Although tumor gene therapy falls behind its clinical use, the combination of irradiation and gene therapy is full ofpromise in cancer therapy based on traditional radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery. We have terme...Although tumor gene therapy falls behind its clinical use, the combination of irradiation and gene therapy is full ofpromise in cancer therapy based on traditional radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery. We have termed it as radiogenic therapy. This review focuses on the following aspects of radiogenic therapy in recent years: improvement of gene transfer efficiency by irradiation, radiotherapy combined with cytokine gene delivery or enhancement of the immunity of tumor cells by transgene, direct stimulation by radiation toproduce cytotoxic agents, increase of tumor cell radiosensitivity in gene therapy by controlling the radiosensitivity genes and adjusting the fraction dose and interval of radiation so as to achieve the optimum antitumor effect while reducing the normal tissue damage, radioprotective gene therapy enhancing radiation tumor killing effect while protecting the normal tissue and organs with transgene using transfer vectors.展开更多
Pneumatic dilation(PD)is considered to be a safe and effective first line therapy for achalasia.The major adverse event caused by PD is esophageal perforation but an immediate gastrografin test may not always detect a...Pneumatic dilation(PD)is considered to be a safe and effective first line therapy for achalasia.The major adverse event caused by PD is esophageal perforation but an immediate gastrografin test may not always detect a perforation.It has been reported that delayed management of perforation for more than 24 h is associated with high mortality.Surgery is the treatment of choice within 24 h,but the management of delayed perforation remains controversial.Hereby,we report a delayed presentation of intrathoracic esophageal perforation following PD in a 48-year-old woman who suffered from achalasia.She completely recovered after intensive medical care.A review of the literature is also discussed.展开更多
Intraoperative radiotherapy （IORT） in its broadest sense refers to the delivery of radiation at the time of an opera- tion. It includes multiple techniques, namely intraoperative electron irradiation, intraoperative...Intraoperative radiotherapy （IORT） in its broadest sense refers to the delivery of radiation at the time of an opera- tion. It includes multiple techniques, namely intraoperative electron irradiation, intraoperative brachytherapy and intraopera- rive photon irradiation. It has a wide range of existing and potentially enlarging clinical applications. We will discuss in this review the rationale for and use of intraoperative irradiation in conjunction with surgical exploration with or without external- beam irradiation （EBRT） and chemotherapy.展开更多
Metastases of esophageal carcinoma to the skeletal muscle are rare,but the incidence may be increasing because of better diagnosis resulting from widespread use of positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/...Metastases of esophageal carcinoma to the skeletal muscle are rare,but the incidence may be increasing because of better diagnosis resulting from widespread use of positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT).A cohort of 205 patients with esophageal carcinoma treated at our center who had PET/CT between 2006 and 2010 was retrospectively evaluated for the presence of skeletal muscle metastases.Four patients had skeletal muscle metastases of esophageal carcinoma,including two patients with squamous cell carcinoma.In another patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus and synchronous skeletal muscle metastases,muscle metastases were subsequently shown to be related to second primary pancreatic adenocarcinoma.In all cases,skeletal muscle metastases were the first manifestation of systemic disease.In three patients palliation was obtained with the combination of external beam radiation therapy,systemic chemotherapy or surgical resection.Skeletal muscle metastases are a rare complication of esophageal carcinoma.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To analyze the relationship between the characteristics of PET/CT images for lung carcinoma(LC)TNM staging and the expression of serum VEGF protein. METHODS PET/CT examinations were performed before treatmen...OBJECTIVE To analyze the relationship between the characteristics of PET/CT images for lung carcinoma(LC)TNM staging and the expression of serum VEGF protein. METHODS PET/CT examinations were performed before treatment of 53 patients with LC.The expression of serum VEGF protein was examined using a quantitative sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA R and D system).The relationship was analyzed between PET/CT images for LC T-staging and metastasis(lymph nodes and distance)and serum VEGF expression. RESULTS Based on PET/CT images for LC T-staging,11 cases were staged as T1,9 as T2,18 as T3 and 15 as T4.Mediastinal nodal metastases were found in 22 patients,and distance metastasis in 9.The serum VEGF level in the LC patients was(378.02±180.79)ng/L,showing that there was a significant difference between the patients and healthy subjects(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the level of serum VEGF between different low T-staged(T1,T2)patients.However,the level of serum VEGF was significantly different between the low T-staged(T1,T2)and high T-staged (T3,T4)patients(P<0.05).The level of the serum VEGF protein in the patients with mediastinal nodal metastasis was(561.50±104.55)ng/L,and indicating that there was a statistical significance(t=12.21,P<0.05)compared to those in the non-metastatic group.The level of serum VEGF in the patients with distance metastasis was(614.11±158.81)ng/L,demonstrating that there was a significant difference(t=5.30,P<0.05)compared to those in the nondistant metastatic group. CONCLUSION ① There is a high level of serum VEGF expression in LC patients.②There is a correlation between metastases(lymph nodes and distance)and the level of serum VEGF. ③ With an upgrade of the TNM-stage,the level of serum VEGF protein is elevated.展开更多
Objective： The purpose of this study was to present the dosimetric study and evaluation the dose delivered to the skin tumor by using diode detector with total skin electron therapy （TSET）. Methods： The total skin...Objective： The purpose of this study was to present the dosimetric study and evaluation the dose delivered to the skin tumor by using diode detector with total skin electron therapy （TSET）. Methods： The total skin electron irradiation （TSEI） technique was used to treat ten patients with histological confirmed mycosis fungoides according to the Stanford staging system at the Radiotherapy Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt. High dose rate electron beams with low electron energy 5 MeV from a Siemens linear accelerator were used for treatment. Diodes were calibrated at TSET distance 300 cm and field size （35 × 35） cm^2. Results： The result of diodes measurements showed the dose to flat surface of the body was within ：1：10 % from the prescribed dose. Special areas of the body such as the perineum ＆ eyelid showed large deviation up to 30% variation from the prescription dose. Conclusion： The diode results of this study will be used as a quality assurance check for all new patients treated with TSET and to compare it to the prescribed dose delivered to the patients. It is recommends to evaluate the diodes measurements for all patients throughout the full treatment cycle and to identify individually the boost dose areas.展开更多
基金Supported by the Key Basic Research Project of Science and Technology Ministry of China, 2003CCB00200
文摘Although tumor gene therapy falls behind its clinical use, the combination of irradiation and gene therapy is full ofpromise in cancer therapy based on traditional radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery. We have termed it as radiogenic therapy. This review focuses on the following aspects of radiogenic therapy in recent years: improvement of gene transfer efficiency by irradiation, radiotherapy combined with cytokine gene delivery or enhancement of the immunity of tumor cells by transgene, direct stimulation by radiation toproduce cytotoxic agents, increase of tumor cell radiosensitivity in gene therapy by controlling the radiosensitivity genes and adjusting the fraction dose and interval of radiation so as to achieve the optimum antitumor effect while reducing the normal tissue damage, radioprotective gene therapy enhancing radiation tumor killing effect while protecting the normal tissue and organs with transgene using transfer vectors.
文摘Pneumatic dilation(PD)is considered to be a safe and effective first line therapy for achalasia.The major adverse event caused by PD is esophageal perforation but an immediate gastrografin test may not always detect a perforation.It has been reported that delayed management of perforation for more than 24 h is associated with high mortality.Surgery is the treatment of choice within 24 h,but the management of delayed perforation remains controversial.Hereby,we report a delayed presentation of intrathoracic esophageal perforation following PD in a 48-year-old woman who suffered from achalasia.She completely recovered after intensive medical care.A review of the literature is also discussed.
文摘Intraoperative radiotherapy （IORT） in its broadest sense refers to the delivery of radiation at the time of an opera- tion. It includes multiple techniques, namely intraoperative electron irradiation, intraoperative brachytherapy and intraopera- rive photon irradiation. It has a wide range of existing and potentially enlarging clinical applications. We will discuss in this review the rationale for and use of intraoperative irradiation in conjunction with surgical exploration with or without external- beam irradiation （EBRT） and chemotherapy.
文摘Metastases of esophageal carcinoma to the skeletal muscle are rare,but the incidence may be increasing because of better diagnosis resulting from widespread use of positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT).A cohort of 205 patients with esophageal carcinoma treated at our center who had PET/CT between 2006 and 2010 was retrospectively evaluated for the presence of skeletal muscle metastases.Four patients had skeletal muscle metastases of esophageal carcinoma,including two patients with squamous cell carcinoma.In another patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus and synchronous skeletal muscle metastases,muscle metastases were subsequently shown to be related to second primary pancreatic adenocarcinoma.In all cases,skeletal muscle metastases were the first manifestation of systemic disease.In three patients palliation was obtained with the combination of external beam radiation therapy,systemic chemotherapy or surgical resection.Skeletal muscle metastases are a rare complication of esophageal carcinoma.
基金a grant from theScientic Fund of the Public Health Bureau ofHunan Province(No.B2005139).
文摘OBJECTIVE To analyze the relationship between the characteristics of PET/CT images for lung carcinoma(LC)TNM staging and the expression of serum VEGF protein. METHODS PET/CT examinations were performed before treatment of 53 patients with LC.The expression of serum VEGF protein was examined using a quantitative sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA R and D system).The relationship was analyzed between PET/CT images for LC T-staging and metastasis(lymph nodes and distance)and serum VEGF expression. RESULTS Based on PET/CT images for LC T-staging,11 cases were staged as T1,9 as T2,18 as T3 and 15 as T4.Mediastinal nodal metastases were found in 22 patients,and distance metastasis in 9.The serum VEGF level in the LC patients was(378.02±180.79)ng/L,showing that there was a significant difference between the patients and healthy subjects(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the level of serum VEGF between different low T-staged(T1,T2)patients.However,the level of serum VEGF was significantly different between the low T-staged(T1,T2)and high T-staged (T3,T4)patients(P<0.05).The level of the serum VEGF protein in the patients with mediastinal nodal metastasis was(561.50±104.55)ng/L,and indicating that there was a statistical significance(t=12.21,P<0.05)compared to those in the non-metastatic group.The level of serum VEGF in the patients with distance metastasis was(614.11±158.81)ng/L,demonstrating that there was a significant difference(t=5.30,P<0.05)compared to those in the nondistant metastatic group. CONCLUSION ① There is a high level of serum VEGF expression in LC patients.②There is a correlation between metastases(lymph nodes and distance)and the level of serum VEGF. ③ With an upgrade of the TNM-stage,the level of serum VEGF protein is elevated.
文摘Objective： The purpose of this study was to present the dosimetric study and evaluation the dose delivered to the skin tumor by using diode detector with total skin electron therapy （TSET）. Methods： The total skin electron irradiation （TSEI） technique was used to treat ten patients with histological confirmed mycosis fungoides according to the Stanford staging system at the Radiotherapy Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt. High dose rate electron beams with low electron energy 5 MeV from a Siemens linear accelerator were used for treatment. Diodes were calibrated at TSET distance 300 cm and field size （35 × 35） cm^2. Results： The result of diodes measurements showed the dose to flat surface of the body was within ：1：10 % from the prescribed dose. Special areas of the body such as the perineum ＆ eyelid showed large deviation up to 30% variation from the prescription dose. Conclusion： The diode results of this study will be used as a quality assurance check for all new patients treated with TSET and to compare it to the prescribed dose delivered to the patients. It is recommends to evaluate the diodes measurements for all patients throughout the full treatment cycle and to identify individually the boost dose areas.
