We evaluated the effects of diets with different crude protein(CP) levels on growth performance, rumen fermentation and bacterial communities in weaned Chahaer lambs. 128 weaned Chahaer lambs((20.56±1.43) kg body...We evaluated the effects of diets with different crude protein(CP) levels on growth performance, rumen fermentation and bacterial communities in weaned Chahaer lambs. 128 weaned Chahaer lambs((20.56±1.43) kg body weight; ram:ewe 1:1) aged(61±1.85) d were randomly allotted to one of four diets with CP content of 11.17%(T1), 12.06%(T2), 13.40%(T3) or 14.36%(T4). Ruminal fermentation parameters were measured and bacterial communities were analysed using PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(PCR-DGGE) and quantitative PCR. The average daily gain and feed utilization efficiency in T3 were higher than those in the other groups(P<0.05), although the dry matter intake and metabolizable energy intake were similar. Total volatile fatty acid concentration in the ruminal fluid of T3 was lower than that of T1(P=0.011), T2(P=0.008) or T4(P=0.309). The ammonia nitrogen concentration and acetate/propionate ratio of ruminal fluid were significantly higher in lambs fed the higher CP diets, whereas the molar concentrations of propionate and butyrate of ruminal fluid were lower. The rumen bacterial community was similar in T2 and T3 which shown more stable and diverse rumen microbes ecosystem compared with the other groups. The DGGE profiles and phylogenetic tree indicated that Bacteroides uniformis, Clostridium alkalicellulosi, Alkalibaculum bacchi and Saccharofermentans sp. were common bacterium of Chahaer lamb rumen. B. uniformis, C. alkalicellulosi, Saccharofermentans sp. and Gracilibacter thermotolerans, which belong to the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phyla, were the dominant species in the rumen of lambs fed 13.40% CP. However, Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens were not different in lambs fed different CP diets. Therefore, it could be concluded that B. uniformis, C. alkalicellulosi, A. bacchi and Saccharofermentans sp. were common bacteria of Chahaer lamb rumen. Furthermore, the dietary CP of 13.04% could improve performance and change rumen fermentation model by increasing the dominant species' peak intensities of B. uniformis, C. alkalicellulosi, Saccharofermentans sp. and Gracilibacter thermotolerans and stabilizing rumen microbial ecosystem.展开更多
This study was carried out to determine the effect of replacement of forage fiber sources from alfalfa and Leymus chinensis with nonforage fiber sources(NFFS) from dried distillers grains with solubles and corn germ m...This study was carried out to determine the effect of replacement of forage fiber sources from alfalfa and Leymus chinensis with nonforage fiber sources(NFFS) from dried distillers grains with solubles and corn germ meal on calves growth, rumen development and blood parameters. 48 female and 12 male calves((110.55±15.36) kg of body weight and 12 wk of age) were assigned randomly to four dietary treatments(15 calves/treatment) in a completely randomized design. Experimental diets were: 0% NFFS(control), 9% NFFS(group 1), 18% NFFS(group 2), 27% NFFS(group 3), and contained equivalent neutral detergent fiber and total digestible nutrients, respectively. The dry matter intake was similar among diets, averaging 3.33 kg d-1, and no differences were detected for body weight, withers height, body length and heart girth. In addition, the development of rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum also were similar among diets. Dry matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber digestibilities increased with the increasing levels of NFFS in the experimental diets, but had no significant effect. Blood urea nitrogen, total protein and glubulin were not affected by the dietary treatment, but group 3 resulted in the highest(P<0.05) concentrations of glucose and the lowest(P<0.05) concentrations of triglycerides and albumin. In conclusion, dried distillers grains with solubles(DDGS) and corn germ meal(CGM) were available and alternative fiber sources for Holstein calf diets.展开更多
Dry matter intake(DMI) prediction models of NRC(2001),Fox et al.(2004) and Fuentes-Pila et al.(2003) were targeted in the present study,and the objective was to evaluate their prediction accuracy with feeding trial da...Dry matter intake(DMI) prediction models of NRC(2001),Fox et al.(2004) and Fuentes-Pila et al.(2003) were targeted in the present study,and the objective was to evaluate their prediction accuracy with feeding trial data of 32 lactating Holstein cows fed two total mixed rations with different forage source.Thirty-two cows were randomly assigned to one of two total mixed ration groups:a ration containing a mixed forage(MF) of 3.7%Chinese wildrye,28.4%alfalfa hay and 26.5%corn silage diet and another ration containing 33.8%corn stover(CS) as unique forage source.The actual DMI was greater in MF group than in CS group(P=0.064).The NRC model to predict DMI resulted in the lowest root mean square prediction error for both MF and CS groups(1.09 kg d^(-1) vs.1.28 kg d^(-1)) and the highest accuracy and precision based on concordance correlation coefficient for both MF and CS diet(0.89 vs.0.87).Except the NRC model,the other two models presented mean and linear biases in both MF and CS diets when prediction residuals were plotted against predicted DMI values(P<0.001).The DMI variation in MF was caused by week of lactation(55.6%),milk yield(13.9%),milk fat percentage(7.1%) and dietary neutral detergent fiber(13.3%),while the variation in CS was caused by week of lactation(50.9%),live body weight(28.2%),milk yield(8.4%),milk fat percentage(5.2%) and dietary neutral detergent fibre(3.8%).In a brief,the NRC model to predict DMI is comparatively acceptable for lactating dairy cows fed two total mixed rations with different forage source.展开更多
Energy intake prepartum is critically important to health,milk performance,and profitability of dairy cows.The objective of this study was to determine the effect of reduced energy density of close-up diets on dry mat...Energy intake prepartum is critically important to health,milk performance,and profitability of dairy cows.The objective of this study was to determine the effect of reduced energy density of close-up diets on dry matter intake(DMI),lactation performance and energy balance(EB) in multiparous Holstein cows which were housed in a free-stall bam and fed for ad libitum intake.Thirty-nine dry cows were blocked and assigned randomly to three groups fed a high energy density diet[HD,n = 13;6.8 MJ of net energy for lactation(NE_L)/kg;14.0%crude protein(CP)],or a middle energy density diet(MD,n = 13;6.2 MJ NE_L/kg;14.0%CP),or a low energy density diet(LD,n = 13;5.4 MJ NE_L/kg;14.0%CP) from d 21 before expected day of calving.After parturition,all cows were fed the same lactation diet to d 70 in milk(DIM).The DMI and NE_L intake prepartum were decreased by the reduced energy density diets(P< 0.05).The LD group consumed 1.3 kg/d(DM) more diet compared with HD group in the last 24 h before calving.The milk yield and the postpartum DMI were increased by the reduced energy density diet prepartum(P< 0.05).The changes in BCS and BW prepartum and postpartum were not affected by prepartum diets.HD group had higher milk fat content and lower lactose content compared with LD group during the first 3 wk of lactation(P< 0.05).The energy consumption for HD,MD and LD groups were 149.8%,126.2%and 101.1%of their calculated energy requirements prepartum(P< 0.05),and 72.7%,73.1%and 75.2%during the first 4 wk postpartum,respectively.In conclusion,the low energy density prepartum diet was effective in controlling NE_L intake prepartum,and was beneficial in increasing DMI and milk yield,and alleviating negative EB postpartum.展开更多
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of vitamin E(VE; 1 500 or 3 000 international units(IU) d^(–1)) and fat(2% of dry matter calcium salt of soybean oil) supplementation during the transition peri...The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of vitamin E(VE; 1 500 or 3 000 international units(IU) d^(–1)) and fat(2% of dry matter calcium salt of soybean oil) supplementation during the transition period on feed intake, milk yield and composition and blood metabolites of dairy cows. 48 multiparous Holstein cows were randomly assigned into one of four treatments in a 2×2 factorial arrangement of vitamin E and supplemental dietary fat during the transition period. Treatments were: 1) 1 500 IU d^(–1) vitamin E without fat supplementation(1 500VE–F); 2) 1 500 IU d^(–1) vitamin E with fat supplement(1 500VE+F); 3) 3 000 IU d^(–1) vitamin E without fat supplementation(3 000VE–F); and 4) 3 000 IU d^(–1) vitamin E with fat supplement(3 000VE+F). Dietary treatments were initiated at approximately 28 d before expected calving dates and continued through 28 d postpartum. Dry matter intake(DMI) was unaffected(P>0.05) by prepartum treatment. Regardless of vitamin E supplementation, DMI was greater(P<0.01) in fat-supplemented cows compared with un-supplemented cows(19.60 vs. 18.45 kg d^(–1); SEM=0.42) during the postpartum period. Energy balance and body weight were not affected(P>0.05) by treatments. Postpartum diets had no significant effect on milk yield or milk composition. Plasma concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids, glucose, and insulin were not affected(P>0.05) by treatments. Regardless of vitamin E supplementation, plasma β-hydroxybutyrate concentration was greater(P<0.05) in fat-supplemented cows compared with un-supplemented cows during the postpartum period. These results showed no indication of positive effects on lactation performance associated with vitamin E and dietary fat supplement in transition cows.展开更多
The effects of supplemental carbohydrate (CHO) sources on milk yield and composition, nitrogen (N) balance,and ruminal fermentation were evaluated in lactating dairy cows fed energy-deficient total mixed rations (TMR)...The effects of supplemental carbohydrate (CHO) sources on milk yield and composition, nitrogen (N) balance,and ruminal fermentation were evaluated in lactating dairy cows fed energy-deficient total mixed rations (TMR) . Fifty-six lactating Holstein cows (36. 8 ± 3. 4 kg / d of milk yield; 152 ± 26 days in milk [DIM]) were randomly assigned to one of four diets: (1) basal TMR (control) ; (2) basal TMR + 1. 25 kg / d sucrose (SUC) ; (3) basal TMR + 2. 12 kg /d steam-flaked corn (SFC) ; (4) basal TMR + 2. 23 kg / d wheat (WHE) . The trial lasted 70 days,including the first 10 days of adaptation. Simultaneously, a 4 × 4 Latin square trial was conducted with four ruminally cannulated cows of similar DMI (Dry Matter Intake) fed on the above four diets. Each testing period lasted 18 days: 15 days for adaptation and 3 days for sampling. Cows fed SUC-,SFC-,and WHE-supplemented diets produced 1. 6,2. 9,and 0. 8 kg / d,respectively,more milk than those on the basal TMR control diet,but the difference was not significant (P = 0. 160) . However,the production of energy-corrected milk of cows fed CHO-supplemented diets improved significantly (P = 0. 020) ,and the yield of 4% fatcorrected milk tended to be higher (P = 0. 063) than in control animals. Percentages of milk protein,lactoseand solids-not-fat (SNF) increased significantly in cows fed CHO-supplemented diets (P < 0. 05) ,and yields of milk protein and SNF were significantly higher (P <0. 05) ; yields of milk fat and lactose were somewhat higher (P < 0. 10) . Cows receiving supplementary CHO diets consumed more DM (Dry Matter) (P = 0. 023) ; however,there was no significant difference in N retention,digestibility,or utilization efficiency among the treatments (P > 0. 10) . The average ruminal pH was lowest in cows supplemented with SUC,while that in cows supplemented with SFC and WHE was only slightly reduced (P = 0. 025) . Ruminal NH 3 -N concentration was highest with no supplementary CHO (P = 0. 017) ,and changes in postfeeding time were similar across the diets. Total volatile fatty acid concentration was significantly lower in control animals than in those on SUCand WHE-supplemented diets (P = 0. 001) ; significant dietary responses were observed in the concentrations of acetate,butyrate,and branchedchain fatty acids and in the acetate-to-propionate ratio (P <0. 001) . These results indicate that supplementation with different CHO sources in energy-deficient diets substantially improved the balance of energy and N in the rumen,altered ruminal fermentation,and improved lactation performance in dairy cows.展开更多
Ten healthy weaning piglets of Landrace × Yorkshire( LY) in good body condition with body weight of( 24 ±1. 27) kg were selected,and ten weaning piglets of Berkshire × LY( BLY) and Duroc × LY( DLY)...Ten healthy weaning piglets of Landrace × Yorkshire( LY) in good body condition with body weight of( 24 ±1. 27) kg were selected,and ten weaning piglets of Berkshire × LY( BLY) and Duroc × LY( DLY) with similar situation were also selected respectively to study the growth performance of different cross combinations. Three groups of experimental pigs were bred with conventional diet. The results showed that the average dry matter intakes of combinations of BLY and DLY were slightly decreased by 4. 97% and 5. 47% compared with the combination of LY,while average daily gain was significantly increased by 3. 13% and 1. 14%,and feed-weight ratio was decreased by 7. 94% and 6. 35%,respectively; economic benefit per pig was increased by 0. 61 and 0. 41 yuan,respectively. The combinations of BLY and DLY have better growth performance,which can be promoted in the production.展开更多
基金a part of the Public Service Program(Agriculture)Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest,China(201303062)
文摘We evaluated the effects of diets with different crude protein(CP) levels on growth performance, rumen fermentation and bacterial communities in weaned Chahaer lambs. 128 weaned Chahaer lambs((20.56±1.43) kg body weight; ram:ewe 1:1) aged(61±1.85) d were randomly allotted to one of four diets with CP content of 11.17%(T1), 12.06%(T2), 13.40%(T3) or 14.36%(T4). Ruminal fermentation parameters were measured and bacterial communities were analysed using PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(PCR-DGGE) and quantitative PCR. The average daily gain and feed utilization efficiency in T3 were higher than those in the other groups(P<0.05), although the dry matter intake and metabolizable energy intake were similar. Total volatile fatty acid concentration in the ruminal fluid of T3 was lower than that of T1(P=0.011), T2(P=0.008) or T4(P=0.309). The ammonia nitrogen concentration and acetate/propionate ratio of ruminal fluid were significantly higher in lambs fed the higher CP diets, whereas the molar concentrations of propionate and butyrate of ruminal fluid were lower. The rumen bacterial community was similar in T2 and T3 which shown more stable and diverse rumen microbes ecosystem compared with the other groups. The DGGE profiles and phylogenetic tree indicated that Bacteroides uniformis, Clostridium alkalicellulosi, Alkalibaculum bacchi and Saccharofermentans sp. were common bacterium of Chahaer lamb rumen. B. uniformis, C. alkalicellulosi, Saccharofermentans sp. and Gracilibacter thermotolerans, which belong to the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phyla, were the dominant species in the rumen of lambs fed 13.40% CP. However, Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens were not different in lambs fed different CP diets. Therefore, it could be concluded that B. uniformis, C. alkalicellulosi, A. bacchi and Saccharofermentans sp. were common bacteria of Chahaer lamb rumen. Furthermore, the dietary CP of 13.04% could improve performance and change rumen fermentation model by increasing the dominant species' peak intensities of B. uniformis, C. alkalicellulosi, Saccharofermentans sp. and Gracilibacter thermotolerans and stabilizing rumen microbial ecosystem.
基金supported by the National Key Technologies during the 12th Five-Year Plan period (2011BAD17B03)
文摘This study was carried out to determine the effect of replacement of forage fiber sources from alfalfa and Leymus chinensis with nonforage fiber sources(NFFS) from dried distillers grains with solubles and corn germ meal on calves growth, rumen development and blood parameters. 48 female and 12 male calves((110.55±15.36) kg of body weight and 12 wk of age) were assigned randomly to four dietary treatments(15 calves/treatment) in a completely randomized design. Experimental diets were: 0% NFFS(control), 9% NFFS(group 1), 18% NFFS(group 2), 27% NFFS(group 3), and contained equivalent neutral detergent fiber and total digestible nutrients, respectively. The dry matter intake was similar among diets, averaging 3.33 kg d-1, and no differences were detected for body weight, withers height, body length and heart girth. In addition, the development of rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum also were similar among diets. Dry matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber digestibilities increased with the increasing levels of NFFS in the experimental diets, but had no significant effect. Blood urea nitrogen, total protein and glubulin were not affected by the dietary treatment, but group 3 resulted in the highest(P<0.05) concentrations of glucose and the lowest(P<0.05) concentrations of triglycerides and albumin. In conclusion, dried distillers grains with solubles(DDGS) and corn germ meal(CGM) were available and alternative fiber sources for Holstein calf diets.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31572435)the National Key Research and Development Plan(2016YFD0700205,2016YFD0700201)
文摘Dry matter intake(DMI) prediction models of NRC(2001),Fox et al.(2004) and Fuentes-Pila et al.(2003) were targeted in the present study,and the objective was to evaluate their prediction accuracy with feeding trial data of 32 lactating Holstein cows fed two total mixed rations with different forage source.Thirty-two cows were randomly assigned to one of two total mixed ration groups:a ration containing a mixed forage(MF) of 3.7%Chinese wildrye,28.4%alfalfa hay and 26.5%corn silage diet and another ration containing 33.8%corn stover(CS) as unique forage source.The actual DMI was greater in MF group than in CS group(P=0.064).The NRC model to predict DMI resulted in the lowest root mean square prediction error for both MF and CS groups(1.09 kg d^(-1) vs.1.28 kg d^(-1)) and the highest accuracy and precision based on concordance correlation coefficient for both MF and CS diet(0.89 vs.0.87).Except the NRC model,the other two models presented mean and linear biases in both MF and CS diets when prediction residuals were plotted against predicted DMI values(P<0.001).The DMI variation in MF was caused by week of lactation(55.6%),milk yield(13.9%),milk fat percentage(7.1%) and dietary neutral detergent fiber(13.3%),while the variation in CS was caused by week of lactation(50.9%),live body weight(28.2%),milk yield(8.4%),milk fat percentage(5.2%) and dietary neutral detergent fibre(3.8%).In a brief,the NRC model to predict DMI is comparatively acceptable for lactating dairy cows fed two total mixed rations with different forage source.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31272469,31372334)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-37)
文摘Energy intake prepartum is critically important to health,milk performance,and profitability of dairy cows.The objective of this study was to determine the effect of reduced energy density of close-up diets on dry matter intake(DMI),lactation performance and energy balance(EB) in multiparous Holstein cows which were housed in a free-stall bam and fed for ad libitum intake.Thirty-nine dry cows were blocked and assigned randomly to three groups fed a high energy density diet[HD,n = 13;6.8 MJ of net energy for lactation(NE_L)/kg;14.0%crude protein(CP)],or a middle energy density diet(MD,n = 13;6.2 MJ NE_L/kg;14.0%CP),or a low energy density diet(LD,n = 13;5.4 MJ NE_L/kg;14.0%CP) from d 21 before expected day of calving.After parturition,all cows were fed the same lactation diet to d 70 in milk(DIM).The DMI and NE_L intake prepartum were decreased by the reduced energy density diets(P< 0.05).The LD group consumed 1.3 kg/d(DM) more diet compared with HD group in the last 24 h before calving.The milk yield and the postpartum DMI were increased by the reduced energy density diet prepartum(P< 0.05).The changes in BCS and BW prepartum and postpartum were not affected by prepartum diets.HD group had higher milk fat content and lower lactose content compared with LD group during the first 3 wk of lactation(P< 0.05).The energy consumption for HD,MD and LD groups were 149.8%,126.2%and 101.1%of their calculated energy requirements prepartum(P< 0.05),and 72.7%,73.1%and 75.2%during the first 4 wk postpartum,respectively.In conclusion,the low energy density prepartum diet was effective in controlling NE_L intake prepartum,and was beneficial in increasing DMI and milk yield,and alleviating negative EB postpartum.
基金Isfahan University of Technology (IUT, Isfahan, Iran) for their financial support of this studythe personnel of Lavark Research Station (IUT) for their diligent animal care throughout the experiment
文摘The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of vitamin E(VE; 1 500 or 3 000 international units(IU) d^(–1)) and fat(2% of dry matter calcium salt of soybean oil) supplementation during the transition period on feed intake, milk yield and composition and blood metabolites of dairy cows. 48 multiparous Holstein cows were randomly assigned into one of four treatments in a 2×2 factorial arrangement of vitamin E and supplemental dietary fat during the transition period. Treatments were: 1) 1 500 IU d^(–1) vitamin E without fat supplementation(1 500VE–F); 2) 1 500 IU d^(–1) vitamin E with fat supplement(1 500VE+F); 3) 3 000 IU d^(–1) vitamin E without fat supplementation(3 000VE–F); and 4) 3 000 IU d^(–1) vitamin E with fat supplement(3 000VE+F). Dietary treatments were initiated at approximately 28 d before expected calving dates and continued through 28 d postpartum. Dry matter intake(DMI) was unaffected(P>0.05) by prepartum treatment. Regardless of vitamin E supplementation, DMI was greater(P<0.01) in fat-supplemented cows compared with un-supplemented cows(19.60 vs. 18.45 kg d^(–1); SEM=0.42) during the postpartum period. Energy balance and body weight were not affected(P>0.05) by treatments. Postpartum diets had no significant effect on milk yield or milk composition. Plasma concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids, glucose, and insulin were not affected(P>0.05) by treatments. Regardless of vitamin E supplementation, plasma β-hydroxybutyrate concentration was greater(P<0.05) in fat-supplemented cows compared with un-supplemented cows during the postpartum period. These results showed no indication of positive effects on lactation performance associated with vitamin E and dietary fat supplement in transition cows.
基金supported by an earmarked fund for the Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System and National Natural Science Foundation of China (30901030)
文摘The effects of supplemental carbohydrate (CHO) sources on milk yield and composition, nitrogen (N) balance,and ruminal fermentation were evaluated in lactating dairy cows fed energy-deficient total mixed rations (TMR) . Fifty-six lactating Holstein cows (36. 8 ± 3. 4 kg / d of milk yield; 152 ± 26 days in milk [DIM]) were randomly assigned to one of four diets: (1) basal TMR (control) ; (2) basal TMR + 1. 25 kg / d sucrose (SUC) ; (3) basal TMR + 2. 12 kg /d steam-flaked corn (SFC) ; (4) basal TMR + 2. 23 kg / d wheat (WHE) . The trial lasted 70 days,including the first 10 days of adaptation. Simultaneously, a 4 × 4 Latin square trial was conducted with four ruminally cannulated cows of similar DMI (Dry Matter Intake) fed on the above four diets. Each testing period lasted 18 days: 15 days for adaptation and 3 days for sampling. Cows fed SUC-,SFC-,and WHE-supplemented diets produced 1. 6,2. 9,and 0. 8 kg / d,respectively,more milk than those on the basal TMR control diet,but the difference was not significant (P = 0. 160) . However,the production of energy-corrected milk of cows fed CHO-supplemented diets improved significantly (P = 0. 020) ,and the yield of 4% fatcorrected milk tended to be higher (P = 0. 063) than in control animals. Percentages of milk protein,lactoseand solids-not-fat (SNF) increased significantly in cows fed CHO-supplemented diets (P < 0. 05) ,and yields of milk protein and SNF were significantly higher (P <0. 05) ; yields of milk fat and lactose were somewhat higher (P < 0. 10) . Cows receiving supplementary CHO diets consumed more DM (Dry Matter) (P = 0. 023) ; however,there was no significant difference in N retention,digestibility,or utilization efficiency among the treatments (P > 0. 10) . The average ruminal pH was lowest in cows supplemented with SUC,while that in cows supplemented with SFC and WHE was only slightly reduced (P = 0. 025) . Ruminal NH 3 -N concentration was highest with no supplementary CHO (P = 0. 017) ,and changes in postfeeding time were similar across the diets. Total volatile fatty acid concentration was significantly lower in control animals than in those on SUCand WHE-supplemented diets (P = 0. 001) ; significant dietary responses were observed in the concentrations of acetate,butyrate,and branchedchain fatty acids and in the acetate-to-propionate ratio (P <0. 001) . These results indicate that supplementation with different CHO sources in energy-deficient diets substantially improved the balance of energy and N in the rumen,altered ruminal fermentation,and improved lactation performance in dairy cows.
基金Supported by Research Program of Science and Technology Department of Guizhou Province(QKH[2011]5020)
文摘Ten healthy weaning piglets of Landrace × Yorkshire( LY) in good body condition with body weight of( 24 ±1. 27) kg were selected,and ten weaning piglets of Berkshire × LY( BLY) and Duroc × LY( DLY) with similar situation were also selected respectively to study the growth performance of different cross combinations. Three groups of experimental pigs were bred with conventional diet. The results showed that the average dry matter intakes of combinations of BLY and DLY were slightly decreased by 4. 97% and 5. 47% compared with the combination of LY,while average daily gain was significantly increased by 3. 13% and 1. 14%,and feed-weight ratio was decreased by 7. 94% and 6. 35%,respectively; economic benefit per pig was increased by 0. 61 and 0. 41 yuan,respectively. The combinations of BLY and DLY have better growth performance,which can be promoted in the production.
