及其基因组序列数据库开发普通小麦5DL上Xbarc320-Xwmc215区段与SNP紧密连锁的SSR标记(SNP-SSR)。对AT5D4910-AT5D5010之间的90个SNP位点进行了序列延伸和本地Blast,利用SSR Hunter软件查找SNP位点附近的... 本文旨在利用粗山羊草的物理图谱及其基因组序列数据库开发普通小麦5DL上Xbarc320-Xwmc215区段与SNP紧密连锁的SSR标记(SNP-SSR)。对AT5D4910-AT5D5010之间的90个SNP位点进行了序列延伸和本地Blast,利用SSR Hunter软件查找SNP位点附近的SSR位点,并利用Primer5设计引物。结果共发现109个SSR位点。对其中的72个位点设计引物,得到了47个5DL上Xbarc320-Xwmc215区段的SNP-SSR标记。对新开发的标记,利用22个小麦品种及人工合成小麦材料、中国春缺体四体及DH群体进行了有效性、多态性的检测及染色体定位。结果表明,这些标记均能扩增出稳定清晰的带型,并且均定位与小麦5D染色体上;其中四个标记Xtdc11、Xtdc31、Xtdc38、Xtdc44整合到了豫麦57与花培3号群体的5DL图谱上。 展开更多
关键词 SNP-SSR 标记开发 小麦5D染色体
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Genetic Differentiation of A and B Chromosomes Between Common Wheat and Wild Emmer as Revealed by RFLP Analysis 被引量:4
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作者 戎均康 刘宝 《Acta Botanica Sinica》 CSCD 2000年第5期502-506,共5页
To investigate chromosome differentiation of genome A and B between common wheat and wild emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides (Koern.) Bowden), the authors conducted a RFLP analysis of the two species usin... To investigate chromosome differentiation of genome A and B between common wheat and wild emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides (Koern.) Bowden), the authors conducted a RFLP analysis of the two species using 153 genomic, cDNA and chromosome_specific probes. 75.8% of the probes had detected hybridization polymorphism in at least one of the five restriction enzymes. However, the polymorphic probes were unevenly distributed among different homoeologous groups, between different genomes and in different regions of a single chromosome. Homoeologous group 1 possessed the highest level of polymorphism (96.2%), followed by group 6 and 2 (84.6% and 82.1% respectively). In contrast, only 60%-67% of probes of the other four groups was polymorphic. In most groups the number of probes capable of detecting B chromosome polymorphism was slightly higher than that revealing A chromosome difference (totally 51.8% vs 43.1%). In a single chromosome, RFLP was predominant in the distal region (65.1%) and showed a decreasing trend from the proximal (46.2%) to the pericentric (42.4%) regions. The results suggest that there exists a substantial amount of DNA polymorphism between the A and B chromosomes of common wheat and those of wild emmer wheat, indicating that a considerable degree of genetic differentiation has taken place in the A and B genoms of two species during evolution from wild emmer to common wheat. The extent of the genetic differentiation may vary among different homoeologous groups, between A and B chromosomes and in different regions of individual chromosome. 展开更多
关键词 WHEAT chromosome_arm substitution lines genetic differentiation RFLP species evolution
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Scanning Electron Microscope Observation of Three Species on Pollen Grain Morphology and Leaf Epiderm Shape in Gramineae Triticeae 被引量:3
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作者 张珊珊 周印富 +4 位作者 林小虎 秦素平 张燕 张志雯 王秋涛 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2009年第2期86-89,共4页
The pollen grain morphology and leaf epiderm shape and microstructural of Rye( Secale cereal ), common wheat and Octoploid Trititrigia were observed with the scanning electron microscope(SEM). The results revealed... The pollen grain morphology and leaf epiderm shape and microstructural of Rye( Secale cereal ), common wheat and Octoploid Trititrigia were observed with the scanning electron microscope(SEM). The results revealed that there were great differences between pollen and leaf epiderm microcosmic morphology in three species. Such characteristics of Octoploid tnticalwere between those of common wheat and Rye. The morphology of pollen grain and leaf epiderm shape counld be used as an index for taxonomy for genera and species, and had somewhat scientif- ic references to identify new multiploid species created by chromosome engineering. 展开更多
关键词 GRAMINEAE Pollen grain Leaf epiderm shape SEM
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Characterization of Two Groups of Low_copy and Specific DNA Sequences Isolated from Chromosome 7B of Common Wheat 被引量:2
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作者 刘振兰 董玉柱 刘宝 《Acta Botanica Sinica》 CSCD 2002年第8期946-950,共5页
Recent work revealed that, in the genomes of polyploid wheat, there exists a class of low_copy and chromosome_specific sequences that are labile upon polyploid formation. This class of sequences was proposed to play ... Recent work revealed that, in the genomes of polyploid wheat, there exists a class of low_copy and chromosome_specific sequences that are labile upon polyploid formation. This class of sequences was proposed to play a critical role in the stabilization and establishment of nascent plant polyploids as new species. To further study this issue, five wheat chromosome 7B_specific sequences, isolated from common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by chromosome microdissection, were characterized. The sequences were studied by genomic Southern hybridizations on a collection of polyploid wheats and their diploid progenitors. Four sequences hybridized to all polyploid species, but at the diploid level to only species closely related to the B_genome of polyploid wheat. This indicates that these sequences originated with the divergence of the diploid species, and was then vertically transmitted to polyploids. One sequence hybridized to all species at both the diploid and polyploid levels, suggesting its elimination after the polyploid wheat formation. The hybridization of this sequence to two synthetic polyploid wheats indicated that sequence elimination is a rapid event and probably related to methylation status of the sequence. Based on the above results, we suggest that selective changes of low_copy sequences occur rapidly after polyploid formation, which may contribute to the differentiation of chromosomes in newly formed allopolyploid wheats. 展开更多
关键词 polyploid wheat chromosome_specific DNA sequences sequence elimination DNA methylation genome evolution
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Combination of Homoeologous Pairing Gene phKL and Ph2-deficiency in Common Wheat and Its Meiotic Behaviors in Hybrids with Alien Species 被引量:1
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作者 刘登才 郑有良 +3 位作者 颜泽洪 周永红 魏育明 兰秀锦 《Acta Botanica Sinica》 CSCD 2003年第9期1121-1128,共8页
The combined lines having both phKL and Ph2-deficiency were obtained in the genetic background of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landrace. These lines had normal fertility. In the wheat combined lines X Aegilops ... The combined lines having both phKL and Ph2-deficiency were obtained in the genetic background of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landrace. These lines had normal fertility. In the wheat combined lines X Aegilops variabilis Eig. (or rye), a significant increase in the chiasmata of homoeologous pairing was shown by the phKL+Ph2(-) plants with respect to their phKL+Ph2 sibs, which indicates that Ph2-deficiency and phKL showed an additive effect on promoting pairing. The effects were shown in the increment of rod bivalents, ring bivalents and trivalents and reduction of univalents, of which, reduction of univalents was mainly due to the increment of rod bivalents. The combined lines are probably more desirable materials for alien gene transferring than phKL or Ph2(-) lines alone. In comparison with that of ph1b X Ae. variabilis (or rye), phKL+Ph2(-) X Ae. variabilis (or rye) show higher (or similar) numbers of rod bivalents, while the total chromosome pairing level significantly reduced that ascribed to the decrement in ring bivalents and multivalents. These results probably indicate the different genetic mechanisms for Ph1 and Ph2 or phKL on controlling homoeologous pairing. 展开更多
关键词 Triticum aestivum homoeologous pairing Ph gene metaphase- I pairing interspecific hybrid
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Using Subtracted AFLP to Efficiently Mark an Alien Chromosome Fragment in Wheat Background 被引量:7
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作者 柴建芳 吴志明 +2 位作者 赵和 Andre LAROCHE 王海波 《Acta Botanica Sinica》 CSCD 2003年第4期379-383,共5页
为解决AFLP中样品间共同片段对多态性片段识别的干扰 ,作者建立了一种“减法AFLP”标记技术 ,并运用这种技术成功对小麦中的外源染色体片段进行了标记。运用该技术 ,样品间的共同扩增片段显著减少 ,在非变性聚丙稀酰胺凝胶上带型差异十... 为解决AFLP中样品间共同片段对多态性片段识别的干扰 ,作者建立了一种“减法AFLP”标记技术 ,并运用这种技术成功对小麦中的外源染色体片段进行了标记。运用该技术 ,样品间的共同扩增片段显著减少 ,在非变性聚丙稀酰胺凝胶上带型差异十分明显 ,多态性片段很容易分辨。其真实性通过将其中两条成功转换成外源染色体片段特异的SCAR标记得到了验证。减法AFLP标记技术的建立为标记作物中的外源染色体片段提供了一种有效手段。 展开更多
关键词 subtracted AFLP subtractive hybridization AFLP alien chromosome fragment WHEAT
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Effects of Homologous Genome 7 on Gas Exchange and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters of Wheat 被引量:4
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作者 魏爱丽 畅志坚 +1 位作者 王会琴 詹海仙 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2010年第1期25-27,共3页
[Objective]To study the effects of homologous chromosomes 7 (7A,7B and 7D) on wheat photosynthesis and provide theoretical basis for breeding high photosynthetic efficiency wheat by genetic,physiological and biochem... [Objective]To study the effects of homologous chromosomes 7 (7A,7B and 7D) on wheat photosynthesis and provide theoretical basis for breeding high photosynthetic efficiency wheat by genetic,physiological and biochemical means. [Method]The Triticum asetivum cultivar Chinese Spring wheat and nullisomic wheat (N7A,N7B and N7D) were planted in greenhouse. The photosynthetic indexes were determined at early filling stage. [Result]The photosynthetic rate (Pn),stomatal conductance (Gs),primary photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm),actual chemical efficiency of photosystem II (ФPS II) and apparent electron transfer rate of photosystem II (ETR) were significantly lower in the N7A and N7B than in the Chinese Spring (P0.05). The photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance was significantly lower in the N7D than in the Chinese Spring (P0.05). The Fv/Fm,ФPS II,ETR of N7D were higher than that of the Chinese Spring without significant difference. [Conclusion]The homologous chromosomes 7A and 7B have positive effects on photosynthetic rate and have relationship with stomatal conductance and photoreaction (chlorophyll fluorescence parameters). The homologous chromosome 7D has negative effects on photosynthetic rate,which is mainly related to stomatal conductance rather than photoreaction. 展开更多
关键词 Chromosome deletion Triticum asetivum Photosynthetic characteristics Fluorescence parameters
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Meiotic Behavior of 1BL/1RS Translocation Chromosome and Alien Chromosome in Two Tri-genera Hybrids 被引量:3
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作者 李义文 李振声 贾旭 《Acta Botanica Sinica》 CSCD 2002年第7期821-826,共6页
The behavior of wheat-rye translocation chromosome and alien chromosome including Thinopyrum and Haynaldia chromosome at meiosis was investigated in two hybrids by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Misdivisio... The behavior of wheat-rye translocation chromosome and alien chromosome including Thinopyrum and Haynaldia chromosome at meiosis was investigated in two hybrids by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Misdivision of translocation chromosome at anaphase I and rye chromatin micronucleus at tetrad stage were observed, A plant with one normal 1BL/1RS translocation chromosome and one 1BL/1RS translocation chromosome deleted about 1/3 of rye chromosome arm in length was identified. One plant with wheat-Thinopyrum non-Robertson translocation chromosome was also detected in the F-2 population of Yi4212 x Yi4095. That could be the results of unequal misdivision of wheat-rye 1BL/1RS translocation chromosome and Thinopyrum chromosome during meiosis. No interaction between translocation chromosome and alien chromosome at meiosis was supported by the data of the distribution frequencies of translocation chromosome and Thinopyrum or Haynaldia chromosome in the progeny of two hybrids. The results may be useful to cultivate new germplasms with different length of rye 1R short arm and wheat-alien non-Robertson translocation tines under wheat background. 展开更多
关键词 MEIOSIS chromatin univalent 1BL/1RS translocation chromosome fluorescence in situ hybridization
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