An anodic TiO2/g-C3N4 hetero-junction and cathodic WO3/W were used to build a self-sustained catalytic fuel cell system for oxidizing rhodamine B or triclosan and reducing NO3^--N to N2 simultaneously.The WO3 nano-cat...An anodic TiO2/g-C3N4 hetero-junction and cathodic WO3/W were used to build a self-sustained catalytic fuel cell system for oxidizing rhodamine B or triclosan and reducing NO3^--N to N2 simultaneously.The WO3 nano-catalyst was formed in situ by heating and oxidizing a tungsten wire in air.Cyclic voltammetry and current-time curves were used to characterize the electrochemical properties of the electrodes and system.Aeration and activation of molecular oxygen by self-biased TiO2/g-C3N4 led to the formation of reactive oxidizing species in the fuel cell.The mechanism of simultaneous anodic oxidation of pollutants and cathodic reduction of nitrate was proposed.The spontaneously formed circuit and tiny current were used simultaneously in treating two kinds of wastewater in the reactor chambers,even without light illumination or an external applied voltage.This new catalytic pollution control route can lower energy consumption and degrade many other kinds of pollutants.展开更多
Narrow spectral response,low charge separation efficiency and slow water oxidation kinetics of TiO_(2)limit its application in photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic water splitting.Herein,a promising organic/inorgan...Narrow spectral response,low charge separation efficiency and slow water oxidation kinetics of TiO_(2)limit its application in photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic water splitting.Herein,a promising organic/inorganic composite catalyst Ag/PANI/3DOMM‐TiO_(2–x)with a three‐dimensional ordered macro‐and meso‐porous(3DO MM)structure,oxygen vacancy and Ti^(3+)defects,heterojunction formation and noble metal Ag was designed based on the Z‐scheme mechanism and successfully prepared.The Ag/PANI/3DOMM‐TiO_(2–x)ternary catalyst exhibited enhanced hydrogen production activity in both photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical water splitting.The photocatalytic hydrogen production rate is 420.90μmol g^(–1)h^(–1),which are 19.80 times and 2.06 times higher than the commercial P25 and 3DOMM‐TiO_(2),respectively.In the photoelectrochemical tests,the Ag/PANI/3DOMM‐TiO_(2–x)photoelectrode shows enhanced separation and transfer of carriers with a high current density of 1.55 mA cm^(–2)at equilibrium potential of 1.23 V under simulated AM 1.5 G illumination,which is approximately 5 times greater than the 3DOMM‐TiO_(2).The present work has demonstrated the promising potential of organic/inorganic Z‐scheme photocatalyst in driving water splitting for hydrogen production.展开更多
Based on field observations carried out in August, 2008, we obtained a set of data on velocity, hydrography, and hydroehemistry in the Luzon Strait, with which the velocity structure of the area, especially in deep ch...Based on field observations carried out in August, 2008, we obtained a set of data on velocity, hydrography, and hydroehemistry in the Luzon Strait, with which the velocity structure of the area, especially in deep channels, was analyzed, and the material fluxes, including water, dissolved oxygen, and nutrients were calculated. The results indicate that a net eastward water flux of 7.0 Sv occurred through the Luzon Strait. The deep layer flux in the southern part, through the deep channel, was westward with a value of 1.9 Sv, which confirms that deep Pacific water flows into the South China Sea via the deep passage in the Luzon Strait. Accordingly, the net flux of dissolved oxygen was 13.2× 10 5 mol/s, and the values for dissolved inorganic nitrogen, phosphate and silicate were 4.6× 10 4 mol/s, 2.4× 10 3 mol/s, and 8.9×10 4 mol/s, respectively. Detailed descriptions of these material fluxes in the upper layer, the upper-intermediate layer, the lower-intermediate layer, and the deep layer through the Luzon Strait are discussed. These results and interpretations highlight the importance of material exchanges between the South China Sea and the Pacific Ocean.展开更多
A severe Cochlodinium geminatum red tide (>300 km2) was observed in the Zhujiang (Pearl) River estuary, South China Sea in autumn 2009. We evaluated the environmental conditions and phytoplankton community structur...A severe Cochlodinium geminatum red tide (>300 km2) was observed in the Zhujiang (Pearl) River estuary, South China Sea in autumn 2009. We evaluated the environmental conditions and phytoplankton community structure during the outbreak. The red tide water mass had significantly higher dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP), ammonia, and temperature, but significantly lower nitrite, nitrate, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), and DIN/DIP relative to the non-red-tide zones. The phytoplankton assemblage was dominated by dinoflagellates and diatoms during the red tide. C. geminatum was the most abundant species, with a peak density of 4.13×107 cell/L, accounting for >65% of the total phytoplankton density. The DIN/DIP ratio was the most important predictor of species, accounting for 12.45% of the total variation in the phytoplankton community. Heavy phosphorus loading, low precipitation, and severe saline intrusion were likely responsible for the bloom of C. geminatum.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21177018, 21677025)the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities (B13012)~~
文摘An anodic TiO2/g-C3N4 hetero-junction and cathodic WO3/W were used to build a self-sustained catalytic fuel cell system for oxidizing rhodamine B or triclosan and reducing NO3^--N to N2 simultaneously.The WO3 nano-catalyst was formed in situ by heating and oxidizing a tungsten wire in air.Cyclic voltammetry and current-time curves were used to characterize the electrochemical properties of the electrodes and system.Aeration and activation of molecular oxygen by self-biased TiO2/g-C3N4 led to the formation of reactive oxidizing species in the fuel cell.The mechanism of simultaneous anodic oxidation of pollutants and cathodic reduction of nitrate was proposed.The spontaneously formed circuit and tiny current were used simultaneously in treating two kinds of wastewater in the reactor chambers,even without light illumination or an external applied voltage.This new catalytic pollution control route can lower energy consumption and degrade many other kinds of pollutants.
文摘Narrow spectral response,low charge separation efficiency and slow water oxidation kinetics of TiO_(2)limit its application in photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic water splitting.Herein,a promising organic/inorganic composite catalyst Ag/PANI/3DOMM‐TiO_(2–x)with a three‐dimensional ordered macro‐and meso‐porous(3DO MM)structure,oxygen vacancy and Ti^(3+)defects,heterojunction formation and noble metal Ag was designed based on the Z‐scheme mechanism and successfully prepared.The Ag/PANI/3DOMM‐TiO_(2–x)ternary catalyst exhibited enhanced hydrogen production activity in both photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical water splitting.The photocatalytic hydrogen production rate is 420.90μmol g^(–1)h^(–1),which are 19.80 times and 2.06 times higher than the commercial P25 and 3DOMM‐TiO_(2),respectively.In the photoelectrochemical tests,the Ag/PANI/3DOMM‐TiO_(2–x)photoelectrode shows enhanced separation and transfer of carriers with a high current density of 1.55 mA cm^(–2)at equilibrium potential of 1.23 V under simulated AM 1.5 G illumination,which is approximately 5 times greater than the 3DOMM‐TiO_(2).The present work has demonstrated the promising potential of organic/inorganic Z‐scheme photocatalyst in driving water splitting for hydrogen production.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.40906004,40776005 and 40890153)National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (2008AA09A402)Polar Science Foundation of China (20080206)
文摘Based on field observations carried out in August, 2008, we obtained a set of data on velocity, hydrography, and hydroehemistry in the Luzon Strait, with which the velocity structure of the area, especially in deep channels, was analyzed, and the material fluxes, including water, dissolved oxygen, and nutrients were calculated. The results indicate that a net eastward water flux of 7.0 Sv occurred through the Luzon Strait. The deep layer flux in the southern part, through the deep channel, was westward with a value of 1.9 Sv, which confirms that deep Pacific water flows into the South China Sea via the deep passage in the Luzon Strait. Accordingly, the net flux of dissolved oxygen was 13.2× 10 5 mol/s, and the values for dissolved inorganic nitrogen, phosphate and silicate were 4.6× 10 4 mol/s, 2.4× 10 3 mol/s, and 8.9×10 4 mol/s, respectively. Detailed descriptions of these material fluxes in the upper layer, the upper-intermediate layer, the lower-intermediate layer, and the deep layer through the Luzon Strait are discussed. These results and interpretations highlight the importance of material exchanges between the South China Sea and the Pacific Ocean.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.41006066, 41130855)the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. SQ200907)the Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province (No. 2009B030600004)
文摘A severe Cochlodinium geminatum red tide (>300 km2) was observed in the Zhujiang (Pearl) River estuary, South China Sea in autumn 2009. We evaluated the environmental conditions and phytoplankton community structure during the outbreak. The red tide water mass had significantly higher dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP), ammonia, and temperature, but significantly lower nitrite, nitrate, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), and DIN/DIP relative to the non-red-tide zones. The phytoplankton assemblage was dominated by dinoflagellates and diatoms during the red tide. C. geminatum was the most abundant species, with a peak density of 4.13×107 cell/L, accounting for >65% of the total phytoplankton density. The DIN/DIP ratio was the most important predictor of species, accounting for 12.45% of the total variation in the phytoplankton community. Heavy phosphorus loading, low precipitation, and severe saline intrusion were likely responsible for the bloom of C. geminatum.
