为提高特高压直流输电线路的防雷保护水平,借鉴了±500 k V直流线路避雷器的设计经验,并结合实际线路运行情况,设计计算了±800 k V直流线路避雷器关键技术参数。最后,通过仿真计算分析,从理论上考察了所设计的线路避雷器对特...为提高特高压直流输电线路的防雷保护水平,借鉴了±500 k V直流线路避雷器的设计经验,并结合实际线路运行情况,设计计算了±800 k V直流线路避雷器关键技术参数。最后,通过仿真计算分析,从理论上考察了所设计的线路避雷器对特高压输电线路的防护效果及吸收能量情况。依据研究结果,提出了特高压直流线路避雷器额定电压为为960 k V,避雷器雷电冲击50%电压取值2 900 k V,标称放电电流为30 k A,外串间隙距离最大为2.0 m。仿真结果表明,所设计的避雷器能够显著提高杆塔反击和绕击耐雷水平,可靠保护该基杆塔,雷击极端情况下其通流容量为3.645 MJ,避雷器通过最大雷电流为72.3 k A。展开更多
In this paper, a 2-D airlift reactor was developed. The streamline and hydrodynamic parameters were measured in a 2-D airlift loop reactor(ALR)with different draft baffles. Three regimes were observed under different ...In this paper, a 2-D airlift reactor was developed. The streamline and hydrodynamic parameters were measured in a 2-D airlift loop reactor(ALR)with different draft baffles. Three regimes were observed under different conditions. Particle image velocimetry(PIV)measurement showed that the liquid velocity distribution in horizontal direction presented different profiles in the three regimes. The length, the height and the spacing of draft baffles were applied in the experiments to optimize the ALR structure. It was found that the draft tube structure is of great importance in determining the hydrodynamics of ALRs. Additionally, the experimental results may serve as a step to the further optimization and design of ALR.展开更多
Considering the dependent relationship among wave height,wind speed,and current velocity,we construct novel trivariate joint probability distributions via Archimedean copula functions.Total 30-year data of wave height...Considering the dependent relationship among wave height,wind speed,and current velocity,we construct novel trivariate joint probability distributions via Archimedean copula functions.Total 30-year data of wave height,wind speed,and current velocity in the Bohai Sea are hindcast and sampled for case study.Four kinds of distributions,namely,Gumbel distribution,lognormal distribution,Weibull distribution,and Pearson Type III distribution,are candidate models for marginal distributions of wave height,wind speed,and current velocity.The Pearson Type III distribution is selected as the optimal model.Bivariate and trivariate probability distributions of these environmental conditions are established based on four bivariate and trivariate Archimedean copulas,namely,Clayton,Frank,Gumbel-Hougaard,and Ali-Mikhail-Haq copulas.These joint probability models can maximize marginal information and the dependence among the three variables.The design return values of these three variables can be obtained by three methods:univariate probability,conditional probability,and joint probability.The joint return periods of different load combinations are estimated by the proposed models.Platform responses(including base shear,overturning moment,and deck displacement) are further calculated.For the same return period,the design values of wave height,wind speed,and current velocity obtained by the conditional and joint probability models are much smaller than those by univariate probability.Considering the dependence among variables,the multivariate probability distributions provide close design parameters to actual sea state for ocean platform design.展开更多
The designing method and the supporting mechanism of both bolt and small cable anchor for full seam roadway in the weaker thick coal seam are systematically analyzed, and the construction technology and the supporting...The designing method and the supporting mechanism of both bolt and small cable anchor for full seam roadway in the weaker thick coal seam are systematically analyzed, and the construction technology and the supporting results are briefly summarized.展开更多
文摘为提高特高压直流输电线路的防雷保护水平,借鉴了±500 k V直流线路避雷器的设计经验,并结合实际线路运行情况,设计计算了±800 k V直流线路避雷器关键技术参数。最后,通过仿真计算分析,从理论上考察了所设计的线路避雷器对特高压输电线路的防护效果及吸收能量情况。依据研究结果,提出了特高压直流线路避雷器额定电压为为960 k V,避雷器雷电冲击50%电压取值2 900 k V,标称放电电流为30 k A,外串间隙距离最大为2.0 m。仿真结果表明,所设计的避雷器能够显著提高杆塔反击和绕击耐雷水平,可靠保护该基杆塔,雷击极端情况下其通流容量为3.645 MJ,避雷器通过最大雷电流为72.3 k A。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21406157)
文摘In this paper, a 2-D airlift reactor was developed. The streamline and hydrodynamic parameters were measured in a 2-D airlift loop reactor(ALR)with different draft baffles. Three regimes were observed under different conditions. Particle image velocimetry(PIV)measurement showed that the liquid velocity distribution in horizontal direction presented different profiles in the three regimes. The length, the height and the spacing of draft baffles were applied in the experiments to optimize the ALR structure. It was found that the draft tube structure is of great importance in determining the hydrodynamics of ALRs. Additionally, the experimental results may serve as a step to the further optimization and design of ALR.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51479183)the National Key Research and Development Program,China(Nos.2016YFC0302301 and 2016YFC0803401)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University(No.201564003)
文摘Considering the dependent relationship among wave height,wind speed,and current velocity,we construct novel trivariate joint probability distributions via Archimedean copula functions.Total 30-year data of wave height,wind speed,and current velocity in the Bohai Sea are hindcast and sampled for case study.Four kinds of distributions,namely,Gumbel distribution,lognormal distribution,Weibull distribution,and Pearson Type III distribution,are candidate models for marginal distributions of wave height,wind speed,and current velocity.The Pearson Type III distribution is selected as the optimal model.Bivariate and trivariate probability distributions of these environmental conditions are established based on four bivariate and trivariate Archimedean copulas,namely,Clayton,Frank,Gumbel-Hougaard,and Ali-Mikhail-Haq copulas.These joint probability models can maximize marginal information and the dependence among the three variables.The design return values of these three variables can be obtained by three methods:univariate probability,conditional probability,and joint probability.The joint return periods of different load combinations are estimated by the proposed models.Platform responses(including base shear,overturning moment,and deck displacement) are further calculated.For the same return period,the design values of wave height,wind speed,and current velocity obtained by the conditional and joint probability models are much smaller than those by univariate probability.Considering the dependence among variables,the multivariate probability distributions provide close design parameters to actual sea state for ocean platform design.
文摘The designing method and the supporting mechanism of both bolt and small cable anchor for full seam roadway in the weaker thick coal seam are systematically analyzed, and the construction technology and the supporting results are briefly summarized.
