Aim To investigate the pharmacokinetics of levosimendan administered as intravenous injection in Chinese healthy volunteers. Methods Twelve subjects were randomly divided into three groups. Each subject in the group 1...Aim To investigate the pharmacokinetics of levosimendan administered as intravenous injection in Chinese healthy volunteers. Methods Twelve subjects were randomly divided into three groups. Each subject in the group 1 was administered at a single dose of 6 μg·kg^-1 levosimendan by intravenous bolus injection within 10 min, and then followed by intravenous infusion for 4 h at a dose per minute of 0.05 μg·kg^-1·min^-1. Similarly, each subject in the group 2 （or group 3） was given by intravenous bolus injection at a dose of 12 μg·kg^-1 （or 18 μg·kg^-1） followed by an infusion at a dose of 0.10 μg·kg^-1·min^-1 （or 0.15 μg·kg^-1·min^-1） levosimendan. Blood samples were collected at 0 （prior to dosing）, 0.17, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4.25, 4.5, 4.75, 5, 5.5, 6, 7, 8 and 10 h after administrations. Levosimendan concentrations in plasma were measured by LC-MS/MS method. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a software Drug and Statistic （version 2.0）. Results After administrations of levosimendan at various dose levels, the half-life （t1/2） values were 1.50 ± 0.35, 1.64 ± 0.25 and 1.54 ± 0.39 h; the maximal concentrations after injections （Co） were 9.54 ± 3.90, 15.95 ± 7.84 and 28.46 ± 10.74 ng·mL^-1; the areas under concentration-time （AUCo-t （t=7.8）） were 33.63± 9.34,54.39 ± 15.34 and 78.36 ± 23.74 ng ·mL^-1·h, respectively. Conclusion The C0 and A UC0-tvalues of levosimendan exhibited a dose-dependent manner, respectively. No differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters were observed between male and female Chinese subjects.展开更多
Faba bean(Vicia faba L.)has been identified as a rich source of L-DOPA,which is used in treating Parkinson's disease.Biosynthesis and accumulation of active substances such as L-DOPA in plant tissues may interact ...Faba bean(Vicia faba L.)has been identified as a rich source of L-DOPA,which is used in treating Parkinson's disease.Biosynthesis and accumulation of active substances such as L-DOPA in plant tissues may interact with growing conditions and processing methods.Accumulation trends of L-DOPA in various faba bean organs and the effect of drought stress and N fertilization on L-DOPA content were studied in a field and two greenhouse experiments.The influence of various processing methods on L-DOPA content of faba bean tissues was evaluated.The highest L-DOPA content was detected in fresh leaves(22.4 mg g^(-1))followed by flowers,young pods,mature seeds,and roots.Regardless of processing method,L-DOPA concentration in faba bean tissues was significantly reduced when tissues were boiled or dried.Among various methods of processing,freezing had the lowest detrimental effect,reducing L-DOPA concentrations by 24.1%and 21.1%in leaves and seeds,respectively.Drought stress elevated L-DOPA concentration,and maximum L-DOPA(23.3 mg g^(-1)of biomass)was extracted from plants grown under severe drought stress.However,L-DOPA yield(L-DOPA concentration×biomass)was compromised,owing to the adverse influence of drought stress on dry matter production.No significant difference in L-DOPA concentration was detected among various N application rates.展开更多
To obtain the coupling characteristics between slab wave-guides including left-handed material,we modify the coupled wave equations by using Maxwell’s equations. First,we obtain new-coupled wave equations and new-cou...To obtain the coupling characteristics between slab wave-guides including left-handed material,we modify the coupled wave equations by using Maxwell’s equations. First,we obtain new-coupled wave equations and new-coupling coefficient. Second,the coupling between two identical five-layer slab wave-guides where their cores are left-handed material,but their claddings are right-handed materials is studied. The coupling coefficient for even TE mode which is more complex than that of the riglt-handed material slab wave guides,is obtained.展开更多
A completely open cavity, which is formed by three 60-degree wedges of a photonic crystal with negative effective index, is introduced. Such a realizable design for a completely open cavity (i.e., without any reflecti...A completely open cavity, which is formed by three 60-degree wedges of a photonic crystal with negative effective index, is introduced. Such a realizable design for a completely open cavity (i.e., without any reflective wall in the radial direction) is the first of its kind ever been reported. Due to the negative effective refraction index of the photonic crystal and the high transmission at the photonic crystal/air interfaces, a closed path with zero optical path is formed for the resonance. The present open cavity is very suitable for use as a biosensor as it has large air wedges into which a liquid measurand can flow easily.展开更多
The realization of double negative electromagnetic wave media, sometimes called left-handed materials (LHMs) or metamaterials, have drawn considerable attention in the past few years. We will examine the possibility o...The realization of double negative electromagnetic wave media, sometimes called left-handed materials (LHMs) or metamaterials, have drawn considerable attention in the past few years. We will examine the possibility of extending the concept to acoustic waves. We will see that acoustic metamaterials require both the effective density and bulk modulus to be simultaneously negative in the sense of an effective medium. If we can find a double negative (negative density and bulk modulus) acoustic medium, it will be an acoustic analogue of Veselago’s medium in electromagnetism, and share many novel consequences such as negative refractive index and backward wave characteristics. We will give one example of such a medium.展开更多
In order to gain circularly polarized light of left-handed and right-handed rotation by using a fixed device, a left-handed and right-handed rotation double function circular polarizer is designed with two λ/4 retard...In order to gain circularly polarized light of left-handed and right-handed rotation by using a fixed device, a left-handed and right-handed rotation double function circular polarizer is designed with two λ/4 retarders and one polarizer, and its operating principle is analysed by matrix optical means. The result indicates that when the monochromatic light enters this circular polarizer in the positive direction and the negative direction,the emergent light should be circularly polarized light,of left-handed and right-handed rotation respectively. The testing system has been established to verify the above results.展开更多
Objective To examine the clinical application of pulsed Doppler tissue imaging(DTI)for regional left ventricular function assessment in normal subjects. Methods We examined 50 healthy subjects(range 12-42 years,mean a...Objective To examine the clinical application of pulsed Doppler tissue imaging(DTI)for regional left ventricular function assessment in normal subjects. Methods We examined 50 healthy subjects(range 12-42 years,mean age 28.3 ± 6.9 years)using pulsed Doppler tissue imaging to characterize the diastolic and systolic velocity profiles of mitral annulus. Recordings were made along the long axis in the apical 4-chamber, 2-chamber, and long apical views of 6 sites(posterior-septum, lateral, anterior, inferior, anterior-septum, posterior)at the mitral annulus. Myocardial velocities were determined with use of variance F statistical analysis. Correlation analysis was employed to test the relationship between age and mitral annular velocities. Results Both early diastolic and systolic velocities at the septum were lower than other sites. There were no differences in mitral annulus late diastolic velocities. Mean early diastolic and systolic velocities was negatively correlated with age. Conclusions Doppler tissue imaging can directly reflect regional left ventricular function.展开更多
文摘Aim To investigate the pharmacokinetics of levosimendan administered as intravenous injection in Chinese healthy volunteers. Methods Twelve subjects were randomly divided into three groups. Each subject in the group 1 was administered at a single dose of 6 μg·kg^-1 levosimendan by intravenous bolus injection within 10 min, and then followed by intravenous infusion for 4 h at a dose per minute of 0.05 μg·kg^-1·min^-1. Similarly, each subject in the group 2 （or group 3） was given by intravenous bolus injection at a dose of 12 μg·kg^-1 （or 18 μg·kg^-1） followed by an infusion at a dose of 0.10 μg·kg^-1·min^-1 （or 0.15 μg·kg^-1·min^-1） levosimendan. Blood samples were collected at 0 （prior to dosing）, 0.17, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4.25, 4.5, 4.75, 5, 5.5, 6, 7, 8 and 10 h after administrations. Levosimendan concentrations in plasma were measured by LC-MS/MS method. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a software Drug and Statistic （version 2.0）. Results After administrations of levosimendan at various dose levels, the half-life （t1/2） values were 1.50 ± 0.35, 1.64 ± 0.25 and 1.54 ± 0.39 h; the maximal concentrations after injections （Co） were 9.54 ± 3.90, 15.95 ± 7.84 and 28.46 ± 10.74 ng·mL^-1; the areas under concentration-time （AUCo-t （t=7.8）） were 33.63± 9.34,54.39 ± 15.34 and 78.36 ± 23.74 ng ·mL^-1·h, respectively. Conclusion The C0 and A UC0-tvalues of levosimendan exhibited a dose-dependent manner, respectively. No differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters were observed between male and female Chinese subjects.
基金partially funded through a graduate student grant received from Northeast Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education(GNE14-078)
文摘Faba bean(Vicia faba L.)has been identified as a rich source of L-DOPA,which is used in treating Parkinson's disease.Biosynthesis and accumulation of active substances such as L-DOPA in plant tissues may interact with growing conditions and processing methods.Accumulation trends of L-DOPA in various faba bean organs and the effect of drought stress and N fertilization on L-DOPA content were studied in a field and two greenhouse experiments.The influence of various processing methods on L-DOPA content of faba bean tissues was evaluated.The highest L-DOPA content was detected in fresh leaves(22.4 mg g^(-1))followed by flowers,young pods,mature seeds,and roots.Regardless of processing method,L-DOPA concentration in faba bean tissues was significantly reduced when tissues were boiled or dried.Among various methods of processing,freezing had the lowest detrimental effect,reducing L-DOPA concentrations by 24.1%and 21.1%in leaves and seeds,respectively.Drought stress elevated L-DOPA concentration,and maximum L-DOPA(23.3 mg g^(-1)of biomass)was extracted from plants grown under severe drought stress.However,L-DOPA yield(L-DOPA concentration×biomass)was compromised,owing to the adverse influence of drought stress on dry matter production.No significant difference in L-DOPA concentration was detected among various N application rates.
基金Creative Graduate Student Foundation of Shanghai University (A.16-0107-07-001)
文摘To obtain the coupling characteristics between slab wave-guides including left-handed material,we modify the coupled wave equations by using Maxwell’s equations. First,we obtain new-coupled wave equations and new-coupling coefficient. Second,the coupling between two identical five-layer slab wave-guides where their cores are left-handed material,but their claddings are right-handed materials is studied. The coupling coefficient for even TE mode which is more complex than that of the riglt-handed material slab wave guides,is obtained.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No. 2004CB719801), and the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China (Nos. 90101024 and 60378037)
文摘A completely open cavity, which is formed by three 60-degree wedges of a photonic crystal with negative effective index, is introduced. Such a realizable design for a completely open cavity (i.e., without any reflective wall in the radial direction) is the first of its kind ever been reported. Due to the negative effective refraction index of the photonic crystal and the high transmission at the photonic crystal/air interfaces, a closed path with zero optical path is formed for the resonance. The present open cavity is very suitable for use as a biosensor as it has large air wedges into which a liquid measurand can flow easily.
基金Project (No. CA02/03.SC01) supported by Research Grant Council(RGC) Hong Kong, China
文摘The realization of double negative electromagnetic wave media, sometimes called left-handed materials (LHMs) or metamaterials, have drawn considerable attention in the past few years. We will examine the possibility of extending the concept to acoustic waves. We will see that acoustic metamaterials require both the effective density and bulk modulus to be simultaneously negative in the sense of an effective medium. If we can find a double negative (negative density and bulk modulus) acoustic medium, it will be an acoustic analogue of Veselago’s medium in electromagnetism, and share many novel consequences such as negative refractive index and backward wave characteristics. We will give one example of such a medium.
文摘In order to gain circularly polarized light of left-handed and right-handed rotation by using a fixed device, a left-handed and right-handed rotation double function circular polarizer is designed with two λ/4 retarders and one polarizer, and its operating principle is analysed by matrix optical means. The result indicates that when the monochromatic light enters this circular polarizer in the positive direction and the negative direction,the emergent light should be circularly polarized light,of left-handed and right-handed rotation respectively. The testing system has been established to verify the above results.
文摘Objective To examine the clinical application of pulsed Doppler tissue imaging(DTI)for regional left ventricular function assessment in normal subjects. Methods We examined 50 healthy subjects(range 12-42 years,mean age 28.3 ± 6.9 years)using pulsed Doppler tissue imaging to characterize the diastolic and systolic velocity profiles of mitral annulus. Recordings were made along the long axis in the apical 4-chamber, 2-chamber, and long apical views of 6 sites(posterior-septum, lateral, anterior, inferior, anterior-septum, posterior)at the mitral annulus. Myocardial velocities were determined with use of variance F statistical analysis. Correlation analysis was employed to test the relationship between age and mitral annular velocities. Results Both early diastolic and systolic velocities at the septum were lower than other sites. There were no differences in mitral annulus late diastolic velocities. Mean early diastolic and systolic velocities was negatively correlated with age. Conclusions Doppler tissue imaging can directly reflect regional left ventricular function.
