A survey of two-year studies (2001—2003) was carried out in two olive grovessited at two representative olive growing areas, namely Paradise Park (arid area) and Burg El-Arabfarm (semi-arid area) to monitor the frequ...A survey of two-year studies (2001—2003) was carried out in two olive grovessited at two representative olive growing areas, namely Paradise Park (arid area) and Burg El-Arabfarm (semi-arid area) to monitor the frequency of endemic Trichogramma species on olive moth (Praysoleae) and jasmine moth (Palpita unionalis). The suspended host bait traps were found to be a morepractical and effective tool for collecting Trichogramma wasps than the attached ones. Fournaturally occurring Trichogramma species were collected for the first time in Egypt from the olivegroves, where releases have never been conducted. T. bourarachae was collected exclusively from BurgEl-Arab farm. It seems that this wasp species adapts well to the semi-arid area. Three species,namely T. cordubensis, T. nr. pretiosum and T. cacociae were isolated from Paradise Park farm. Allof these wasps were also bred from naturally parasitized host eggs during favorable and even atunfavorable temperature conditions of June-August. However, these endemic species did not occurnaturally in sufficient numbers to keep the pest populations from reaching damaging levels. Theexcessive usage of insecticides and the oophagous predators (e.g., ants and lacewing larvae) aresome factors that affect the performance of Trichogramma wasps in olive farms. The presence of warmweather wasp strains suggests the existence of well-adapted wasp species or strains which may beappropriate candidates for the control of target pests in olive groves. Additional study is requiredto determine the best 'habitat-specific' species/ strains of Trichogramma for augmentative releaseof naturally occurring wasps and to incorporate them into integrated pest management programs.Efforts should be made to conserve these endemic species from oophagous predators, hot weather andinsecticides. The olive and jasmine moth-larvae and pupae found under tree canopies were bred andemerged parasitoids were listed.展开更多
文摘A survey of two-year studies (2001—2003) was carried out in two olive grovessited at two representative olive growing areas, namely Paradise Park (arid area) and Burg El-Arabfarm (semi-arid area) to monitor the frequency of endemic Trichogramma species on olive moth (Praysoleae) and jasmine moth (Palpita unionalis). The suspended host bait traps were found to be a morepractical and effective tool for collecting Trichogramma wasps than the attached ones. Fournaturally occurring Trichogramma species were collected for the first time in Egypt from the olivegroves, where releases have never been conducted. T. bourarachae was collected exclusively from BurgEl-Arab farm. It seems that this wasp species adapts well to the semi-arid area. Three species,namely T. cordubensis, T. nr. pretiosum and T. cacociae were isolated from Paradise Park farm. Allof these wasps were also bred from naturally parasitized host eggs during favorable and even atunfavorable temperature conditions of June-August. However, these endemic species did not occurnaturally in sufficient numbers to keep the pest populations from reaching damaging levels. Theexcessive usage of insecticides and the oophagous predators (e.g., ants and lacewing larvae) aresome factors that affect the performance of Trichogramma wasps in olive farms. The presence of warmweather wasp strains suggests the existence of well-adapted wasp species or strains which may beappropriate candidates for the control of target pests in olive groves. Additional study is requiredto determine the best 'habitat-specific' species/ strains of Trichogramma for augmentative releaseof naturally occurring wasps and to incorporate them into integrated pest management programs.Efforts should be made to conserve these endemic species from oophagous predators, hot weather andinsecticides. The olive and jasmine moth-larvae and pupae found under tree canopies were bred andemerged parasitoids were listed.
