Bacterial community presumably plays an essential role in inhibiting pathogen colonization and maintaining the health of scallop larvae, but limiting data are available for Yesso scallop （Patinopecten yessoensisis Ja...Bacterial community presumably plays an essential role in inhibiting pathogen colonization and maintaining the health of scallop larvae, but limiting data are available for Yesso scallop （Patinopecten yessoensisis Jay, 1857） larval development stages. The aim of this study was to characterize and compare the bacterial communities associating with Yesso scallop larval development at fertilized egg S l, trochophora S2, D-shaped larvae S3, umbo larvae S4, and juvenile scallop S5 stages by Illumina high-throughput sequencing. Genomic DNA was extracted from the larvae and their associating baetera, and a gene segment covering V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced using an Illumina Miseq sequencer. Overall, 106760 qualified sequences with an average length of 449 bp were obtained. Sequences were compared with those retrieved from 16S rRNA gene databases, and 4 phyla, 7 classes, 15 orders, 21 families, 31 genera were identified. Proteobacteria was predominant phylum, accounting for more than 99%, at all 5 larval development stages. At genus level, Pseudomonas was dominant at stages S1 （80.60%）, S2 （87.77%） and S5 （68.71%）, followed by Photobacterium （17.06%） and Aeromonas （1.64%） at stage S1, Serratia （6.94%）, Stenotrophomonas （3.08%） and Acinetobacter （1.2%） at stage S2, Shewanella （25.95%） and Pseudoalteromonas （4.57%） at stage S5. Moreover, genus Pseudoal- teromonas became dominant at stages S3 （44.85%） and S4 （56.02%）, followed by Photobacterium （29.82%）, Pseudomonas （11.86%）, Aliivibrio （8.60%） and Shewanella （3.39%） at stage S3, Pseudomonas （18.16%）, Aliivibrio （14.29%）, Shewanella （4.11%）, Psychro- monas （4.04%） and Psychrobacter （1.81%） at stage S4. From the results, we concluded that the bacterial community changed sig- nificantly at different development stages of Yesso Scallop larvae.展开更多
This study describes the complete diaUel hybridization between newly introduced bay scallop stock （W） from Canada and local commercial stock （D） grown under laboratory conditions, in China. Larval survival and gro...This study describes the complete diaUel hybridization between newly introduced bay scallop stock （W） from Canada and local commercial stock （D） grown under laboratory conditions, in China. Larval survival and growth during all life stages （larvae, spat, and adult） were compared among hybrid （DW, WD） and purebred （DD, WW） populations. Significant heterosis was detected for survival during the larval stage （〉 1% of the mid-parent values）. The mean heterosis （Hm） varied in growth throughout the life span. More than 50% of the Hm values were positive and negative in the DW and WD groups, respectively. The influence of maternal effects and mating types （intrapopulation vs. interpopulation crosses） on growth for all life stages was not consistent. Larval survival did not differ significantly （P〉0.05） with maternal effect or mating type. In the harvest stage, shell length （SL）, shell height （SH）, shell width （SW）, and total weight （TW） were larger in the hybrid compared with the inbred groups. Positive Hm values were observed in SL （1.5%）, SW （5.8%）, and TW （12.3%）, and were more significant in the DW groups （6.1%, 4.5%, 6.8%, and 27.2%）. These results suggest that hybridization between two geographic populations is a good tool for improving bay scallop growth. However, unstable heterosis between the two populations requires further study.展开更多
In order to improve production and breed new broods of bay scallop Argopecten irradians irradians, different-colored orange, purple and white lines were established by two mating methods of self-fertilization and mass...In order to improve production and breed new broods of bay scallop Argopecten irradians irradians, different-colored orange, purple and white lines were established by two mating methods of self-fertilization and mass spawning at a commercial scallop hatchery in spring, 2002. And then larval growth and survival of different lines was compared to test whether there is a relationship between shell color and growth and survival at early developmental stage. Both growth and survival have no significant differences among different experimental larvae of self-fertilization or mass spawning. Results are as following in the order of orange, purple and white shell stock. For the self-fertilization, growth rates of larvae were 6.174, 6.412, and 6.599 μm/d, respectively. Survival rates of larvae at Day 3 were 74.41%, 76.86%, and 82.05%; Day 6 were 49.14%, 65.63%, and 52.79%; and Day 9 were 25.06%, 20.80%, and 26.47%, respectively. For the mass spawning, the growth rates were 7.836, 7.941, and 7.878 μm/d, respectively. Survival rates at Day 3 were 93.05%, 91.95%, and 92.50%; Day 6 were 79.17%, 78.05%, and 82.50%; and Day 9 were 34.72%, 36.67%, and 38.33%, respectively. The absence of any relationship between shell color and growth and survival at the larval stage may be resulted from their common genetic basis.展开更多
[Objective] The paper was to study the changes of protein content and component in leaves of Toona Sinensis under low-temperature stress.[Method] Potted experiment was adopted,and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis was also use...[Objective] The paper was to study the changes of protein content and component in leaves of Toona Sinensis under low-temperature stress.[Method] Potted experiment was adopted,and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis was also used to analyze the dynamic changes of protein in T.Sinensis leaves.[Result] Low temperature stress could change the content and component in leaves of T.Sinensis,but different provenances had different performance under different temperatures,so did the same provenance under different stress periods.SDS-PAGE electrophoresis results indicated that the change law of provenances of Xixia of Henan and Nanjing of Jiangsu with stronger cold resistance was similar,showing the change trend of "increase-decrease-increase".Protein was greatly expressed after stress for 1 d,the color of band became darker;the content gradually decreased in the following second and third day,and the color of bands was lighter;the content began to increase at the forth day.Two provenances induced the specific proteins with molecular weights of 27.6 and 22.5 kD,respectively.The soluble protein content of provenance of Xiapu of Fujian with relatively weak cold resistance was gradually increased,but no new protein bands were induced.The changes of protein band color of various provenances in SDS-PAGE electrophoresis was basically consistent with the changes of protein content,the provenance with stronger cold resistance could induce the production of specific proteins.[Conclusion] The study provided theoretical basis for under the molecular mechanism of plant cold resistance,which had great significance in theory and practice.展开更多
Silkworm silks have been widely used in a variety of fields due to their sensuousness, luster and excellent mechanical properties. Researchers have paid special attention in improving the mechanical properties of silk...Silkworm silks have been widely used in a variety of fields due to their sensuousness, luster and excellent mechanical properties. Researchers have paid special attention in improving the mechanical properties of silks. In this work,Bombyx mori larval silkworms are injected with graphene quantum dots(GQDs) through a vascular injection to enhance mechanical properties of the silkworm silks. The GQDs can be incorporated into the silkworm silk gland easily due to hemolymph circulation and influence the spinning process of silkworm. The breaking strength, elongation at break and toughness modulus of the silks increase by 2.74, 1.33 and 3.62 times, respectively, by injecting per individual with 0.6 μg GQDs. Wide-angle X-ray scattering indicates that the size ofβ-sheet nanocrystals in GQDs-silks is smaller than that in control-silks. Infrared spectra suggest that GQDs confine the conformation transition of silk fibroin to β-sheet from random coil/α-helix, and the change of the size and content of β-sheet may be the reason for the improvement of the mechanical properties. The toxicity and safety limit of GQDs incorporated into each silkworm is also evaluated, and the results show that the upmost dose of GQDs per silkworm is30.0 μg. The successful obtainment of reinforced silks by in vivo uptake of GQDs provides a promising route to produce high-strength silks.展开更多
基金financial support from Zhang Zidao Sland Group Co.,Ltd. for the project (99801214)
文摘Bacterial community presumably plays an essential role in inhibiting pathogen colonization and maintaining the health of scallop larvae, but limiting data are available for Yesso scallop （Patinopecten yessoensisis Jay, 1857） larval development stages. The aim of this study was to characterize and compare the bacterial communities associating with Yesso scallop larval development at fertilized egg S l, trochophora S2, D-shaped larvae S3, umbo larvae S4, and juvenile scallop S5 stages by Illumina high-throughput sequencing. Genomic DNA was extracted from the larvae and their associating baetera, and a gene segment covering V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced using an Illumina Miseq sequencer. Overall, 106760 qualified sequences with an average length of 449 bp were obtained. Sequences were compared with those retrieved from 16S rRNA gene databases, and 4 phyla, 7 classes, 15 orders, 21 families, 31 genera were identified. Proteobacteria was predominant phylum, accounting for more than 99%, at all 5 larval development stages. At genus level, Pseudomonas was dominant at stages S1 （80.60%）, S2 （87.77%） and S5 （68.71%）, followed by Photobacterium （17.06%） and Aeromonas （1.64%） at stage S1, Serratia （6.94%）, Stenotrophomonas （3.08%） and Acinetobacter （1.2%） at stage S2, Shewanella （25.95%） and Pseudoalteromonas （4.57%） at stage S5. Moreover, genus Pseudoal- teromonas became dominant at stages S3 （44.85%） and S4 （56.02%）, followed by Photobacterium （29.82%）, Pseudomonas （11.86%）, Aliivibrio （8.60%） and Shewanella （3.39%） at stage S3, Pseudomonas （18.16%）, Aliivibrio （14.29%）, Shewanella （4.11%）, Psychro- monas （4.04%） and Psychrobacter （1.81%） at stage S4. From the results, we concluded that the bacterial community changed sig- nificantly at different development stages of Yesso Scallop larvae.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(Nos.2012AA10A410,2010AA10A401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30800842)+2 种基金the Mollusc Research and Development Center(No.CARS-48)the Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Provincethe Climbing Program of Taishan Scholars of Shandong Province
文摘This study describes the complete diaUel hybridization between newly introduced bay scallop stock （W） from Canada and local commercial stock （D） grown under laboratory conditions, in China. Larval survival and growth during all life stages （larvae, spat, and adult） were compared among hybrid （DW, WD） and purebred （DD, WW） populations. Significant heterosis was detected for survival during the larval stage （〉 1% of the mid-parent values）. The mean heterosis （Hm） varied in growth throughout the life span. More than 50% of the Hm values were positive and negative in the DW and WD groups, respectively. The influence of maternal effects and mating types （intrapopulation vs. interpopulation crosses） on growth for all life stages was not consistent. Larval survival did not differ significantly （P〉0.05） with maternal effect or mating type. In the harvest stage, shell length （SL）, shell height （SH）, shell width （SW）, and total weight （TW） were larger in the hybrid compared with the inbred groups. Positive Hm values were observed in SL （1.5%）, SW （5.8%）, and TW （12.3%）, and were more significant in the DW groups （6.1%, 4.5%, 6.8%, and 27.2%）. These results suggest that hybridization between two geographic populations is a good tool for improving bay scallop growth. However, unstable heterosis between the two populations requires further study.
基金This work was financially supported by Project of Scientific Innova-tion, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ZKCX2-211).
文摘In order to improve production and breed new broods of bay scallop Argopecten irradians irradians, different-colored orange, purple and white lines were established by two mating methods of self-fertilization and mass spawning at a commercial scallop hatchery in spring, 2002. And then larval growth and survival of different lines was compared to test whether there is a relationship between shell color and growth and survival at early developmental stage. Both growth and survival have no significant differences among different experimental larvae of self-fertilization or mass spawning. Results are as following in the order of orange, purple and white shell stock. For the self-fertilization, growth rates of larvae were 6.174, 6.412, and 6.599 μm/d, respectively. Survival rates of larvae at Day 3 were 74.41%, 76.86%, and 82.05%; Day 6 were 49.14%, 65.63%, and 52.79%; and Day 9 were 25.06%, 20.80%, and 26.47%, respectively. For the mass spawning, the growth rates were 7.836, 7.941, and 7.878 μm/d, respectively. Survival rates at Day 3 were 93.05%, 91.95%, and 92.50%; Day 6 were 79.17%, 78.05%, and 82.50%; and Day 9 were 34.72%, 36.67%, and 38.33%, respectively. The absence of any relationship between shell color and growth and survival at the larval stage may be resulted from their common genetic basis.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(30872055)Key Scientific and Technological Project of Henan(092102110095)
文摘[Objective] The paper was to study the changes of protein content and component in leaves of Toona Sinensis under low-temperature stress.[Method] Potted experiment was adopted,and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis was also used to analyze the dynamic changes of protein in T.Sinensis leaves.[Result] Low temperature stress could change the content and component in leaves of T.Sinensis,but different provenances had different performance under different temperatures,so did the same provenance under different stress periods.SDS-PAGE electrophoresis results indicated that the change law of provenances of Xixia of Henan and Nanjing of Jiangsu with stronger cold resistance was similar,showing the change trend of "increase-decrease-increase".Protein was greatly expressed after stress for 1 d,the color of band became darker;the content gradually decreased in the following second and third day,and the color of bands was lighter;the content began to increase at the forth day.Two provenances induced the specific proteins with molecular weights of 27.6 and 22.5 kD,respectively.The soluble protein content of provenance of Xiapu of Fujian with relatively weak cold resistance was gradually increased,but no new protein bands were induced.The changes of protein band color of various provenances in SDS-PAGE electrophoresis was basically consistent with the changes of protein content,the provenance with stronger cold resistance could induce the production of specific proteins.[Conclusion] The study provided theoretical basis for under the molecular mechanism of plant cold resistance,which had great significance in theory and practice.
基金supported by the Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by CAST (2015QNRC001)the Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System
文摘Silkworm silks have been widely used in a variety of fields due to their sensuousness, luster and excellent mechanical properties. Researchers have paid special attention in improving the mechanical properties of silks. In this work,Bombyx mori larval silkworms are injected with graphene quantum dots(GQDs) through a vascular injection to enhance mechanical properties of the silkworm silks. The GQDs can be incorporated into the silkworm silk gland easily due to hemolymph circulation and influence the spinning process of silkworm. The breaking strength, elongation at break and toughness modulus of the silks increase by 2.74, 1.33 and 3.62 times, respectively, by injecting per individual with 0.6 μg GQDs. Wide-angle X-ray scattering indicates that the size ofβ-sheet nanocrystals in GQDs-silks is smaller than that in control-silks. Infrared spectra suggest that GQDs confine the conformation transition of silk fibroin to β-sheet from random coil/α-helix, and the change of the size and content of β-sheet may be the reason for the improvement of the mechanical properties. The toxicity and safety limit of GQDs incorporated into each silkworm is also evaluated, and the results show that the upmost dose of GQDs per silkworm is30.0 μg. The successful obtainment of reinforced silks by in vivo uptake of GQDs provides a promising route to produce high-strength silks.
