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利用不同资料估算的全球海气间淡水交换量之比较 被引量:8
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作者 周天军 《自然科学进展》 北大核心 2003年第9期946-950,共5页
利用欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)和美国国家环境预测中心(NCEP)提供的再分析资料,根据物理守恒方程,估算了全球大洋上的海气淡水通量交换量,定性比较表明,基于两套资料的估算结果所揭示的全球大洋淡水通量的年均分布型和季节循环特征... 利用欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)和美国国家环境预测中心(NCEP)提供的再分析资料,根据物理守恒方程,估算了全球大洋上的海气淡水通量交换量,定性比较表明,基于两套资料的估算结果所揭示的全球大洋淡水通量的年均分布型和季节循环特征非常相似。但是,定量比较则发现,在特定海域特别是中、低纬度,两套资料的结果相差较大,极大值甚至超过100cm/a,文中的一个重要发现是在北大西洋高纬海域存在一条净蒸发带,它主要源自冬季的瞬变扰动。 展开更多
关键词 水循环 海气淡水通量交换量 年均分布 季节循环特征 蒸发量 降水量
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Characteristics of Permafrost along Highway G214 in the Eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau 被引量:5
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作者 SHENG Yu CAO Yuan-bing +3 位作者 LI Jing WU Ji-chun CHEN Ji FENG Zi-liang 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2015年第5期1135-1144,共10页
The characteristics of the permafrost along National Highway No. 214(G214) in Qinghai province(between kilometer markers K310 and K670),including the distribution patterns of permafrost and seasonally frozen ground(SF... The characteristics of the permafrost along National Highway No. 214(G214) in Qinghai province(between kilometer markers K310 and K670),including the distribution patterns of permafrost and seasonally frozen ground(SFG), ground ice content and mean annual ground temperature(MAGT), were analyzed using a large quantity of drilling and measured ground temperature data. Three topographic units can be distinguished along the highway: the northern mountains, including Ela Mountain and Longstone Mountain; the medial alluvial plain and the southern Bayan Har Mountains.The horizontal distribution patterns of permafrost can be divided into four sections, from north to south: the northern continuous permafrost zone(K310-K460),the island permafrost zone(K460-K560), the southern continuous permafrost zone(K560-K630),and the discontinuous permafrost zone(K630-K670).Vertically, the permafrost lower limits(PLLs) of the discontinuous zone were 4200/4325 m, 4230/4350 m,and 4350/4450 m on the north-facing/south-facing slopes of Ela Mountain, Longstone Mountain and Bayan Har Mountains, respectively. The permafrost was generally warm, with MAGTs between-1.0°C and0°C in the northern continuous permafrost zone,approximately-0.5°C in the island permafrost zone,between-1.5°C and 0°C in the southern continuous permafrost zone, and higher than-0.5°C in the discontinuous permafrost zone. In contrast, the spatial variations in ground ice content were mainly controlled by the local soil water content and lithology.The relationships between the mean annual air temperature(MAAT) and the PLLs indicated that the PLLs varied between-3.3°C and-4.1°C for the northern Ela and Longstone Mountains and between-4.1°C and-4.6°C in the southern Bayan Har Mountains. 展开更多
关键词 Permafrost characteristics NationalHighway No. 214 (G214) Eastern Qinghai-TibetPlateau Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Temperature
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A topographical model for precipitation pattern in the Tibetan Plateau 被引量:2
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作者 QI Wen-wen ZHANG Bai-ping +3 位作者 YAO Yong-hui ZHAO Fang ZHANG Shuo HE Wen-hui 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2016年第5期763-773,共11页
As the highest and most extensive plateau on earth, the Tibetan Plateau has strong thermo- dynamic effect, which not only affects regional climate around the plateau but precipitation patterns of scattered meteorologi... As the highest and most extensive plateau on earth, the Tibetan Plateau has strong thermo- dynamic effect, which not only affects regional climate around the plateau but precipitation patterns of scattered meteorological also temperature and itself. However, due to stations, its spatial precipitation pattern and, especially, the mechanism behind are poorly understood. The availability of spatially consistent satellite-derived precipitation data makes it possible to get accurate precipitation pattern in the plateau, which could help quantitatively explore the effect and mechanism of mass elevation effect on precipitation pattern. This paper made full use of TMPA 3B43 V7 monthly precipitation data to track the trajectory of precipitation and identified four routes (east, southeast, south, west directions) along which moisture-laden air masses move into the plateau. We made the assumption that precipitation pattern is the result interplay of these four moisture- laden air masses transportation routes against the distances from moisture sources and the topographic barriers along the routes. To do so, we developed a multivariate linear regression model with the spatial distribution of annual mean precipitation as the dependent variable and the topographical barriers to these four moisture sources as independent variables. The result shows that our model could explain about 7o% of spatial variation of mean annual precipitation pattern in the plateau; the regression analysis also shows that the southeast moisture source (the Bay of Bengal) contributes the most (32.56%) to the rainfall pattern of the plateau; the east and the south sources have nearly the same contribution, 23.59% and 23.48%, respectively; while the west source contributes the least, only 2o.37%. The findings of this study can greatly improve our understanding of mass elevation effect on spatial precipitation pattern. 展开更多
关键词 Tibetan Plateau Precipitation pattern TOPOGRAPHY Moisture sources
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Evaluation of Mixing Efficiency in Coagulation-Flocculation Process in Wastewater Treatment
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作者 Tamas Karches 《Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A)》 2012年第7期898-903,共6页
Fluid flow and mixing phenomenon have a significant impact on coagulation and flocculation processes. Particles dissipating the turbulent kinetic energy increase the efficiency of collision, grow in size and incorpora... Fluid flow and mixing phenomenon have a significant impact on coagulation and flocculation processes. Particles dissipating the turbulent kinetic energy increase the efficiency of collision, grow in size and incorporate phosphate from the wastewater Only certain flocks can be separated depending on their stability, size, density, etc.. According to the literature the velocity gradient of the flow (G-value) is the main design parameter of the flocculators, but there is a need to take into account at least the flocks age, too. In this paper, it presents a novel approach to determine the efficiency of flocculators using local mean age theory, residence time distribution and dimensional analysis. Calculations were performed for two constructions of cascade reactors---one with small baffles and one without these; hydraulical performance and the achievable conversion were compared. As a result, the flocculator with small baffles proved to be more efficient than the traditional construction. 展开更多
关键词 Flocculation kinetics fluid dynamics G-VALUE local mean age wastewater treatment.
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