An approach of simultaneous strategies with two novel techniques is proposed to improve the solution accuracy of chemical dynamic optimization problems. The first technique is to handle constraints on control vari- ab...An approach of simultaneous strategies with two novel techniques is proposed to improve the solution accuracy of chemical dynamic optimization problems. The first technique is to handle constraints on control vari- ables based on the finite-element collocation so as to control the approximation error for discrete optimal problems, where a set of control constraints at dement knots are integrated with the procedure for optimization leading to a significant gain in the accuracy of the simultaneous strategies. The second technique is to make the mesh refine- ment more feasible and reliable by introducing length constraints and guideline in designing appropriate element length boundaries, so that the proposed approach becomes more efficient in adjusting dements to track optimal control profile breakpoints and ensure accurate state and centrol profiles. Four classic benchmarks of dynamic op- timization problems are used as illustrations, and the proposed approach is compared with literature reports. The research results reveal that the proposed approach is preferz,ble in improving the solution accuracy of chemical dy- namic optimization problem.展开更多
This study examined Japanese patents in terms of the quantitative characteristics of application documents that resulted in the acquisition of rights in order to clarify the relationship between the features and paten...This study examined Japanese patents in terms of the quantitative characteristics of application documents that resulted in the acquisition of rights in order to clarify the relationship between the features and patentability of applications. The groups of approved applications and those that had not been approved were compared for 12 variables： publication time lag; numbers of inventors, classifications, pages, figures, tables, claims, priority claims, countries for priority claims, cited patents, and cited non-patent documents; and median of citation age. Furthermore, the authors carried out the experiments in which patent applications were automatically classified into two groups by the machine learning method, random forests. As a result, statistically significant differences between the two groups were observed for the following variables （p 〈 .001）： the numbers of inventors, pages, figures, claims, priority claims, and countries for priority claims were significantly larger in the group of approved applications, while the time lag until publication was smaller. In particular, the publication time lag and the numbers of inventors, pages, and figures were variables representing the features that largely contribute to discriminating approved applications in the classification using random forests, which implies that these have relatively strong relationships with patentability.展开更多
To quickly find documents with high similarity in existing documentation sets, fingerprint group merging retrieval algorithm is proposed to address both sides of the problem:a given similarity threshold could not be t...To quickly find documents with high similarity in existing documentation sets, fingerprint group merging retrieval algorithm is proposed to address both sides of the problem:a given similarity threshold could not be too low and fewer fingerprints could lead to low accuracy. It can be proved that the efficiency of similarity retrieval is improved by fingerprint group merging retrieval algorithm with lower similarity threshold. Experiments with the lower similarity threshold r=0.7 and high fingerprint bits k=400 demonstrate that the CPU time-consuming cost decreases from 1 921 s to 273 s. Theoretical analysis and experimental results verify the effectiveness of this method.展开更多
Mierocystis aeruginosa FACHB 905 was used as a model organism to study the ellects oI small water clusters （SWCs） on the growth and microcystin （MC） production of toxic cyanobacteria. The results showed that SWCs ...Mierocystis aeruginosa FACHB 905 was used as a model organism to study the ellects oI small water clusters （SWCs） on the growth and microcystin （MC） production of toxic cyanobacteria. The results showed that SWCs were able to stimulate the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa, which resulted in increased cell numbers and higher specific growth rates after a 30-d treatment. The cell morphology indicated that Microcystis aeruginosa was in a better state of growth, and it was more prone to divide in SWCs than in normal water clusters. The SWCs treatment up-regulated MC synthesis and exudation in 10 d in Microcystis aeruginosa, and the intra-cellular MC content de- creased after the 20th day subsequently. Moreover, the cellular photosynthetic pigment contents were temporarily stimulated by SWCs. A possible reason is that SWCs stimulated the growth by promoting photosynthesis, whereas the increased MC production was relevant to pigment contents.展开更多
基金Supported by the Joint Funds of NSFC-CNPC of China(U1162130)the International Cooperation and Exchange Project of Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province(2009C34008)+1 种基金the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(2006AA05Z226)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scientists(R4100133)
文摘An approach of simultaneous strategies with two novel techniques is proposed to improve the solution accuracy of chemical dynamic optimization problems. The first technique is to handle constraints on control vari- ables based on the finite-element collocation so as to control the approximation error for discrete optimal problems, where a set of control constraints at dement knots are integrated with the procedure for optimization leading to a significant gain in the accuracy of the simultaneous strategies. The second technique is to make the mesh refine- ment more feasible and reliable by introducing length constraints and guideline in designing appropriate element length boundaries, so that the proposed approach becomes more efficient in adjusting dements to track optimal control profile breakpoints and ensure accurate state and centrol profiles. Four classic benchmarks of dynamic op- timization problems are used as illustrations, and the proposed approach is compared with literature reports. The research results reveal that the proposed approach is preferz,ble in improving the solution accuracy of chemical dy- namic optimization problem.
文摘This study examined Japanese patents in terms of the quantitative characteristics of application documents that resulted in the acquisition of rights in order to clarify the relationship between the features and patentability of applications. The groups of approved applications and those that had not been approved were compared for 12 variables： publication time lag; numbers of inventors, classifications, pages, figures, tables, claims, priority claims, countries for priority claims, cited patents, and cited non-patent documents; and median of citation age. Furthermore, the authors carried out the experiments in which patent applications were automatically classified into two groups by the machine learning method, random forests. As a result, statistically significant differences between the two groups were observed for the following variables （p 〈 .001）： the numbers of inventors, pages, figures, claims, priority claims, and countries for priority claims were significantly larger in the group of approved applications, while the time lag until publication was smaller. In particular, the publication time lag and the numbers of inventors, pages, and figures were variables representing the features that largely contribute to discriminating approved applications in the classification using random forests, which implies that these have relatively strong relationships with patentability.
基金Project(60873081) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(NCET-10-0787) supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University, ChinaProject(11JJ1012) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China
文摘To quickly find documents with high similarity in existing documentation sets, fingerprint group merging retrieval algorithm is proposed to address both sides of the problem:a given similarity threshold could not be too low and fewer fingerprints could lead to low accuracy. It can be proved that the efficiency of similarity retrieval is improved by fingerprint group merging retrieval algorithm with lower similarity threshold. Experiments with the lower similarity threshold r=0.7 and high fingerprint bits k=400 demonstrate that the CPU time-consuming cost decreases from 1 921 s to 273 s. Theoretical analysis and experimental results verify the effectiveness of this method.
基金Supported by National High Technology Research and Development Program of China ("863" Program,No.2012AA063504)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20676094)Scientific Project of Ocean Development of Tianjin Oceanic Administration(No.KJXH2011-10)
文摘Mierocystis aeruginosa FACHB 905 was used as a model organism to study the ellects oI small water clusters （SWCs） on the growth and microcystin （MC） production of toxic cyanobacteria. The results showed that SWCs were able to stimulate the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa, which resulted in increased cell numbers and higher specific growth rates after a 30-d treatment. The cell morphology indicated that Microcystis aeruginosa was in a better state of growth, and it was more prone to divide in SWCs than in normal water clusters. The SWCs treatment up-regulated MC synthesis and exudation in 10 d in Microcystis aeruginosa, and the intra-cellular MC content de- creased after the 20th day subsequently. Moreover, the cellular photosynthetic pigment contents were temporarily stimulated by SWCs. A possible reason is that SWCs stimulated the growth by promoting photosynthesis, whereas the increased MC production was relevant to pigment contents.
