AIM: To investigate serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in relation to the clinical,biochemical,ultrasonographic and histological characteristics of patients with hepatitis C virus. METHODS: Duration of diseas...AIM: To investigate serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in relation to the clinical,biochemical,ultrasonographic and histological characteristics of patients with hepatitis C virus. METHODS: Duration of disease,HCV-RNA,liver steatosis,and the hepatitis activity index (HAI) were correlated with serum ALT in 36 patients with HCV. ALT values were also investigated in 16 control subjects without any liver diseases. RESULTS: In bivariate analyses,ALT levels correlated with duration of HCV infection (P < 0.01),HCV-RNA (P < 0.05),and the HAI (P < 0.01). Among the components of the HAI,ALT concentrations were significantly associated with periportal bridging/necrosis (P < 0.01) and fibrosis (P < 0.05). In multivariate analysis,periportal bridging/ necrosis (β = 0.508; P < 0.01),duration of HCV infection (β = 0.413; P < 0.01),and HCV-RNA (β = 0.253; P < 0.05) were independently associated with ALT activity. The normal ALT activity for men and women was < 23 IU/L and < 22 IU/L,respectively. CONCLUSION: In patients with HCV,alterations in the liver tissue as reflected by ALT elevation are mainly associated with periportal bridging/necrosis,viral load and duration of disease. A cut-off value < 23 IU/L distinguished with high diagnostic accuracy healthy controls from patients with HCV.展开更多
The research roots of 19fluorine （19F） magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） date back over 35 years. Over that time span, 1H imaging flourished and was adopted worldwide with an endless array of applications and imagi...The research roots of 19fluorine （19F） magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） date back over 35 years. Over that time span, 1H imaging flourished and was adopted worldwide with an endless array of applications and imaging approaches, making magnetic resonance an indispensable pillar of biomedical diagnostic imaging. For many years during this timeframe, 19F imaging research continued at a slow pace as the various attributes of the technique were explored. However, over the last decade and particularly the last several years, the pace and clinical relevance of 19F imaging has exploded. In part, this is due to advances in MRI instrumentation, ~gF/1H coil designs, and ultrafast pulse sequence development for both preclinical and clinical scanners. These achievements, coupled with interest in the molecular imaging of anatomy and physiology, and combined with a cadre of innovative agents, have brought the concept of ~gF into early clinical evaluation. In this review, we attempt to provide a slice of this rich history of research and development, with a particular focus on liquid perfluorocarbon compound-based agents.展开更多
Objective： We investigated the relationship between the expression of Caspase-3, cell proliferation and apoptosis in gastric cancer and their precancerous lesions, to explore the tumorigenesis of the stomach mucosa. ...Objective： We investigated the relationship between the expression of Caspase-3, cell proliferation and apoptosis in gastric cancer and their precancerous lesions, to explore the tumorigenesis of the stomach mucosa. Methods： Caspase- 3 expression in 13 normal gastric mucosa, 6 chronic atrophic gastritis （CAG）, 31 intestinal metaplasia （IM）, 114 dysplasia （DYS） and 20 gastric carcinomas were investigated immunohistochemically. Cell proliferation was evaluated with anti-Ki-67 immunostaining and apoptosis was evaluated using DNA fragmentation in situ by TdT-mediated dUTP biotin nick end labeling （TUNEL） method. Results： Caspase-3 mild-moderately positive expression was observed in most of normal superficial epithelia, its positively polar distribution in normal mucosa, CAG, IM, DYS and gastric carcinomas changed as seen in TU- NEL, and so did the positive rate. Caspase-3 protein expression showed significantly positive correlation with the number of apoptotic cells labeled with TUNEL （correlation coefficient r = 0,94; P 〈 0101）. Ki-67 expression showed a negative but not significant correlation trend with Caspase-3 （correlation coefficient r = -0.23; P 〉 0.05）. Conclusion： Caspase-3 protein expression was up-regulated from CAG to IM and mild-moderate atypical dysplasia, but down-regulated in severe dysplasia and gastric carcinoma, indicating that inactivity or reduced expression of Caspase-3 is closely correlated with carcinogenesis of the stomach mucosa.展开更多
The aim of this paper is the analysis of methodology for selecting the best model for forecasting of fuelwood demand in Greece for the years 2020, 2025 and 2030 with a final objective the decision-making in the sector...The aim of this paper is the analysis of methodology for selecting the best model for forecasting of fuelwood demand in Greece for the years 2020, 2025 and 2030 with a final objective the decision-making in the sector of forest bioenergy. A complete time series of historical data exists that concerns： （a） the consumption of fuelwood and （b） the six most important from the independent variables that could influence the consumption of fuelwood, whose data cover the time period 1989-2010. The evaluation and choice of the best model was realized with the help of the following six statistical criteria： （a） the size of standard error of theoretical values of dependant variable, S. E.; （b） the value of adjusted R square （R2）; （c） the non-existence of autocorrelation among the residuals （ei） through the criterion Durbin-Watson; （d） the statistical significance of models coefficients through t criterion; （e） the statistical significance of models through F criterion and （f） the non-existence of multicolinearity through the values of Variance Inflation Factor.展开更多
Giovanni Antonio Bazzi （1477-1549）, also known as I1 Sodoma, was a Milanese painter who developed his mature style in Siena during the early Cinquecento. Between 1505 and 1510, under the tutelage of the Chigi and Pe...Giovanni Antonio Bazzi （1477-1549）, also known as I1 Sodoma, was a Milanese painter who developed his mature style in Siena during the early Cinquecento. Between 1505 and 1510, under the tutelage of the Chigi and Petrucci families, Bazzi depicted mythological paintings focusing on the personifications of love both terrestrial and celestial. This paper looks at two such works. In one, there hangs on a sycamore tree a classical cartello with the Latin inscription Celestes, meaning celestial or heavenly, providing the title for the painting Amore Celeste （Celestial Love, Figure 3）. A woman, as the personification of love, stands in front of two altars. She ignites one urn with fire and at the same time pours water over another burning fire. In the second work, a tondo with the theme of Terrestrial Love and Celestial Love, Bazzi considered the mischievousness of Venus＇ children Eros and Anteros （Figure 12）. These paintings are mythological and poetical delights with complex symbolism, here analyzed in terms of their iconography in relation to classical influences and Renaissance Neoplatonic love or furor divinus. The paradoxical quest of Renaissance Neoplatonic love was to fuse pagan love with Christian love. For the humanists of the time （Bembo, Colonna, Poliziano, Ficino and Pico） this moral dilemma was a philosophical puzzle, but for artists （Botticelli, Nicoletto da Modena, Pinturicchio and Bazzi） the theme was a pictorial challenge.展开更多
Objective： The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the negative lymph node （LN） count on the survival of the breast cancer patients in early stage after the axillary dissection. Methods： The breast...Objective： The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the negative lymph node （LN） count on the survival of the breast cancer patients in early stage after the axillary dissection. Methods： The breast cancer patients with T1-2N0-1M0 stage between January 2001 and December 2005 in Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, who underwent the axillary LNs dissection, were enrolled in this study. We analyzed the data of these patients including information of follow-up and postop- erative pathological results. All patients were divided into two groups according to the axillary LN status and each group was divided into four subgroups according to the negative LN count. Cox regression analysis was performed to screen the patho- logical factor including the negative LN count on the survival and to compare the different negative LN count on the survival. Results： COX proportional hazard regression model showed that the survival of the breast cancer was significantly associ- ated with the negative LN count. In T1 2N0 group, when the negative LN count was 3 or less, 4 to 5, 6 to 9 and 10 or more, the median survival time was （82.6 ±4.1） months, （101.5 ± 1.3） months, （104.7 ±1.0） months, and （110.5 ±0.9） months respectively （P 〈 0.05）. In T1-2N0 group, when the negative LN count was 6 or less, 7 to 8, 9 to 10 and 11 or more, the median survival time was （95.4 ± 1.9） months, （101.8 ± 1.1） months, （104.9 ± 1.0） months, and （106.5 ± 0.9） months respectively （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： The negative LN count can reflect the adequacy of the axillary dissection. Increasing negative LN count is independently associated with improved survival in pT1-2N0M0 or pT1-2N0M0 staging breast cancer patients. The negative LN count should be considered for incorporation into staging for breast cancer with the axillary LN dissection.展开更多
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the perioperative expression of the peripheral blood hnRNP B1 mRNA in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and its clinical significance. Methods: Using real ...Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the perioperative expression of the peripheral blood hnRNP B1 mRNA in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and its clinical significance. Methods: Using real time FQ-RT-PCR, we detected the expression of peripheral blood hnRNP B1 mRNA in 30 NSCLC patients on preoperative d3 and postoperative d3, d5, and d10, respectively. Results: The ΔΔCt value of hnRNP B1 in NSCLC patients on preoperative d3 was significantly different from those on postoperative d5 and d10 (P = 0.00), but not different from postoperative d3 (P = 0.12). The ΔΔCt values of patients with squamous cell carcinoma were significantly different from those with other pathological types on preoperative d3 (P = 0.02) and postoperative d3 (P = 0.01). Whereas, the ΔΔCt values were not related to gender, pathological stage and lymph node metastasis (P > 0.05). ΔΔCt values in patients with different pathology classifications had no differences on postoperative d5 and d10 (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The expression of peripheral blood hnRNP B1 mRNA in NSCLC patients decreased gradually after operation, which may be used in assessment of the therapeutic efficacy of the operation and prognosis, and the monitor of the tumor recurrence. In addition, preoperative and early postoperative expression of peripheral blood hnRNP B1 mRNA in NSCLC patients may be related to pathological types.展开更多
This article presents an effective approach to polysemous-word acquisition based on cognitive linguistics. Although it may be true that most vocabulary is acquired through incidental learning, acquiring words through ...This article presents an effective approach to polysemous-word acquisition based on cognitive linguistics. Although it may be true that most vocabulary is acquired through incidental learning, acquiring words through inferring from context is not necessarily the most effective or efficient method in instructional setting. Results of a series of vocabulary tests involving Chinese learners of English show that providing a core sense leads to better guessing and long-term retention of figurative senses of polysemous words. In this article, some practical implications are suggested for reference.展开更多
Using 1200 CPUs of the National Supercomputer TH-A1 and a parallel integral algorithm based on the 3500th-order Taylor expansion and the 4180-digit multiple precision data,we have done a reliable simulation of chaotic...Using 1200 CPUs of the National Supercomputer TH-A1 and a parallel integral algorithm based on the 3500th-order Taylor expansion and the 4180-digit multiple precision data,we have done a reliable simulation of chaotic solution of Lorenz equation in a rather long interval 0 t 10000 LTU(Lorenz time unit).Such a kind of mathematically reliable chaotic simulation has never been reported.It provides us a numerical benchmark for mathematically reliable long-term prediction of chaos.Besides,it also proposes a safe method for mathematically reliable simulations of chaos in a finite but long enough interval.In addition,our very fine simulations suggest that such a kind of mathematically reliable long-term prediction of chaotic solution might have no physical meanings,because the inherent physical micro-level uncertainty due to thermal fluctuation might quickly transfer into macroscopic uncertainty so that trajectories for a long enough time would be essentially uncertain in physics.展开更多
We construct analytical self-similar solutions for the generalized (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrdinger equation with polynomial nonlinearity of arbitrary order. As an example, we list self-similar solutions of quin...We construct analytical self-similar solutions for the generalized (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrdinger equation with polynomial nonlinearity of arbitrary order. As an example, we list self-similar solutions of quintic nonlinear Schrdinger equation with distributed dispersion and distributed linear gain, including bright similariton solution, fractional and combined Jacobian elliptic function solutions. Moreover, we discuss self-similar evolutional dynamic behaviors of these solutions in the dispersion decreasing fiber and the periodic distributed amplification system.展开更多
文摘AIM: To investigate serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in relation to the clinical,biochemical,ultrasonographic and histological characteristics of patients with hepatitis C virus. METHODS: Duration of disease,HCV-RNA,liver steatosis,and the hepatitis activity index (HAI) were correlated with serum ALT in 36 patients with HCV. ALT values were also investigated in 16 control subjects without any liver diseases. RESULTS: In bivariate analyses,ALT levels correlated with duration of HCV infection (P < 0.01),HCV-RNA (P < 0.05),and the HAI (P < 0.01). Among the components of the HAI,ALT concentrations were significantly associated with periportal bridging/necrosis (P < 0.01) and fibrosis (P < 0.05). In multivariate analysis,periportal bridging/ necrosis (β = 0.508; P < 0.01),duration of HCV infection (β = 0.413; P < 0.01),and HCV-RNA (β = 0.253; P < 0.05) were independently associated with ALT activity. The normal ALT activity for men and women was < 23 IU/L and < 22 IU/L,respectively. CONCLUSION: In patients with HCV,alterations in the liver tissue as reflected by ALT elevation are mainly associated with periportal bridging/necrosis,viral load and duration of disease. A cut-off value < 23 IU/L distinguished with high diagnostic accuracy healthy controls from patients with HCV.
基金supported in whole or part by grants from the National Institutes of Health (CA154737, CA199092, HL122471, HL112518, HL113392, and HHSN26820140042C for Gregory M.Lanza AR067491, DK102691, and HL073646 for Samuel A.Wickline)We appreciate the further support provided the Barnes-Jewish Research Foundation
文摘The research roots of 19fluorine （19F） magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） date back over 35 years. Over that time span, 1H imaging flourished and was adopted worldwide with an endless array of applications and imaging approaches, making magnetic resonance an indispensable pillar of biomedical diagnostic imaging. For many years during this timeframe, 19F imaging research continued at a slow pace as the various attributes of the technique were explored. However, over the last decade and particularly the last several years, the pace and clinical relevance of 19F imaging has exploded. In part, this is due to advances in MRI instrumentation, ~gF/1H coil designs, and ultrafast pulse sequence development for both preclinical and clinical scanners. These achievements, coupled with interest in the molecular imaging of anatomy and physiology, and combined with a cadre of innovative agents, have brought the concept of ~gF into early clinical evaluation. In this review, we attempt to provide a slice of this rich history of research and development, with a particular focus on liquid perfluorocarbon compound-based agents.
基金Supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30070845, 30271607, 30600286)Climbing Scholars of the Universities in Liaoning Province (2009–2011)
文摘Objective： We investigated the relationship between the expression of Caspase-3, cell proliferation and apoptosis in gastric cancer and their precancerous lesions, to explore the tumorigenesis of the stomach mucosa. Methods： Caspase- 3 expression in 13 normal gastric mucosa, 6 chronic atrophic gastritis （CAG）, 31 intestinal metaplasia （IM）, 114 dysplasia （DYS） and 20 gastric carcinomas were investigated immunohistochemically. Cell proliferation was evaluated with anti-Ki-67 immunostaining and apoptosis was evaluated using DNA fragmentation in situ by TdT-mediated dUTP biotin nick end labeling （TUNEL） method. Results： Caspase-3 mild-moderately positive expression was observed in most of normal superficial epithelia, its positively polar distribution in normal mucosa, CAG, IM, DYS and gastric carcinomas changed as seen in TU- NEL, and so did the positive rate. Caspase-3 protein expression showed significantly positive correlation with the number of apoptotic cells labeled with TUNEL （correlation coefficient r = 0,94; P 〈 0101）. Ki-67 expression showed a negative but not significant correlation trend with Caspase-3 （correlation coefficient r = -0.23; P 〉 0.05）. Conclusion： Caspase-3 protein expression was up-regulated from CAG to IM and mild-moderate atypical dysplasia, but down-regulated in severe dysplasia and gastric carcinoma, indicating that inactivity or reduced expression of Caspase-3 is closely correlated with carcinogenesis of the stomach mucosa.
文摘The aim of this paper is the analysis of methodology for selecting the best model for forecasting of fuelwood demand in Greece for the years 2020, 2025 and 2030 with a final objective the decision-making in the sector of forest bioenergy. A complete time series of historical data exists that concerns： （a） the consumption of fuelwood and （b） the six most important from the independent variables that could influence the consumption of fuelwood, whose data cover the time period 1989-2010. The evaluation and choice of the best model was realized with the help of the following six statistical criteria： （a） the size of standard error of theoretical values of dependant variable, S. E.; （b） the value of adjusted R square （R2）; （c） the non-existence of autocorrelation among the residuals （ei） through the criterion Durbin-Watson; （d） the statistical significance of models coefficients through t criterion; （e） the statistical significance of models through F criterion and （f） the non-existence of multicolinearity through the values of Variance Inflation Factor.
文摘Giovanni Antonio Bazzi （1477-1549）, also known as I1 Sodoma, was a Milanese painter who developed his mature style in Siena during the early Cinquecento. Between 1505 and 1510, under the tutelage of the Chigi and Petrucci families, Bazzi depicted mythological paintings focusing on the personifications of love both terrestrial and celestial. This paper looks at two such works. In one, there hangs on a sycamore tree a classical cartello with the Latin inscription Celestes, meaning celestial or heavenly, providing the title for the painting Amore Celeste （Celestial Love, Figure 3）. A woman, as the personification of love, stands in front of two altars. She ignites one urn with fire and at the same time pours water over another burning fire. In the second work, a tondo with the theme of Terrestrial Love and Celestial Love, Bazzi considered the mischievousness of Venus＇ children Eros and Anteros （Figure 12）. These paintings are mythological and poetical delights with complex symbolism, here analyzed in terms of their iconography in relation to classical influences and Renaissance Neoplatonic love or furor divinus. The paradoxical quest of Renaissance Neoplatonic love was to fuse pagan love with Christian love. For the humanists of the time （Bembo, Colonna, Poliziano, Ficino and Pico） this moral dilemma was a philosophical puzzle, but for artists （Botticelli, Nicoletto da Modena, Pinturicchio and Bazzi） the theme was a pictorial challenge.
文摘Objective： The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the negative lymph node （LN） count on the survival of the breast cancer patients in early stage after the axillary dissection. Methods： The breast cancer patients with T1-2N0-1M0 stage between January 2001 and December 2005 in Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, who underwent the axillary LNs dissection, were enrolled in this study. We analyzed the data of these patients including information of follow-up and postop- erative pathological results. All patients were divided into two groups according to the axillary LN status and each group was divided into four subgroups according to the negative LN count. Cox regression analysis was performed to screen the patho- logical factor including the negative LN count on the survival and to compare the different negative LN count on the survival. Results： COX proportional hazard regression model showed that the survival of the breast cancer was significantly associ- ated with the negative LN count. In T1 2N0 group, when the negative LN count was 3 or less, 4 to 5, 6 to 9 and 10 or more, the median survival time was （82.6 ±4.1） months, （101.5 ± 1.3） months, （104.7 ±1.0） months, and （110.5 ±0.9） months respectively （P 〈 0.05）. In T1-2N0 group, when the negative LN count was 6 or less, 7 to 8, 9 to 10 and 11 or more, the median survival time was （95.4 ± 1.9） months, （101.8 ± 1.1） months, （104.9 ± 1.0） months, and （106.5 ± 0.9） months respectively （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： The negative LN count can reflect the adequacy of the axillary dissection. Increasing negative LN count is independently associated with improved survival in pT1-2N0M0 or pT1-2N0M0 staging breast cancer patients. The negative LN count should be considered for incorporation into staging for breast cancer with the axillary LN dissection.
文摘Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the perioperative expression of the peripheral blood hnRNP B1 mRNA in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and its clinical significance. Methods: Using real time FQ-RT-PCR, we detected the expression of peripheral blood hnRNP B1 mRNA in 30 NSCLC patients on preoperative d3 and postoperative d3, d5, and d10, respectively. Results: The ΔΔCt value of hnRNP B1 in NSCLC patients on preoperative d3 was significantly different from those on postoperative d5 and d10 (P = 0.00), but not different from postoperative d3 (P = 0.12). The ΔΔCt values of patients with squamous cell carcinoma were significantly different from those with other pathological types on preoperative d3 (P = 0.02) and postoperative d3 (P = 0.01). Whereas, the ΔΔCt values were not related to gender, pathological stage and lymph node metastasis (P > 0.05). ΔΔCt values in patients with different pathology classifications had no differences on postoperative d5 and d10 (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The expression of peripheral blood hnRNP B1 mRNA in NSCLC patients decreased gradually after operation, which may be used in assessment of the therapeutic efficacy of the operation and prognosis, and the monitor of the tumor recurrence. In addition, preoperative and early postoperative expression of peripheral blood hnRNP B1 mRNA in NSCLC patients may be related to pathological types.
文摘This article presents an effective approach to polysemous-word acquisition based on cognitive linguistics. Although it may be true that most vocabulary is acquired through incidental learning, acquiring words through inferring from context is not necessarily the most effective or efficient method in instructional setting. Results of a series of vocabulary tests involving Chinese learners of English show that providing a core sense leads to better guessing and long-term retention of figurative senses of polysemous words. In this article, some practical implications are suggested for reference.
基金partly supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11272209)National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2011CB309704)State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering of China (Grant No. GKZD010056).
文摘Using 1200 CPUs of the National Supercomputer TH-A1 and a parallel integral algorithm based on the 3500th-order Taylor expansion and the 4180-digit multiple precision data,we have done a reliable simulation of chaotic solution of Lorenz equation in a rather long interval 0 t 10000 LTU(Lorenz time unit).Such a kind of mathematically reliable chaotic simulation has never been reported.It provides us a numerical benchmark for mathematically reliable long-term prediction of chaos.Besides,it also proposes a safe method for mathematically reliable simulations of chaos in a finite but long enough interval.In addition,our very fine simulations suggest that such a kind of mathematically reliable long-term prediction of chaotic solution might have no physical meanings,because the inherent physical micro-level uncertainty due to thermal fluctuation might quickly transfer into macroscopic uncertainty so that trajectories for a long enough time would be essentially uncertain in physics.
基金Supported by the Applied Nonlinear Science and Technology from the Most Important Among all the Top Priority Disciplines of Zhejiang Province
文摘We construct analytical self-similar solutions for the generalized (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrdinger equation with polynomial nonlinearity of arbitrary order. As an example, we list self-similar solutions of quintic nonlinear Schrdinger equation with distributed dispersion and distributed linear gain, including bright similariton solution, fractional and combined Jacobian elliptic function solutions. Moreover, we discuss self-similar evolutional dynamic behaviors of these solutions in the dispersion decreasing fiber and the periodic distributed amplification system.
