This paper describes the propulsion principle using the concept of space drive and the pressure of the field induced by local rapid expansion of space based on the latest cosmology. Assuming that space vacuum is an in...This paper describes the propulsion principle using the concept of space drive and the pressure of the field induced by local rapid expansion of space based on the latest cosmology. Assuming that space vacuum is an infinite continuum, the propulsion principle utilizes the pressure field derived from the geometrical structure of space, by applying both continuum mechanics and general relativity to space. The propulsive force is a pressure thrust that arises from the interaction of space-time around the spaceship external environment and the spaceship itself; the spaceship is propelled by the pressure used against the space-time structure. As is well known in cosmology, the expansion rule of the universe is governed by the Friedman＇s equations and the Robertson-Walker metric. In this time, the propulsion principle of space drive is introduced from another angle （cosmology）, that is, the pressure of the field induced by local expansion of space is completely considered in the propulsion principle.展开更多
The seasonal variations in biomass, abundance, and species composition of plankton in relation to hydrography were studied in the saline Bange Lake, northern Tibet, China. Sampling was carried out between one to three...The seasonal variations in biomass, abundance, and species composition of plankton in relation to hydrography were studied in the saline Bange Lake, northern Tibet, China. Sampling was carried out between one to three times per month from May 2001 to July 2002. Salinity ranged from 14 to 146. The air and water temperature exhibited a clear seasonal pattern, and mean annual temperatures were approximately 4.8℃ and 7.3℃, respectively. The lowest water temperature occurred in winter from December to March at-2℃ and the highest in June and July at 17.7℃. Forty-one phytoplankton taxa, 21 zooplankton, and 5 benthic or facultative zooplankton were identifi ed. The predominant phytoplankton species were Gloeothece linearis, Oscillatoria tenuis, Gloeocapsa punctata, Ctenocladus circinnatus, Dunaliella salina, and Spirulina major. The predominant zooplankton species included H olophrya actra, Brachionus plicatilis, Daphniopsis tibetana, Cletocamptus dertersi, and A rctodiaptomus salinus. The mean annual total phytoplankton density and biomass for the entire lake were 4.52×10^7 cells/L and 1.60 mg/L, respectively. The annual mean zooplankton abundance was 52, 162, 322, and 57, 144 ind./L, in the three sublakes. The annual mean total zooplankton biomass in Lakes 1–3 was 1.23, 9.98, and 2.13 mg/L, respectively. The annual mean tychoplankton abundances in Bg1, 2, and 3 were 47, 67, and 654 ind./L. The annual mean tychoplankton biomass was 2.36, 0.16, and 2.03 mg/L, respectively. The zooplankton biomass（including tychoplankton） in the lake was 9.11 mg/L. The total number of plankton species in the salt lake was signifi cantly negatively correlated with salinity.展开更多
The turbulence structure in the stirred tank with a deep hollow blade(semi-ellispe) disc turbine(HEDT) was investigated by using time-resolved particle image velocimetry(TRPIV) and traditional PIV.In the stirred tank,...The turbulence structure in the stirred tank with a deep hollow blade(semi-ellispe) disc turbine(HEDT) was investigated by using time-resolved particle image velocimetry(TRPIV) and traditional PIV.In the stirred tank,the turbulence generated by blade passage includes the periodic components and the random turbulent ones.Traditional PIV with angle-resolved measurement and TRPIV with wavelet analysis were both used to obtain the random turbulent kinetic energy as a comparison.The wavelet analysis method was successfully used in this work to separate the random turbulent kinetic energy.The distributions of the periodic kinetic energy and the random turbulent kinetic energy were obtained.In the impeller region,the averaged random turbulent kinetic energy was about 2.6 times of the averaged periodic one.The kinetic energies at different wavelet scales from a6 to d1 were also calculated and compared.TRPIV was used to record the sequence of instantaneous velocity in the impeller stream.The evolution of the impeller stream was observed clearly and the sequence of the vorticity field was also obtained for the identification of vortices.The slope of the energy spectrum was approximately-5/3 in high frequency representing the existence of inertial subrange and some isotropic properties in stirred tank.From the power spectral density(PSD) ,one peak existed evidently,which was located at f0(blade passage frequency) generated by the blade passage.展开更多
This paper integrates genetic algorithm and neura l network techniques to build new temporal predicting analysis tools for geographic information system (GIS). These new GIS tools can be readily applied in a practical...This paper integrates genetic algorithm and neura l network techniques to build new temporal predicting analysis tools for geographic information system (GIS). These new GIS tools can be readily applied in a practical and appropriate manner in spatial and temp oral research to patch the gaps in GIS data mining and knowledge discovery functions. The specific achievement here is the integration of related artificial intellig ent technologies into GIS software to establish a conceptual spatial and temporal analysis framework. And, by using this framework to develop an artificial intelligent spatial and tempor al information analyst (ASIA) system which then is fully utilized in the existin g GIS package. This study of air pollutants forecasting provides a geographical practical case to prove the rationalization and justness of the conceptual tempo ral analysis framework.展开更多
The time evolution of coal structure during low temperature oxidation was investigated by oxidizing coal samples in air at 120℃ for periods of up to 14 days. The structure of the oxidized coal samples was char- acter...The time evolution of coal structure during low temperature oxidation was investigated by oxidizing coal samples in air at 120℃ for periods of up to 14 days. The structure of the oxidized coal samples was char- acterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FFIR） and curve fitting analysis. The results show that carboxyl and ether groups are the main oxygen containing moieties in oxidized coal. Ethers are most abundant during the first 3 days of oxidation, thereafter carboxyl groups predominate. The content of carboxyl and ester functionality increases with oxidation time. The other oxygen containing groups vary in concentration over time. The amount of hydroxyl groups first decreases then increases and finally decrease again during the oxidation. The aliphatic structure and the degree of branching of the aliphatic chains is reduced as the oxidation proceeds. The proportion of aromatic structure increases with oxida- tion time. Obvious decomposition of aromatic rings occurs after about 9 days of oxidation. The aryl ester bands and the CH3/CH2 ratio both have a good linear relationship to oxidation time.展开更多
This paper presents a fault-detection method based on the phase space reconstruction and data mining approaches for the complex electronic system. The approach for the phase space reconstruction of chaotic time series...This paper presents a fault-detection method based on the phase space reconstruction and data mining approaches for the complex electronic system. The approach for the phase space reconstruction of chaotic time series is a combination algorithm of multiple autocorrelation and F-test, by which the quasi-optimal embedding dimension and time delay can be obtained. The data mining algorithm, which calculates the radius of gyration of unit-mass point around the centre of mass in the phase space, can distinguish the fault parameter from the chaotic time series output by the tested system. The experimental results depict that this fault detection method can correctly detect the fault phenomena of electronic system.展开更多
The contemplation of contemporary architectural designs shows an increasing demand for the development of more adaptable, flexible and transformable structures. This type of structures can adapt with different environ...The contemplation of contemporary architectural designs shows an increasing demand for the development of more adaptable, flexible and transformable structures. This type of structures can adapt with different environmental conditions and meet different functions. This can help in reducing environmental waste and pollution associated with many buildings and above all can save on cost and time. Natural systems have inspired human being, since they began to build and design. Architects and designers have utilized nature as one of the main resources of information for the creation of innovative architectural spaces. One of the unique features of natural structures is the way that their components open and close in order to respond to a particular requirement or the environmental changes. This aspect has inspired many designers for the development of transformable architectural structures that can change their shape and geometry to be able to adapt with specific conditions. To make a way toward the design of transformable structure for temporary applications, the authors have developed a new type of adaptable structures according to natural forms. The proposed design applies the transformation principles that exist in potato＇s flower and the movement mechanisms used in a spider＇s leg. The design is able to fit to different topographies and have a potential to be folded to a very compact state in a very short period of time. The detailed design and the different configurations of the system applications will be presented in this paper. The result of the study shows that using modular triangular plates can create a changeable module that is not only able to respond to different functions and environmental changes but it is also able to shape different configuration to be able to respond to different user＇s ambitions. The compactability of this structure into 1/3 of its base dimensions; makes its transportation fast and with minimum costs. These capabilities make this structure suitable for temporary buildings such as exhibitions, temporary settlements or hospital in damaged areas.展开更多
We propose a novel model, based on two postulates, which provide new perspective on the fundamental forces using special and general relativity concepts. Many studies address the relations between the particles and th...We propose a novel model, based on two postulates, which provide new perspective on the fundamental forces using special and general relativity concepts. Many studies address the relations between the particles and the space time manifold, and the latter＇s physical structure, whether it is Continuous or Discrete. In the proposed model the properties of the particles are classical in the sense of general relativity, whereas their quantum properties are arises due to the experiments.展开更多
Stereo-electroencephalography （SEEG） is the main investigation method for pre-surgical evaluation of patients suffering from drug-resistant partial epilepsy. SEEG signals reflect two types of paroxysmal activity： i...Stereo-electroencephalography （SEEG） is the main investigation method for pre-surgical evaluation of patients suffering from drug-resistant partial epilepsy. SEEG signals reflect two types of paroxysmal activity： ictal activity and interictal activity or interictal spikes （IS）. The relationship between IS and ictal activity is an essential and recurrent question in epiletology. In this paper, we present a distributed and parallel architecture for space and temporal distribution analysis of IS, based on a distributed and collaborative methodology. The proposed approach exploits the SEEG data using vector analysis of the corresponding signals among multi-agents system. The objective is to present a new method to analyze and classify IS during wakefulness （W）, light sleep （LS） and deep sleep （DS） stages. Temporal and spatial relationships between IS and seizure onset zone are compared during wakefulness, light sleep and deep sleep. Results show that space and temporal distribution for real data are not random but correlated.展开更多
We present dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) for studying the hairpin vortices generated by hemisphere protuberance measured by two-dimensional (2D) time-resolved (TR) particle image velocimetry (PIV) in a water channe...We present dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) for studying the hairpin vortices generated by hemisphere protuberance measured by two-dimensional (2D) time-resolved (TR) particle image velocimetry (PIV) in a water channel. The hairpins dynamic information is extracted by identifying their dominant frequencies and associated spatial structures. For this quasi-periodic data system, the resulting main Dynamic modes illustrate the different spatial structures associated with the wake vortex region and the near-wall region. By comparisons with proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), it can be concluded that the dynamic mode concentrates on a certain frequency component more effectively than the mode determined by POD. During the analysis, DMD has proven itself a robust and reliable algorithm to extract spatial-temporal coherent structures.展开更多
Functional limit theorems for scaled occupation time fluctuations of a sequence of generalized branching particle systems in Rd with anisotropic space motions and strongly degenerated splitting abilities are studied i...Functional limit theorems for scaled occupation time fluctuations of a sequence of generalized branching particle systems in Rd with anisotropic space motions and strongly degenerated splitting abilities are studied in the cases of critical and intermediate dimensions. The results show that the limit processes are time-independent measure-valued Wiener processes with simple spatial structure.展开更多
The Dehesa ecosystem provides important social and economic values across the Iberian Peninsula.Assessing the temporal dynamics of this system under climate change is important for the maintenance and conservation of ...The Dehesa ecosystem provides important social and economic values across the Iberian Peninsula.Assessing the temporal dynamics of this system under climate change is important for the maintenance and conservation of these highly valuable ecosystems.Here,we present the baseline data of an observational plot network in the Dehesa that will form the foundation for monitoring long-term dynamics and for experimental manipulations testing the mechanisms driving resilience within the Dehesa.The initial surveys indicate that the forest structure is typical for the Dehesa,which suggests it is an exemplary site for examining temporal dynamics of this ecosystem.We present these initial data to encourage collaborations from international scientists via either direct experimental projects or meta-analyses.展开更多
文摘This paper describes the propulsion principle using the concept of space drive and the pressure of the field induced by local rapid expansion of space based on the latest cosmology. Assuming that space vacuum is an infinite continuum, the propulsion principle utilizes the pressure field derived from the geometrical structure of space, by applying both continuum mechanics and general relativity to space. The propulsive force is a pressure thrust that arises from the interaction of space-time around the spaceship external environment and the spaceship itself; the spaceship is propelled by the pressure used against the space-time structure. As is well known in cosmology, the expansion rule of the universe is governed by the Friedman＇s equations and the Robertson-Walker metric. In this time, the propulsion principle of space drive is introduced from another angle （cosmology）, that is, the pressure of the field induced by local expansion of space is completely considered in the propulsion principle.
基金Supported by the China Geological Survey(Resources No.[2002]004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30371112)+1 种基金the Liaoning Science and Technology Foundation(Nos.002119,20022100)the Special Program for Key Basic Research of Ministry of Science and Technology,China(No.2014FY210700)
文摘The seasonal variations in biomass, abundance, and species composition of plankton in relation to hydrography were studied in the saline Bange Lake, northern Tibet, China. Sampling was carried out between one to three times per month from May 2001 to July 2002. Salinity ranged from 14 to 146. The air and water temperature exhibited a clear seasonal pattern, and mean annual temperatures were approximately 4.8℃ and 7.3℃, respectively. The lowest water temperature occurred in winter from December to March at-2℃ and the highest in June and July at 17.7℃. Forty-one phytoplankton taxa, 21 zooplankton, and 5 benthic or facultative zooplankton were identifi ed. The predominant phytoplankton species were Gloeothece linearis, Oscillatoria tenuis, Gloeocapsa punctata, Ctenocladus circinnatus, Dunaliella salina, and Spirulina major. The predominant zooplankton species included H olophrya actra, Brachionus plicatilis, Daphniopsis tibetana, Cletocamptus dertersi, and A rctodiaptomus salinus. The mean annual total phytoplankton density and biomass for the entire lake were 4.52×10^7 cells/L and 1.60 mg/L, respectively. The annual mean zooplankton abundance was 52, 162, 322, and 57, 144 ind./L, in the three sublakes. The annual mean total zooplankton biomass in Lakes 1–3 was 1.23, 9.98, and 2.13 mg/L, respectively. The annual mean tychoplankton abundances in Bg1, 2, and 3 were 47, 67, and 654 ind./L. The annual mean tychoplankton biomass was 2.36, 0.16, and 2.03 mg/L, respectively. The zooplankton biomass（including tychoplankton） in the lake was 9.11 mg/L. The total number of plankton species in the salt lake was signifi cantly negatively correlated with salinity.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China（20776008 20821004 20990224） the National Basic Research Program of China（2007CB714300）
文摘The turbulence structure in the stirred tank with a deep hollow blade(semi-ellispe) disc turbine(HEDT) was investigated by using time-resolved particle image velocimetry(TRPIV) and traditional PIV.In the stirred tank,the turbulence generated by blade passage includes the periodic components and the random turbulent ones.Traditional PIV with angle-resolved measurement and TRPIV with wavelet analysis were both used to obtain the random turbulent kinetic energy as a comparison.The wavelet analysis method was successfully used in this work to separate the random turbulent kinetic energy.The distributions of the periodic kinetic energy and the random turbulent kinetic energy were obtained.In the impeller region,the averaged random turbulent kinetic energy was about 2.6 times of the averaged periodic one.The kinetic energies at different wavelet scales from a6 to d1 were also calculated and compared.TRPIV was used to record the sequence of instantaneous velocity in the impeller stream.The evolution of the impeller stream was observed clearly and the sequence of the vorticity field was also obtained for the identification of vortices.The slope of the energy spectrum was approximately-5/3 in high frequency representing the existence of inertial subrange and some isotropic properties in stirred tank.From the power spectral density(PSD) ,one peak existed evidently,which was located at f0(blade passage frequency) generated by the blade passage.
文摘This paper integrates genetic algorithm and neura l network techniques to build new temporal predicting analysis tools for geographic information system (GIS). These new GIS tools can be readily applied in a practical and appropriate manner in spatial and temp oral research to patch the gaps in GIS data mining and knowledge discovery functions. The specific achievement here is the integration of related artificial intellig ent technologies into GIS software to establish a conceptual spatial and temporal analysis framework. And, by using this framework to develop an artificial intelligent spatial and tempor al information analyst (ASIA) system which then is fully utilized in the existin g GIS package. This study of air pollutants forecasting provides a geographical practical case to prove the rationalization and justness of the conceptual tempo ral analysis framework.
基金supported by the Shaanxi Provincial Project of Special Foundation of Key Disciplinesthe Scientific Research Program Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Education Commission (No. 09JK583)the Seed Fund of Xi’an University of Science and Technology (No. 200745)
文摘The time evolution of coal structure during low temperature oxidation was investigated by oxidizing coal samples in air at 120℃ for periods of up to 14 days. The structure of the oxidized coal samples was char- acterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FFIR） and curve fitting analysis. The results show that carboxyl and ether groups are the main oxygen containing moieties in oxidized coal. Ethers are most abundant during the first 3 days of oxidation, thereafter carboxyl groups predominate. The content of carboxyl and ester functionality increases with oxidation time. The other oxygen containing groups vary in concentration over time. The amount of hydroxyl groups first decreases then increases and finally decrease again during the oxidation. The aliphatic structure and the degree of branching of the aliphatic chains is reduced as the oxidation proceeds. The proportion of aromatic structure increases with oxida- tion time. Obvious decomposition of aromatic rings occurs after about 9 days of oxidation. The aryl ester bands and the CH3/CH2 ratio both have a good linear relationship to oxidation time.
文摘This paper presents a fault-detection method based on the phase space reconstruction and data mining approaches for the complex electronic system. The approach for the phase space reconstruction of chaotic time series is a combination algorithm of multiple autocorrelation and F-test, by which the quasi-optimal embedding dimension and time delay can be obtained. The data mining algorithm, which calculates the radius of gyration of unit-mass point around the centre of mass in the phase space, can distinguish the fault parameter from the chaotic time series output by the tested system. The experimental results depict that this fault detection method can correctly detect the fault phenomena of electronic system.
文摘The contemplation of contemporary architectural designs shows an increasing demand for the development of more adaptable, flexible and transformable structures. This type of structures can adapt with different environmental conditions and meet different functions. This can help in reducing environmental waste and pollution associated with many buildings and above all can save on cost and time. Natural systems have inspired human being, since they began to build and design. Architects and designers have utilized nature as one of the main resources of information for the creation of innovative architectural spaces. One of the unique features of natural structures is the way that their components open and close in order to respond to a particular requirement or the environmental changes. This aspect has inspired many designers for the development of transformable architectural structures that can change their shape and geometry to be able to adapt with specific conditions. To make a way toward the design of transformable structure for temporary applications, the authors have developed a new type of adaptable structures according to natural forms. The proposed design applies the transformation principles that exist in potato＇s flower and the movement mechanisms used in a spider＇s leg. The design is able to fit to different topographies and have a potential to be folded to a very compact state in a very short period of time. The detailed design and the different configurations of the system applications will be presented in this paper. The result of the study shows that using modular triangular plates can create a changeable module that is not only able to respond to different functions and environmental changes but it is also able to shape different configuration to be able to respond to different user＇s ambitions. The compactability of this structure into 1/3 of its base dimensions; makes its transportation fast and with minimum costs. These capabilities make this structure suitable for temporary buildings such as exhibitions, temporary settlements or hospital in damaged areas.
文摘We propose a novel model, based on two postulates, which provide new perspective on the fundamental forces using special and general relativity concepts. Many studies address the relations between the particles and the space time manifold, and the latter＇s physical structure, whether it is Continuous or Discrete. In the proposed model the properties of the particles are classical in the sense of general relativity, whereas their quantum properties are arises due to the experiments.
文摘Stereo-electroencephalography （SEEG） is the main investigation method for pre-surgical evaluation of patients suffering from drug-resistant partial epilepsy. SEEG signals reflect two types of paroxysmal activity： ictal activity and interictal activity or interictal spikes （IS）. The relationship between IS and ictal activity is an essential and recurrent question in epiletology. In this paper, we present a distributed and parallel architecture for space and temporal distribution analysis of IS, based on a distributed and collaborative methodology. The proposed approach exploits the SEEG data using vector analysis of the corresponding signals among multi-agents system. The objective is to present a new method to analyze and classify IS during wakefulness （W）, light sleep （LS） and deep sleep （DS） stages. Temporal and spatial relationships between IS and seizure onset zone are compared during wakefulness, light sleep and deep sleep. Results show that space and temporal distribution for real data are not random but correlated.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10832001 and 10872145)the State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘We present dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) for studying the hairpin vortices generated by hemisphere protuberance measured by two-dimensional (2D) time-resolved (TR) particle image velocimetry (PIV) in a water channel. The hairpins dynamic information is extracted by identifying their dominant frequencies and associated spatial structures. For this quasi-periodic data system, the resulting main Dynamic modes illustrate the different spatial structures associated with the wake vortex region and the near-wall region. By comparisons with proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), it can be concluded that the dynamic mode concentrates on a certain frequency component more effectively than the mode determined by POD. During the analysis, DMD has proven itself a robust and reliable algorithm to extract spatial-temporal coherent structures.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10901054)
文摘Functional limit theorems for scaled occupation time fluctuations of a sequence of generalized branching particle systems in Rd with anisotropic space motions and strongly degenerated splitting abilities are studied in the cases of critical and intermediate dimensions. The results show that the limit processes are time-independent measure-valued Wiener processes with simple spatial structure.
基金M.J.O.was funded by the Comunidad de Madrid with an Atraccion de Talento Investigador Modalidad I Fellowship(2018-T1/AMB-11095).
文摘The Dehesa ecosystem provides important social and economic values across the Iberian Peninsula.Assessing the temporal dynamics of this system under climate change is important for the maintenance and conservation of these highly valuable ecosystems.Here,we present the baseline data of an observational plot network in the Dehesa that will form the foundation for monitoring long-term dynamics and for experimental manipulations testing the mechanisms driving resilience within the Dehesa.The initial surveys indicate that the forest structure is typical for the Dehesa,which suggests it is an exemplary site for examining temporal dynamics of this ecosystem.We present these initial data to encourage collaborations from international scientists via either direct experimental projects or meta-analyses.
