Defining a basin under a critical state （or a self-organized criticality） that has the potential to initiate landslides, debris flows, and subsequent sediment disasters, is a key issue for disaster prevention. The L...Defining a basin under a critical state （or a self-organized criticality） that has the potential to initiate landslides, debris flows, and subsequent sediment disasters, is a key issue for disaster prevention. The Lushan Hot Spring area in Nantou County, Taiwan, suffered serious sediment disasters after typhoons Sinlaku and Jangmi in aoo8, and following Typhoon Morakot in 2009. The basin＇s internal slope instability after the typhoons brought rain was examined using the landslide frequency-area distribution. The critical state indices attributed to landslide frequency-area distribution are discussed and the marginally unstable characteristics of the study area indicated. The landslides were interpreted from Spot 5 images before and after disastrous events. The results of the analysis show that the power-law landslide frequency-area curves in the basin for different rainfall-induced events tend to coincide with a single line. The temporal trend of the rainfall- induced landslide frequency-area distribution shows 1If noise and scale invariance. A trend exists for landslide frequency-area distribution in log-log space for larger landslides controlled by the historical maximum accumulated rainfall brought by typhoons. The unstable state of the basin, including landslides, breached dams, and debris flows, are parts of the basin＇s self-organizing processes. The critical state of landslide frequency-area distribution could be estimated by a critical exponent of 1.0. The distribution could be used for future estimation of the potential landslide magnitude for disaster mitigation and to identify the current state of a basin for management.展开更多
Through the development of more than 60 years, the hot spring tourism industry in China will confront with a situation of ＂innovative competition, standard development, and secondary upgrade＂. In this paper, from th...Through the development of more than 60 years, the hot spring tourism industry in China will confront with a situation of ＂innovative competition, standard development, and secondary upgrade＂. In this paper, from the perspective of product integrated marketing theory, by taking Lushan （Xingzi） hot spring as an example, the authors carry out an analysis on some problems in the development of Xingzi hot spring tourism products, propose the framework and model of the integrated development of hot spring health tourism products, and also provide some suggestions for the design of Xingzi hot spring health tourism routes.展开更多
基金Financial supports under contract NSC 99-2625-M-415-003-MY3 (Chinese Taipei) are appreciated
文摘Defining a basin under a critical state （or a self-organized criticality） that has the potential to initiate landslides, debris flows, and subsequent sediment disasters, is a key issue for disaster prevention. The Lushan Hot Spring area in Nantou County, Taiwan, suffered serious sediment disasters after typhoons Sinlaku and Jangmi in aoo8, and following Typhoon Morakot in 2009. The basin＇s internal slope instability after the typhoons brought rain was examined using the landslide frequency-area distribution. The critical state indices attributed to landslide frequency-area distribution are discussed and the marginally unstable characteristics of the study area indicated. The landslides were interpreted from Spot 5 images before and after disastrous events. The results of the analysis show that the power-law landslide frequency-area curves in the basin for different rainfall-induced events tend to coincide with a single line. The temporal trend of the rainfall- induced landslide frequency-area distribution shows 1If noise and scale invariance. A trend exists for landslide frequency-area distribution in log-log space for larger landslides controlled by the historical maximum accumulated rainfall brought by typhoons. The unstable state of the basin, including landslides, breached dams, and debris flows, are parts of the basin＇s self-organizing processes. The critical state of landslide frequency-area distribution could be estimated by a critical exponent of 1.0. The distribution could be used for future estimation of the potential landslide magnitude for disaster mitigation and to identify the current state of a basin for management.
文摘Through the development of more than 60 years, the hot spring tourism industry in China will confront with a situation of ＂innovative competition, standard development, and secondary upgrade＂. In this paper, from the perspective of product integrated marketing theory, by taking Lushan （Xingzi） hot spring as an example, the authors carry out an analysis on some problems in the development of Xingzi hot spring tourism products, propose the framework and model of the integrated development of hot spring health tourism products, and also provide some suggestions for the design of Xingzi hot spring health tourism routes.
