为提高化妆品潜在微生物的阳性检出率,建立洗发、护发类化妆品微生物限度和控制菌检查方法。采用常规法、培养基稀释法、薄膜过滤法对4种洗发、护发类化妆品进行微生物限度与控制菌方法学研究。结果显示,飘柔长效柔顺滋养洗发露、海飞...为提高化妆品潜在微生物的阳性检出率,建立洗发、护发类化妆品微生物限度和控制菌检查方法。采用常规法、培养基稀释法、薄膜过滤法对4种洗发、护发类化妆品进行微生物限度与控制菌方法学研究。结果显示,飘柔长效柔顺滋养洗发露、海飞丝去屑洗发露、飘柔人参滋养润发精华素、力士密集滋养修复-发膜级精华素菌落总数检测方法分别为0.2 m L/皿法、800 m L/膜法、0.5 m L/皿法和300 m L/膜法;霉菌及酵母菌检测方法分别为300 m L/膜法、300 m L/膜法、1 m L/皿法和1 m L/皿法;除海飞丝去屑洗发露采用培养基稀释法,其他均采用常规法进行控制菌检查。建议在化妆品微生物检验前应进行微生物方法研究,从而提高化妆品"潜在"病原菌的检出率。展开更多
[Objective] This study was conducted to establish a microbial limit test method for Bupi Qiangli Ointment. [Method] The conventional method and medium dilution method were used for bacterial, mold and yeast counting i...[Objective] This study was conducted to establish a microbial limit test method for Bupi Qiangli Ointment. [Method] The conventional method and medium dilution method were used for bacterial, mold and yeast counting in sample recovery test. [Result] The medium dilution method （1：10 test solution, 0.5 ml/plate） could effectively eliminate the inhibition effect of the Bupi Qiangli Ointment, and the recovery of Staphylococcus aureus was greater than 70% in the 3 batches of samples; and the conventional method exhibited the recoveries of E. coil, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans and Aspergillus greater than 70% in the 3 batches of samples. [Conclusion] Due to Bupi Qiangli Ointment has strongly antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus au- reus, the medium dilution method was used for bacterial counting, and the conventional method was used for mold and yeast counting; and the conventional method was used for controlled bacterium examination of E. coll.展开更多
Method development has always been and will continue to be a core driving force of microbiome science, In this perspective, we argue that in the next decade, method development in microbiome analysis will be driven by...Method development has always been and will continue to be a core driving force of microbiome science, In this perspective, we argue that in the next decade, method development in microbiome analysis will be driven by three key changes in both ways of thinking and technological platforms： ① a shift from dissecting microbiota structure by sequencing to tracking microbiota state, function, and intercellular interaction via imaging; ② a shift from interrogating a consortium or population of cells to probing individual cells; and ③a shift from microbiome data analysis to microbiome data science. Some of the recent methoddevelopment efforts by Chinese microbiome scientists and their international collaborators that underlie these technological trends are highlighted here. It is our belief that the China Microbiome Initiative has the opportunity to deliver outstanding ＂Made-in-China＂ tools to the international research community, by building an ambitious, competitive, and collaborative program at the forefront of method development for microbiome science.展开更多
Cementing mechanism of bio-phosphate cement was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry(TG-DSC) analysi...Cementing mechanism of bio-phosphate cement was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry(TG-DSC) analysis and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The results of FTIR and XPS show that Si-O bond and Si(2p) electron binding energy in sandstone cemented via chemical and microbiological methods are changed by the binding effects of barium hydrogen phosphate with quartz sand. Compared with barium hydrogen phosphate precipitated in solution, there were higher decomposition temperatures or melting points in sandstone. The FTIR, XPS, and TG-DSC results indicate that the microbial-induced and chemical precipitation of barium hydrogen phosphate can interact with quartz sand to generate van der Waals bond, which plays a role in the binding function between loose sand particles and barium hydrogen phosphate. SEM results show that barium hydrogen phosphate after chemical precipitation in sandstone has better dispersion than microbiological deposition. Therefore, barium hydrogen phosphate via chemical precipitation did not bind loose sand particles into sandstone.展开更多
Marine microbes are major drivers of marine biogeochemical cycles and play critical roles in the ecosystems. Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria(AAPB) are an important bacterial functional group with capability o...Marine microbes are major drivers of marine biogeochemical cycles and play critical roles in the ecosystems. Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria(AAPB) are an important bacterial functional group with capability of harvesting light energy and wide distribution, and appear to have a particular role in the ocean's carbon cycling. Yet the global pattern of AAPB distribution was controversial at the beginning of the 21 st century due to the defects of the AAPB enumeration methods. An advanced time-series observation-based infrared epifluorescence microscopy(TIREM) approach was established to amend the existing AAPB quantitative deviation and led to the accurate enumeration of AAPB in marine environments. The abundance of AAPB and AAPB% were higher in coastal and continental shelf waters than in oceanic waters, which does not support the idea that AAPB are specifically adapted to oligotrophic conditions due to photosynthesis in AAPB acting a supplement to their organic carbon respiration. Further investigation revealed that dependence of AAPB on dissolved organic carbon produced by phytoplankton(PDOC) may limit their competition and control AAPB distribution. So, the selection of carbon sources by AAPB indicated that they can effectively fractionate the carbon flow in the sea. Enlightened by these findings, the following studies on the interactions between marine microbes and DOC led to the discovery of a new mechanism of marine carbon sequestration—the Microbial Carbon Pump(MCP). The conceptual framework of MCP addresses the sources and mechanism of the vast DOC reservoir in the ocean and represents a breakthrough in the theory of ocean carbon sequestration.展开更多
Bioavailability is a key parameter in assessing contaminant transfer to biota. However, the input patterns and soil use types may impact the metal bioavailability. Several soil parameters were measured including chemi...Bioavailability is a key parameter in assessing contaminant transfer to biota. However, the input patterns and soil use types may impact the metal bioavailability. Several soil parameters were measured including chemical properties, such as pH, organic C, and Cu solution/solid speciation, and biological properties, such as soil microbial biomass C （SMBC）, seed germination, and root elongation, to evaluate the bioavailability of Cu contaminated soils from three different sources, i.e., non-ferrous metal mining, Cu-based fungicides, and Cu-smelting. The results revealed that free Cu2＋ ion in soil solution and the ratios of Cu fractions to total Cu content in the solid phase could not be used to predict total Cu content in soils. The indexes of seed germination and root elongation appeared not to be good biomonitors of Cu contamination in soils, which were more sensitive to soil pH and soil organic carbon （SOC）. Relationships between SMBC and soil Cu forms or the ratio of SMBC/SOC and soil Cu forms showed that free Cu2＋ ion and humie acid-complexed Cu could significantly inhibit soil microbial activities. Our findings suggested that both metal chemical forms and biological bioassays should be considered as a complementary technique rather than an alternative to evaluate the metal bioavailability from different pollution sources.展开更多
文摘为提高化妆品潜在微生物的阳性检出率,建立洗发、护发类化妆品微生物限度和控制菌检查方法。采用常规法、培养基稀释法、薄膜过滤法对4种洗发、护发类化妆品进行微生物限度与控制菌方法学研究。结果显示,飘柔长效柔顺滋养洗发露、海飞丝去屑洗发露、飘柔人参滋养润发精华素、力士密集滋养修复-发膜级精华素菌落总数检测方法分别为0.2 m L/皿法、800 m L/膜法、0.5 m L/皿法和300 m L/膜法;霉菌及酵母菌检测方法分别为300 m L/膜法、300 m L/膜法、1 m L/皿法和1 m L/皿法;除海飞丝去屑洗发露采用培养基稀释法,其他均采用常规法进行控制菌检查。建议在化妆品微生物检验前应进行微生物方法研究,从而提高化妆品"潜在"病原菌的检出率。
基金Supported by Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Minority Medicine Technology Research Subject of Guizhou Administrative Bureau(QZYY2013-70,QZYY-2014-026)Joint Application of Basic Research Fund of Science and Technology Department o Yunnan Province-Guiyang University of Chinese Medicine(QKHLHZ[2014]7323)~~
文摘[Objective] This study was conducted to establish a microbial limit test method for Bupi Qiangli Ointment. [Method] The conventional method and medium dilution method were used for bacterial, mold and yeast counting in sample recovery test. [Result] The medium dilution method （1：10 test solution, 0.5 ml/plate） could effectively eliminate the inhibition effect of the Bupi Qiangli Ointment, and the recovery of Staphylococcus aureus was greater than 70% in the 3 batches of samples; and the conventional method exhibited the recoveries of E. coil, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans and Aspergillus greater than 70% in the 3 batches of samples. [Conclusion] Due to Bupi Qiangli Ointment has strongly antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus au- reus, the medium dilution method was used for bacterial counting, and the conventional method was used for mold and yeast counting; and the conventional method was used for controlled bacterium examination of E. coll.
基金We are grateful to the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （NSFC） （31425002, 91231205, 81430011, 61303161, 31470220, and 31327001）, and the Frontier Science Research Program, the Soil-Microbe System Function and Regulation Program, and the Science and Technology Service Network Initiative （STS） from the Chinese Academy of Sciences （CAS）.
文摘Method development has always been and will continue to be a core driving force of microbiome science, In this perspective, we argue that in the next decade, method development in microbiome analysis will be driven by three key changes in both ways of thinking and technological platforms： ① a shift from dissecting microbiota structure by sequencing to tracking microbiota state, function, and intercellular interaction via imaging; ② a shift from interrogating a consortium or population of cells to probing individual cells; and ③a shift from microbiome data analysis to microbiome data science. Some of the recent methoddevelopment efforts by Chinese microbiome scientists and their international collaborators that underlie these technological trends are highlighted here. It is our belief that the China Microbiome Initiative has the opportunity to deliver outstanding ＂Made-in-China＂ tools to the international research community, by building an ambitious, competitive, and collaborative program at the forefront of method development for microbiome science.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51372038)Scientific Research Foundation of Graduate School of Southeast University(Grant No.YBJJ1453)333 Project of Jiangsu Province
文摘Cementing mechanism of bio-phosphate cement was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry(TG-DSC) analysis and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The results of FTIR and XPS show that Si-O bond and Si(2p) electron binding energy in sandstone cemented via chemical and microbiological methods are changed by the binding effects of barium hydrogen phosphate with quartz sand. Compared with barium hydrogen phosphate precipitated in solution, there were higher decomposition temperatures or melting points in sandstone. The FTIR, XPS, and TG-DSC results indicate that the microbial-induced and chemical precipitation of barium hydrogen phosphate can interact with quartz sand to generate van der Waals bond, which plays a role in the binding function between loose sand particles and barium hydrogen phosphate. SEM results show that barium hydrogen phosphate after chemical precipitation in sandstone has better dispersion than microbiological deposition. Therefore, barium hydrogen phosphate via chemical precipitation did not bind loose sand particles into sandstone.
基金Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China Project (Grant No. 2011IM010700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 91428308, 41422603 and 41176095)the State Oceanic Administration of China Project (Grant No. GASI-03-01-02-03)
文摘Marine microbes are major drivers of marine biogeochemical cycles and play critical roles in the ecosystems. Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria(AAPB) are an important bacterial functional group with capability of harvesting light energy and wide distribution, and appear to have a particular role in the ocean's carbon cycling. Yet the global pattern of AAPB distribution was controversial at the beginning of the 21 st century due to the defects of the AAPB enumeration methods. An advanced time-series observation-based infrared epifluorescence microscopy(TIREM) approach was established to amend the existing AAPB quantitative deviation and led to the accurate enumeration of AAPB in marine environments. The abundance of AAPB and AAPB% were higher in coastal and continental shelf waters than in oceanic waters, which does not support the idea that AAPB are specifically adapted to oligotrophic conditions due to photosynthesis in AAPB acting a supplement to their organic carbon respiration. Further investigation revealed that dependence of AAPB on dissolved organic carbon produced by phytoplankton(PDOC) may limit their competition and control AAPB distribution. So, the selection of carbon sources by AAPB indicated that they can effectively fractionate the carbon flow in the sea. Enlightened by these findings, the following studies on the interactions between marine microbes and DOC led to the discovery of a new mechanism of marine carbon sequestration—the Microbial Carbon Pump(MCP). The conceptual framework of MCP addresses the sources and mechanism of the vast DOC reservoir in the ocean and represents a breakthrough in the theory of ocean carbon sequestration.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41101305)
文摘Bioavailability is a key parameter in assessing contaminant transfer to biota. However, the input patterns and soil use types may impact the metal bioavailability. Several soil parameters were measured including chemical properties, such as pH, organic C, and Cu solution/solid speciation, and biological properties, such as soil microbial biomass C （SMBC）, seed germination, and root elongation, to evaluate the bioavailability of Cu contaminated soils from three different sources, i.e., non-ferrous metal mining, Cu-based fungicides, and Cu-smelting. The results revealed that free Cu2＋ ion in soil solution and the ratios of Cu fractions to total Cu content in the solid phase could not be used to predict total Cu content in soils. The indexes of seed germination and root elongation appeared not to be good biomonitors of Cu contamination in soils, which were more sensitive to soil pH and soil organic carbon （SOC）. Relationships between SMBC and soil Cu forms or the ratio of SMBC/SOC and soil Cu forms showed that free Cu2＋ ion and humie acid-complexed Cu could significantly inhibit soil microbial activities. Our findings suggested that both metal chemical forms and biological bioassays should be considered as a complementary technique rather than an alternative to evaluate the metal bioavailability from different pollution sources.
