High-frequency S-wave seismogram envelopes of microearthquakes broaden with increasing travel distance,a phenomenon known as S-wave envelope broadening. Multiple forward scattering and diffraction for the random inhom...High-frequency S-wave seismogram envelopes of microearthquakes broaden with increasing travel distance,a phenomenon known as S-wave envelope broadening. Multiple forward scattering and diffraction for the random inhomogeneities along the seismic ray path are the main causes of S-wave envelope broadening,so the phenomenon of S-wave envelope broadening is used to study the inhomogeneity of the medium. The peak delay time of an S-wave,which is defined as the time lag from the direct S-wave onset to the maximum amplitude arrival of its envelope,is accepted to quantify S-wave envelope broadening. 204 small earthquake records in Changbaishan Tianchi volcano were analyzed by the S-wave envelope broadening algorithm. The results show that S-wave envelope broadening in the Changbaishan Tianchi volcano is obvious,and that the peak delay time of S-wave has a positive correlation with the hypocenter distance and frequency of the S-wave. The relationships between the S-wave peak delay time and the hypocenter distance for different frequency bands were obtained using the statistics method. The results are beneficial to the understanding of the S-wave envelope broadening phenomena and the quantitative research on the inhomogeneities of the crust medium in the Changbaishan Tianchi volcano region.展开更多
This paper, using the dataset of BBFs （bursty bulk flows） observed by two Cluster satellites C1 and C4, studies the difference between onset times of BBFs observed by C1 and C4. It is found that the onset time diffe...This paper, using the dataset of BBFs （bursty bulk flows） observed by two Cluster satellites C1 and C4, studies the difference between onset times of BBFs observed by C1 and C4. It is found that the onset time differences of most of BBFs observed by Cl and C4 are smaller than 60 s. The average onset time difference of BBFs of CI and C4 is 68.5 s. The probabilities of onset time difference of BBFs of C1 and C4 larger than 30, 60, 90 and 120 s are respectively 55%, 35%, 27% and 23%. The largest onset time difference of BBFs of C1 and C4 decreases with the increase of earthward component of maximum velocities of BBFs. The onset time difference of BBFs of C1 and C4 results from the velocity inhomogeneity inside the flow channel of BBF, which may be produced in propagation path and/or in source region of BBFs. Such a wide range of onset time difference of BBFs suggests that the velocity inhomogeneity inside the flow channel of BBF is various. These results are very important to the current study of substorm research based on THEMIS data because they indicate that it is impossible to determine the onset time of BBF with a single satellite.展开更多
An efficient method for attosecond extreme ultraviolet source generation under the two-color multi-cycle weak pulse has been theoretically presented by using the concept of the plasmonic field enhancement in the vicin...An efficient method for attosecond extreme ultraviolet source generation under the two-color multi-cycle weak pulse has been theoretically presented by using the concept of the plasmonic field enhancement in the vicinity of metallic nanostructures. The results show that by properly choosing the inhomogeneity of the two-color multi-cycle(20 fs) weak pulse(1013W/cm2), not only the harmonic cutoff has been extended, resulting in a broadband XUV continuum, but also the single short quantum path has been selected to contribute to the harmonic. As a result, two isolated XUV pulses with durations of 68 as and 66 as can be obtained.展开更多
基金sponsored by the National Key Technology R&D Program (2006BAC01B04)the Joint Earthquake Science Foundation (A08026,A07138),China
文摘High-frequency S-wave seismogram envelopes of microearthquakes broaden with increasing travel distance,a phenomenon known as S-wave envelope broadening. Multiple forward scattering and diffraction for the random inhomogeneities along the seismic ray path are the main causes of S-wave envelope broadening,so the phenomenon of S-wave envelope broadening is used to study the inhomogeneity of the medium. The peak delay time of an S-wave,which is defined as the time lag from the direct S-wave onset to the maximum amplitude arrival of its envelope,is accepted to quantify S-wave envelope broadening. 204 small earthquake records in Changbaishan Tianchi volcano were analyzed by the S-wave envelope broadening algorithm. The results show that S-wave envelope broadening in the Changbaishan Tianchi volcano is obvious,and that the peak delay time of S-wave has a positive correlation with the hypocenter distance and frequency of the S-wave. The relationships between the S-wave peak delay time and the hypocenter distance for different frequency bands were obtained using the statistics method. The results are beneficial to the understanding of the S-wave envelope broadening phenomena and the quantitative research on the inhomogeneities of the crust medium in the Changbaishan Tianchi volcano region.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40931054 and 41174141)National Basic Research Program of China ("973" Program) (Grant No. 2011CB811404)
文摘This paper, using the dataset of BBFs （bursty bulk flows） observed by two Cluster satellites C1 and C4, studies the difference between onset times of BBFs observed by C1 and C4. It is found that the onset time differences of most of BBFs observed by Cl and C4 are smaller than 60 s. The average onset time difference of BBFs of CI and C4 is 68.5 s. The probabilities of onset time difference of BBFs of C1 and C4 larger than 30, 60, 90 and 120 s are respectively 55%, 35%, 27% and 23%. The largest onset time difference of BBFs of C1 and C4 decreases with the increase of earthward component of maximum velocities of BBFs. The onset time difference of BBFs of C1 and C4 results from the velocity inhomogeneity inside the flow channel of BBF, which may be produced in propagation path and/or in source region of BBFs. Such a wide range of onset time difference of BBFs suggests that the velocity inhomogeneity inside the flow channel of BBF is various. These results are very important to the current study of substorm research based on THEMIS data because they indicate that it is impossible to determine the onset time of BBF with a single satellite.
基金Supported by the Scientific Research Fund of Liaoning University of Technology of China under Grant No.X201319the Scientific Research Fund of Liaoning Provincial Education Department under Grant No.L2014242
文摘An efficient method for attosecond extreme ultraviolet source generation under the two-color multi-cycle weak pulse has been theoretically presented by using the concept of the plasmonic field enhancement in the vicinity of metallic nanostructures. The results show that by properly choosing the inhomogeneity of the two-color multi-cycle(20 fs) weak pulse(1013W/cm2), not only the harmonic cutoff has been extended, resulting in a broadband XUV continuum, but also the single short quantum path has been selected to contribute to the harmonic. As a result, two isolated XUV pulses with durations of 68 as and 66 as can be obtained.
