By using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and biochemical straining method, malic enzyme isozyme in 10 organs of male or female Varicorhinus macrolepis were analyzed. The results showed that malic enzyme exists in h...By using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and biochemical straining method, malic enzyme isozyme in 10 organs of male or female Varicorhinus macrolepis were analyzed. The results showed that malic enzyme exists in heart, gonads, eyes and gills tissues in both female and male V. macrolepis. There was only one ME-2 in heart and ME-1 in eye of female fish, while there were ME-1 and ME-2 in heart and ME-2 in eyes of male fish. Ovary contained ME-1 and ME-2, while spermary only contained ME-1. In kidney and spleen tissues, malic enzyme was found only in female fish, while in muscle, malic enzyme existed only in male fish. The phenotypic of malic enzyme had obvious differences no matter in the same organ of different sexes in V. macrolepis or different organs in the same sex. But there were no differences among different individuals of the same sex. The results will provide basic data for developmental genetics, breed improvement and directed breeding of V. macrolepis, and lay a foundation for its development and protection.展开更多
960950 非洲和利比里亚花鳅属种群的异型酶变动=Allozyme variation of African andIiberian population of the genus Cobitis[刊,英]/Perdices A,Machordom A,Doadrio I//J.Fish Biol..—1995,47(4).—707～718非洲和利比里亚花鳅属 C...960950 非洲和利比里亚花鳅属种群的异型酶变动=Allozyme variation of African andIiberian population of the genus Cobitis[刊,英]/Perdices A,Machordom A,Doadrio I//J.Fish Biol..—1995,47(4).—707～718非洲和利比里亚花鳅属 Cobitis 显示很高的形态多形性,其分类学不清楚.在7种这样种群中,多形位置的百分比介于p=0.08～0.48和每个位置的平均杂合性 H=0.展开更多
Genetic diversity within and among six subpopulations of Larix decidua Mill. from two altitudinal transects of Swiss Alps was investigated using 6 enzyme systems coding for 8 loci. Globally, the mean proportion of pol...Genetic diversity within and among six subpopulations of Larix decidua Mill. from two altitudinal transects of Swiss Alps was investigated using 6 enzyme systems coding for 8 loci. Globally, the mean proportion of polymorphic loci was 22.9%, the average number of alleles per locus was 1.3, and the mean expected heterozygosity was 0.095. Only 5.8% of the genetic variation resided among populations. The mean genetic distance was 0.006. Several significant differences of gene frequencies were found between different age classes. Positive values of the species mean fixation index observed in this study suggested a considerable deficit of heterozygotes in the populations of L. decidua of Swiss Alps. At one of the sites (Arpette), the highest subpopulation in elevation gave the lowest level of genetic diversity (as evidenced by the lowest proportion of polymorphic loci and the lowest mean expected heterozygosity) and the largest value of genetic distance when compared to other subpopulations. The genetic differences between the highest subpopulation and the other ones suggest that the founder effect may be an important factor influencing genetic differentiation of L. decidua populations at Arpette transect.展开更多
To investigate the genetic structures and differentiation of different wild populations of white croaker （Pennahia argentara）, horizontal starch gel electrophoresis was performed on 133 individuals collected from fi...To investigate the genetic structures and differentiation of different wild populations of white croaker （Pennahia argentara）, horizontal starch gel electrophoresis was performed on 133 individuals collected from five different locations in China and Japan. The eleven enzyme systems revealed 15 loci, of which eleven were polymorphic. The percentage ofpolymorphic loci of white croaker populations varied from 6.67% to 53.3.3%; the mean observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.0033 to 0.0133 and 0.0032 to 0.0191, respectively. The expected heterozygosity revealed a low genetic variability for white croaker in comparison with other marine fishes. The genetic distances between populations ranged from 0.00005 to 0.00026. A weak differentiation was observed within each clade and between clades; and no significant differences in gene frequencies among populations were observed in white croaker. Among the five populations, three Chinese populations showed more genetic diversity than that in Japanese populations.展开更多
Population genetics of the left-eyed flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, including natural and cultured stocks distributed in the coastal waters near Qingdao of eastern maritime China, was analyzed in allozyme and RAPD....Population genetics of the left-eyed flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, including natural and cultured stocks distributed in the coastal waters near Qingdao of eastern maritime China, was analyzed in allozyme and RAPD. The results showed that among total 29 gene loci of 15 isozymes, 9 and 7 were po- lymorphic in natural and cultured stocks, respectively. The status of genetic diversity in P. olivaceus is low in terms of polymorphic loci in chi-square test and genetic departure index of Hardy-Weinberg equi- librium. More alleles in IDHP, CAT, GDH and Ldh-C allozymes were found in the fish, which could be used as markers in assortive breeding and distinguishing stock, population or species evolution. Total 88 and 86 RAPD bands ranging from 200 to 2 500 bp were recognized individually in average of 7.8–8.0 bands per primer. The genetic diversity in cultured stock is lower than that in natural ones showing an ob- viously decreasing genetic divergence. Therefore, effective countermeasures must be taken to protect ge- netic resources of marine cultured fishes. The 2 markers have their own pros and cons. Combining the 2 markers to investigate the genetic variation of populations is suggested. The results provide basic data of this flounder and they are useful for studying genetic improvement and genetic resources of the fish.展开更多
To compare genetic markers for population genetics analysis, allozyme electrophoresis and random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） were used to detect the genetic structure of scallop Chlamysfarreri population. Thirt...To compare genetic markers for population genetics analysis, allozyme electrophoresis and random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） were used to detect the genetic structure of scallop Chlamysfarreri population. Thirteen enzymes （MDH, ME, IDH, GPI, PGM, PEP-LG, PEP-pp, ACP, AK, PK, AAT, SOD, EST） in three butter systems （TC, pH6.9; TMME, pH 7.4; and EBT, pHS.9） were selected and 22 loci were used for the analysis, among them 7 loci （Gpi, Pgm, Pep.m-l, Pep.pp. Aat-2, Est-2, Est-3） were polymorphic which attributed 31.82% to the total. The average of heterozygosity was 0.113 and most of the studied loci showed heterozygote deficiencies. The same specimens were investigated using 10 arbitrarily selected primers （10-base）. Twenty two of 54 RAPD fragments were polymorphic with average heterozygosity of 0.194. The result indicated that the two types of markers reflected a consistent trend in the parameter values of genetic diversity of the population, but RAPD revealed more information of genetic variation than allozyme electrophoresis.展开更多
Nine diploid cultivars of Italian ryegrass （Lolium multiflorum Lain.） from France （Fortyl, Vertyl and Jericho）, Germany （Ligrande）, United Kingdom （Aber Epic and Aber Mario）, Denmark （Cordelia）, Netherlands ...Nine diploid cultivars of Italian ryegrass （Lolium multiflorum Lain.） from France （Fortyl, Vertyl and Jericho）, Germany （Ligrande）, United Kingdom （Aber Epic and Aber Mario）, Denmark （Cordelia）, Netherlands （Alamo） and Poland （Tur） were tested with horizontal gel electrophoresis according to one locus （with four alleles） of the PGI enzyme system. One of them, named P4 is typical for the species, therefore can serve as a good marker for hybrids identification. Each cultivar was characterized by frequencies of different phenotypes. They were highly polymorphic （Pg = 0.58 - 0.78） and showed differences in heterozygosity level. The variability within populations （GST = 0.055） was higher than among populations （DST = 0.032）.展开更多
The Labeo dyocheilus(family Cyprinidae)in-habits fresh water streams at the fo thill regions and is a commercially important food fish.It is native to Afganistan,Pakistan,India,Nepal,Bhutan,Bangladesh,M yanmnar,Cambod...The Labeo dyocheilus(family Cyprinidae)in-habits fresh water streams at the fo thill regions and is a commercially important food fish.It is native to Afganistan,Pakistan,India,Nepal,Bhutan,Bangladesh,M yanmnar,Cambodia and Thailand(Froese and Pauly,2003).In India,the species in-habits the Indus,Ganges and Mahanadi river sys-terns.It is identified as a potential cultivable species and has considerable significance for the fishery of these regions.L.dyocheilus has been categorized as a vulnerable fish due to declining commercial catches in India(Mahanta et a1.,1994).At present the fishery is supported through capture from natural sources.To achieve domestication,various aspects of captive breeding and propagation are being studied.展开更多
AIM:rAAV mediated endostatin gene therapy has been examined as a new method for treating cancer.However, a sustained and high protein delivery is required to achieve the desired therapeutic effects.We evaluated the im...AIM:rAAV mediated endostatin gene therapy has been examined as a new method for treating cancer.However, a sustained and high protein delivery is required to achieve the desired therapeutic effects.We evaluated the impact of topoisomerase inhibitors in rAAV delivered endostatin gene therapy in a liver tumor model. METHODS:rAAV containing endostatin expression cassettes were transduced into hepatoma cell lines.To test whether the topoisomerase inhibitor pretreatment increased the expression of endostatin,Western blotting and ELISA were performed.The biologic activity of endostatin was confirmed by endothelial cell proliferation and tube formation assays. The anti-tumor effects of the rAAV-endostatin vector combined with a topoisomerase inhibitor,etoposide,were evaluated in a mouse liver tumor model. RESULTS:Topoisomerase inhibitors,including camptothecin and etoposide,were found to increase the endostatin exPression level in vitro.The over-expressed endostatin, as a result of pretreatment with a topoisomerase inhibitor, was also biologically active.In animal experiments,the combined therapy of topoisomerase inhibitor,etoposide with the rAAV-endostatin vector had the best tumor- suppressive effect and tumor foci were barely observed in livers of the treated mice.Pretreatment with an etoposide increased the level of endostatin in the liver and serum of rAAV-endostatin treated mice.Finally,the mice treated With rAAV-endostatin in combination with etoposide showed the longest survival among the experimental models. CONCLUSION:rAAV delivered endostatin gene therapy in combination with a topoisomerase inhibitor pretreatment is an effective modality for anticancer gene therapy.展开更多
The genes encoding type II DNA topoisomerases were investigated in Giardia lamblia genome, and a type IIA gene,GlTop 2 was identified. It is a single copy gene with a 4476 bp long ORF without intron. The deduced amino...The genes encoding type II DNA topoisomerases were investigated in Giardia lamblia genome, and a type IIA gene,GlTop 2 was identified. It is a single copy gene with a 4476 bp long ORF without intron. The deduced amino acid sequence shows strong homology to eukaryotic DNA Top 2. However, some distortions were found, such as six insertions in the ATPase domain and the central domain, a -100 aa longer central domain; a ~200 aa shorter C-terminal domain containing rich charged residues. These features revealed by comparing with Top 2 of the host, human, might be helpful in exploiting drug selectivity for antigiardial therapy. Phylogenetic analysis of eukaryotic enzymes showed that kinetoplastids, plants, fungi, and animals were monophyletic groups, and the animal and fungi lineages shared a more recent common ancestor than either did with the plant lineage; microsporidia grouped with fungi. However, unlike many previous phylogenetic analyses, the ''amitochondriate'' G. lamblia was not the earliest branch but diverged after mitochondriate kinetoplastids in our trees. Both the finding of typical eukaryotic type IIA topoisomerase and the phylogenetic analysis suggest G, lamblia is not possibly as primitive as was regarded before and might diverge after the acquisition of mitochondria. This is consistent with the recent discovery of mitochondrial remnant organelles in G. lamblia.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(39770091)~~
文摘By using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and biochemical straining method, malic enzyme isozyme in 10 organs of male or female Varicorhinus macrolepis were analyzed. The results showed that malic enzyme exists in heart, gonads, eyes and gills tissues in both female and male V. macrolepis. There was only one ME-2 in heart and ME-1 in eye of female fish, while there were ME-1 and ME-2 in heart and ME-2 in eyes of male fish. Ovary contained ME-1 and ME-2, while spermary only contained ME-1. In kidney and spleen tissues, malic enzyme was found only in female fish, while in muscle, malic enzyme existed only in male fish. The phenotypic of malic enzyme had obvious differences no matter in the same organ of different sexes in V. macrolepis or different organs in the same sex. But there were no differences among different individuals of the same sex. The results will provide basic data for developmental genetics, breed improvement and directed breeding of V. macrolepis, and lay a foundation for its development and protection.
文摘960950 非洲和利比里亚花鳅属种群的异型酶变动=Allozyme variation of African andIiberian population of the genus Cobitis[刊,英]/Perdices A,Machordom A,Doadrio I//J.Fish Biol..—1995,47(4).—707～718非洲和利比里亚花鳅属 Cobitis 显示很高的形态多形性,其分类学不清楚.在7种这样种群中,多形位置的百分比介于p=0.08～0.48和每个位置的平均杂合性 H=0.
文摘Genetic diversity within and among six subpopulations of Larix decidua Mill. from two altitudinal transects of Swiss Alps was investigated using 6 enzyme systems coding for 8 loci. Globally, the mean proportion of polymorphic loci was 22.9%, the average number of alleles per locus was 1.3, and the mean expected heterozygosity was 0.095. Only 5.8% of the genetic variation resided among populations. The mean genetic distance was 0.006. Several significant differences of gene frequencies were found between different age classes. Positive values of the species mean fixation index observed in this study suggested a considerable deficit of heterozygotes in the populations of L. decidua of Swiss Alps. At one of the sites (Arpette), the highest subpopulation in elevation gave the lowest level of genetic diversity (as evidenced by the lowest proportion of polymorphic loci and the lowest mean expected heterozygosity) and the largest value of genetic distance when compared to other subpopulations. The genetic differences between the highest subpopulation and the other ones suggest that the founder effect may be an important factor influencing genetic differentiation of L. decidua populations at Arpette transect.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No,30471329)the National Key Basic Research Program from the Ministry of Science and Technology,P.R.China(2005CB422306)High-Tech Development Program of China(863 Program)(2006AA09Z418).
文摘To investigate the genetic structures and differentiation of different wild populations of white croaker （Pennahia argentara）, horizontal starch gel electrophoresis was performed on 133 individuals collected from five different locations in China and Japan. The eleven enzyme systems revealed 15 loci, of which eleven were polymorphic. The percentage ofpolymorphic loci of white croaker populations varied from 6.67% to 53.3.3%; the mean observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.0033 to 0.0133 and 0.0032 to 0.0191, respectively. The expected heterozygosity revealed a low genetic variability for white croaker in comparison with other marine fishes. The genetic distances between populations ranged from 0.00005 to 0.00026. A weak differentiation was observed within each clade and between clades; and no significant differences in gene frequencies among populations were observed in white croaker. Among the five populations, three Chinese populations showed more genetic diversity than that in Japanese populations.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Fundation of China (No. 30571445)Natural Science Fundation of Shandong Province of China
文摘Population genetics of the left-eyed flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, including natural and cultured stocks distributed in the coastal waters near Qingdao of eastern maritime China, was analyzed in allozyme and RAPD. The results showed that among total 29 gene loci of 15 isozymes, 9 and 7 were po- lymorphic in natural and cultured stocks, respectively. The status of genetic diversity in P. olivaceus is low in terms of polymorphic loci in chi-square test and genetic departure index of Hardy-Weinberg equi- librium. More alleles in IDHP, CAT, GDH and Ldh-C allozymes were found in the fish, which could be used as markers in assortive breeding and distinguishing stock, population or species evolution. Total 88 and 86 RAPD bands ranging from 200 to 2 500 bp were recognized individually in average of 7.8–8.0 bands per primer. The genetic diversity in cultured stock is lower than that in natural ones showing an ob- viously decreasing genetic divergence. Therefore, effective countermeasures must be taken to protect ge- netic resources of marine cultured fishes. The 2 markers have their own pros and cons. Combining the 2 markers to investigate the genetic variation of populations is suggested. The results provide basic data of this flounder and they are useful for studying genetic improvement and genetic resources of the fish.
基金Supported by Chinese Basic Research Project (G1999012007) and Na-tional Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 39700017).
文摘To compare genetic markers for population genetics analysis, allozyme electrophoresis and random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） were used to detect the genetic structure of scallop Chlamysfarreri population. Thirteen enzymes （MDH, ME, IDH, GPI, PGM, PEP-LG, PEP-pp, ACP, AK, PK, AAT, SOD, EST） in three butter systems （TC, pH6.9; TMME, pH 7.4; and EBT, pHS.9） were selected and 22 loci were used for the analysis, among them 7 loci （Gpi, Pgm, Pep.m-l, Pep.pp. Aat-2, Est-2, Est-3） were polymorphic which attributed 31.82% to the total. The average of heterozygosity was 0.113 and most of the studied loci showed heterozygote deficiencies. The same specimens were investigated using 10 arbitrarily selected primers （10-base）. Twenty two of 54 RAPD fragments were polymorphic with average heterozygosity of 0.194. The result indicated that the two types of markers reflected a consistent trend in the parameter values of genetic diversity of the population, but RAPD revealed more information of genetic variation than allozyme electrophoresis.
文摘Nine diploid cultivars of Italian ryegrass （Lolium multiflorum Lain.） from France （Fortyl, Vertyl and Jericho）, Germany （Ligrande）, United Kingdom （Aber Epic and Aber Mario）, Denmark （Cordelia）, Netherlands （Alamo） and Poland （Tur） were tested with horizontal gel electrophoresis according to one locus （with four alleles） of the PGI enzyme system. One of them, named P4 is typical for the species, therefore can serve as a good marker for hybrids identification. Each cultivar was characterized by frequencies of different phenotypes. They were highly polymorphic （Pg = 0.58 - 0.78） and showed differences in heterozygosity level. The variability within populations （GST = 0.055） was higher than among populations （DST = 0.032）.
基金This research was funded by agrant from ICAR(No NBFGR/DNA25A)
文摘The Labeo dyocheilus(family Cyprinidae)in-habits fresh water streams at the fo thill regions and is a commercially important food fish.It is native to Afganistan,Pakistan,India,Nepal,Bhutan,Bangladesh,M yanmnar,Cambodia and Thailand(Froese and Pauly,2003).In India,the species in-habits the Indus,Ganges and Mahanadi river sys-terns.It is identified as a potential cultivable species and has considerable significance for the fishery of these regions.L.dyocheilus has been categorized as a vulnerable fish due to declining commercial catches in India(Mahanta et a1.,1994).At present the fishery is supported through capture from natural sources.To achieve domestication,various aspects of captive breeding and propagation are being studied.
基金Supported by a faculty research grant of Yonsei University College of Medicine for 2002,No.2002-06
文摘AIM:rAAV mediated endostatin gene therapy has been examined as a new method for treating cancer.However, a sustained and high protein delivery is required to achieve the desired therapeutic effects.We evaluated the impact of topoisomerase inhibitors in rAAV delivered endostatin gene therapy in a liver tumor model. METHODS:rAAV containing endostatin expression cassettes were transduced into hepatoma cell lines.To test whether the topoisomerase inhibitor pretreatment increased the expression of endostatin,Western blotting and ELISA were performed.The biologic activity of endostatin was confirmed by endothelial cell proliferation and tube formation assays. The anti-tumor effects of the rAAV-endostatin vector combined with a topoisomerase inhibitor,etoposide,were evaluated in a mouse liver tumor model. RESULTS:Topoisomerase inhibitors,including camptothecin and etoposide,were found to increase the endostatin exPression level in vitro.The over-expressed endostatin, as a result of pretreatment with a topoisomerase inhibitor, was also biologically active.In animal experiments,the combined therapy of topoisomerase inhibitor,etoposide with the rAAV-endostatin vector had the best tumor- suppressive effect and tumor foci were barely observed in livers of the treated mice.Pretreatment with an etoposide increased the level of endostatin in the liver and serum of rAAV-endostatin treated mice.Finally,the mice treated With rAAV-endostatin in combination with etoposide showed the longest survival among the experimental models. CONCLUSION:rAAV delivered endostatin gene therapy in combination with a topoisomerase inhibitor pretreatment is an effective modality for anticancer gene therapy.
基金supported by Grants (30070362, 30170135,30021004) the National Natural Science Foundationof China and Grants (KSCX2-SW-101C, STZ-00-23)the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘The genes encoding type II DNA topoisomerases were investigated in Giardia lamblia genome, and a type IIA gene,GlTop 2 was identified. It is a single copy gene with a 4476 bp long ORF without intron. The deduced amino acid sequence shows strong homology to eukaryotic DNA Top 2. However, some distortions were found, such as six insertions in the ATPase domain and the central domain, a -100 aa longer central domain; a ~200 aa shorter C-terminal domain containing rich charged residues. These features revealed by comparing with Top 2 of the host, human, might be helpful in exploiting drug selectivity for antigiardial therapy. Phylogenetic analysis of eukaryotic enzymes showed that kinetoplastids, plants, fungi, and animals were monophyletic groups, and the animal and fungi lineages shared a more recent common ancestor than either did with the plant lineage; microsporidia grouped with fungi. However, unlike many previous phylogenetic analyses, the ''amitochondriate'' G. lamblia was not the earliest branch but diverged after mitochondriate kinetoplastids in our trees. Both the finding of typical eukaryotic type IIA topoisomerase and the phylogenetic analysis suggest G, lamblia is not possibly as primitive as was regarded before and might diverge after the acquisition of mitochondria. This is consistent with the recent discovery of mitochondrial remnant organelles in G. lamblia.
