By analyzing hundreds of capillary pressure curves, the controlling factors of shape and type of capillary pressure curves are found and a novel method is presented to construct capillary pressure curves by using rese...By analyzing hundreds of capillary pressure curves, the controlling factors of shape and type of capillary pressure curves are found and a novel method is presented to construct capillary pressure curves by using reservoir permeability and a synthesized index. The accuracy of this new method is verified by mercury-injection experiments. Considering the limited quantity of capillary pressure data, a new method is developed to extract the Swanson parameter from the NMR T2 distribution and estimate reservoir permeability. Integrating with NMR total porosity, reservoir capillary pressure curves can be constructed to evaluate reservoir pore structure in the intervals with NMR log data. An in-situ example of evaluating reservoir pore structure using the capillary pressure curves by this new method is presented. The result shows that it accurately detects the change in reservoir pore structure as a function of depth.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging as a noninvasive method for the assessment of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients.METHODS:We performed a p...AIM:To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging as a noninvasive method for the assessment of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients.METHODS:We performed a prospective blind com-parison of ARFI elastography,APRI index and FibroMax in a consecutive series of patients who underwent liver biopsy for CHC in University Hospital Bucharest. His-topathological staging of liver fibrosis according to the METAVIR scoring system served as the reference. A to-tal of 74 patients underwent ARFI elastography,APRI index,FibroMax and successful liver biopsy. RESULTS:The noninvasive tests had a good correlation with the liver biopsy results. The most powerful test in predicting fibrosis was ARFI elastography. The diagnostic accuracy of ARFI elastography,expressedas area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) had a validity of 90.2% (95% CI AUROC = 0.831-0.972,P < 0.001) for the diagnosis of significant f ibrosis (F ≥ 2). ARFI sonoelastography predicted even better F3 or F4 fibrosis (AUROC = 0.993,95% CI = 0.979-1).CONCLUSION:ARFI elastography had very good accuracy for the assessment of liver fibrosis and was superior to other noninvasive methods (APRI Index,FibroMax) for staging liver fibrosis.展开更多
We report a case of duodenal varix bleeding as a long term complication of balloon occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO), which was successfully treated with a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shu...We report a case of duodenal varix bleeding as a long term complication of balloon occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO), which was successfully treated with a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). A 57-year-old man was admitted to the emergency room suffering from melena. He had under-gone BRTO to treat gastric varix bleeding 5 mo before admission. Endoscopy and a computed tomography (CT) scan showed complete obliteration of the gastric varix, but the nodular varices in the second portion of the duodenum expanded after BRTO, and spurting blood was seen. TIPS was performed for treatment of duodenal variceal bleeding, because attempts at endoscopic varix ligation were unsuccessful. The post-operative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged without complications. A follow up CT scan obtained 21 mo after TIPS revealed a patent TIPS tract and complete obliteration of duodenal varices, but multinodular hepatocellular carcinoma had developed. He died of hepatic failure 28 mo after TIPS.展开更多
This study was undertaken to determine the bending strength properties of off-cut Yellow Meranti wood by applying the finger jointed techniques. The finger orientations that were used in this study are vertical and ho...This study was undertaken to determine the bending strength properties of off-cut Yellow Meranti wood by applying the finger jointed techniques. The finger orientations that were used in this study are vertical and horizontal finger orientation. Specimens were bonded with PVAc （polyvinyl acetate）. The bending strength properties were determined by the three point and four point bending test method. The results show that vertical finger orientation has the higher mean of modulus of rupture and the modulus of elasticity value of 24.49 MPa （28.91 MPa） and 8,814 MPa （11,668 MPa） respectively. However, the tested specimen properties did not meet the minimum strength of the solid （control） specimens.展开更多
This article gives a numerical report to two dimensional(2D)Darcy-Forchheimer flow of carbon-water nanofluid.Flow is instigated by exponential extending curved surface.Viscous liquid in permeable space is described by...This article gives a numerical report to two dimensional(2D)Darcy-Forchheimer flow of carbon-water nanofluid.Flow is instigated by exponential extending curved surface.Viscous liquid in permeable space is described by Darcy-Forchheimer.The subsequent arrangement of partial differential equations is changed into ordinary differential framework through proper transformations.Numerical arrangements of governing frameworks are set up by NDSolve procedure.Outcomes of different sundry parameters on temperature and velocity are examined.Skin friction and heat transfer rate are also shown and inspected.展开更多
Present work reports chemically reacting Darcy-Forchheimer flow of nanotubes.Water is utilized as base liquid while carbon nanotubes are considered nanomaterial.An exponential stretchable curved surface flow is origin...Present work reports chemically reacting Darcy-Forchheimer flow of nanotubes.Water is utilized as base liquid while carbon nanotubes are considered nanomaterial.An exponential stretchable curved surface flow is originated.Heat source is present.Xue relation of nanoliquid is employed to explore the feature of CNTs (single and multi-wall).Transformation technique is adopted in order to achieve non-linear ordinary differential systems.The governing systems are solved numerically.Effects of involved parameters on flow,temperature,concentration,heat transfer rate (Nusselt number) with addition of skin friction coefficient are illustrated graphically.Decay in velocity is noted with an increment in Forchheimer number and porosity parameter while opposite impact is seen for temperature.Moreover,role of MWCNTs is prominent when compared with SWCNTs.展开更多
The objective is to develop an approach for the determination of the target reliability index for serviceability limit state(SLS) of single piles. This contributes to conducting the SLS reliability-based design(RBD) o...The objective is to develop an approach for the determination of the target reliability index for serviceability limit state(SLS) of single piles. This contributes to conducting the SLS reliability-based design(RBD) of piles. Based on a two-parameter,hyperbolic curve-fitting equation describing the load-settlement relation of piles, the SLS model factor is defined. Then, taking into account the uncertainties of load-settlement model, load and bearing capacity of piles, the formula for computing the SLS reliability index(βsls) is obtained using the mean value first order second moment(MVFOSM) method. Meanwhile, the limit state function for conducting the SLS reliability analysis by the Monte Carlo simulation(MCS) method is established. These two methods are finally applied to determine the SLS target reliability index. Herein, the limiting tolerable settlement(slt) is treated as a random variable. For illustration, four load test databases from South Africa are compiled again to conduct reliability analysis and present the recommended target reliability indices. The results indicate that the MVFOSM method overestimates βsls compared to that computed by the MCS method. Besides, both factor of safety(FS) and slt are key factors influencing βsls, so the combination of FS and βsls is welcome to be used for the SLS reliability analysis of piles when slt is determined. For smaller slt, pile types and soils conditions have significant influence on the SLS target reliability indices; for larger slt, slt is the major factor having influence on the SLS target reliability indices. This proves that slt is the most key parameter for the determination of the SLS target reliability index.展开更多
Objective To develop a tool capable of early and exactly predicting various outcomes in comatose survivors who restore spontaneous circulation after cardiopulmonary resuscitation （CPR） and validate its performance. ...Objective To develop a tool capable of early and exactly predicting various outcomes in comatose survivors who restore spontaneous circulation after cardiopulmonary resuscitation （CPR） and validate its performance. Methods Variables that were both readily available and predictive of outcomes were identified by systematically reviewing published literature on resuscitation. A value was assigned to these variables. We used these variables in combination with APACHE II score to devise a multifactorial prediction score system, which we called PRCSs Prognostication Score （PRCSs-PS）. Outcomes in 115 hospitalized comatose survivors after CPR were retrospectively reviewed using PRCSs-PS. Score of patients with different outcomes was compared. The area under the receiver- operating characteristic （ROC） curve was determined to evaluate performance of this tool to identify patients with a poor outcome （CPC4 and 5） and other outcomes （CPC1, 2, and 3）. Results There were differences of PRCSs-PS score among multiple groups with five different outcomes （CPC 1-5）（F=65.91, P=0.000）. Pairwise groups with different CPC were compared： no significant difference was noted between CPC1 and CPC2 （12.41±6.49 vs 17.38±6.91,P=0.092）, but difference between other pairwise CPC groups was statistically significant （CPC2 vs CPC3：17.38±6.91 vs 24.50±5.80, P=0.041, CPC3 vs CPC4：24.50±5.80 vs 32.29±5.24, P=0.006）. The performance of PRCSs-PS to discriminate patients with a poor outcome from patients with other outcomes went as follows： it had 100% sensitivity, 78.6% specificity, and 178.6 diagnostic index at the score cut-off22.5; it had 77.8% sensitivity, 100% specificity and 176.4 diagnostic index at the score cut-off32.5. Score 23 and 33 were two key cut-offpoints. The area under the ROC curve was 0.968, showing excellent discrimination. Conclusions The final outcomes in post-resuscitation comatose survivors can be accurately predicted using PRCSs-PS Score.展开更多
This paper is concerned with the existence of positive solutions of the followingDirichlet problem for p-mean curvature operator with critical exponent： -div（（1 ＋｜↓△u｜^2 ）p-2/2 ↓△u） = λup-1＋μ u=q-1,u 〉...This paper is concerned with the existence of positive solutions of the followingDirichlet problem for p-mean curvature operator with critical exponent： -div（（1 ＋｜↓△u｜^2 ）p-2/2 ↓△u） = λup-1＋μ u=q-1,u 〉 0,x x∈Ω,u=0,x∈ δΩ,where u ∈ W01,P is a bounded domain in R^N（N 〉 p 〉 1） with smooth boundary δΩ, 2≤p ≤q〈p,p=Np/N-p,λ,μ〉0. It reaches the conclusions that this problem has at least one positive solution in the different cases. It is discussed the existences of positivesolutions of the Dirichlet problem for the p-mean curvature operator with critical exponentby using Nehari-type duality property firstly. As p = 2, q = p, the result is correspond tothat of Laplace operator.展开更多
Materials with the same elastic modulus E and representative stress and strain （σr,εr） present similar indentation-loading curves, whatever the value of strain hardening exponent n. Based on this definition, a goo...Materials with the same elastic modulus E and representative stress and strain （σr,εr） present similar indentation-loading curves, whatever the value of strain hardening exponent n. Based on this definition, a good approach was proposed to extract the plastic properties or constitutive equations of metals from nanoindentation test combining finite element simulation. Firstly, without consideration of strain hardening, the representative stress was determined by varying assumed representative stress over a wide range until a good agreement was reached between the computed and experimental loading curves. Similarly, the corresponding representative strain was determined with different hypothetical values of strain hardening exponent in the range of 0-0.6. Through modulating assumed strain hardening exponent values to make the computed unloading curve coincide with that of the experiment, the real strain hardening exponent was acquired. Once the strain hardening exponent was determined, the initial yield stress ay of metals could be obtained by the power law constitution. The validity of the proposed methodology was verified by three real metals： AISI 304 steel, Fe andA1 alloy.展开更多
AIM To investigate whether promoter methylation is re-sponsible for the silencing of formin 2 （ FMN2） in colorectal cancer （CRC） and to analyze the association between FMN2 methylation and CRC.METHODSWe frst ident...AIM To investigate whether promoter methylation is re-sponsible for the silencing of formin 2 （ FMN2） in colorectal cancer （CRC） and to analyze the association between FMN2 methylation and CRC.METHODSWe frst identifed the expression levels and methylation levels of FMN2 in large-scale human CRC expression data-sets, including GEO and TCGA, and analyzed the relation-ship between the expression and methylation levels. Then, the methylation levels in four CpG regions adjacent to the FMN2 promoter were assessed by MethylTarget？ assays in CRC cells and in paired colorectal tumor samples and adjacent nontumor tissue samples. Furthermore, we inhibited DNA methylation in CRC cells with 5-Aza-2’-deoxycytidine and assessed the expression of FMN2 by qRT-PCR. Last, the association between FMN2 methylation patterns and clinical indicators was analyzed.RESULTSA statistically significant downregulation of FMN2 ex-pression in large-scale human CRC expression datasets was found. Subsequent analysis showed that a high frequency of hypermethylation occurred in the FMN2 gene promoter in CRC tissues; operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that FMN2 gene methylation had a good capability for discriminating between CRC and nontumor tissue samples （AUC = 0.8432, P 〈 0.0001）. MethylTarget？ assays showed that CRC cells and tissues displayed higher methylation of these CpG regions than nontumor tissue samples. Correlation analysis showed a strong inverse correlation between methylation and FMN2 expression, and the inhibition of DNA methylation with 5-Aza significantly increased endogenous FMN2 expression. Analysis of the association between FMN2 methylation patterns and clinical indicators showed that FMN2 methylation was signifcantly associated with age, N stage, lymphovascular invasion, and pathologic tumor stage. Notably, the highest methylation of FMN2 occurred in tissues from cases of early-stage CRC, including cases with no regional lymph node metastasis （N0）, cases in stages Ⅰ and Ⅱ, and cases with no lymphovascular inva-sion, but the methylation level began to decrease with tumor progression. Additionally, FMN2 promoter hyper-methylation was more common in patients 〉 60 years old and in colon cancer tissue.CONCLUSIONFMN2 promoter hypermethylation may be an important early event in CRC, most likely playing a critical role in cancer initiation, and can serve as an ideal diagnostic biomarker in elderly patients with early-stage colon cancer.展开更多
文摘By analyzing hundreds of capillary pressure curves, the controlling factors of shape and type of capillary pressure curves are found and a novel method is presented to construct capillary pressure curves by using reservoir permeability and a synthesized index. The accuracy of this new method is verified by mercury-injection experiments. Considering the limited quantity of capillary pressure data, a new method is developed to extract the Swanson parameter from the NMR T2 distribution and estimate reservoir permeability. Integrating with NMR total porosity, reservoir capillary pressure curves can be constructed to evaluate reservoir pore structure in the intervals with NMR log data. An in-situ example of evaluating reservoir pore structure using the capillary pressure curves by this new method is presented. The result shows that it accurately detects the change in reservoir pore structure as a function of depth.
基金Supported by Grant 41066/2007, financed by the Ministry of Education and Research
文摘AIM:To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging as a noninvasive method for the assessment of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients.METHODS:We performed a prospective blind com-parison of ARFI elastography,APRI index and FibroMax in a consecutive series of patients who underwent liver biopsy for CHC in University Hospital Bucharest. His-topathological staging of liver fibrosis according to the METAVIR scoring system served as the reference. A to-tal of 74 patients underwent ARFI elastography,APRI index,FibroMax and successful liver biopsy. RESULTS:The noninvasive tests had a good correlation with the liver biopsy results. The most powerful test in predicting fibrosis was ARFI elastography. The diagnostic accuracy of ARFI elastography,expressedas area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) had a validity of 90.2% (95% CI AUROC = 0.831-0.972,P < 0.001) for the diagnosis of significant f ibrosis (F ≥ 2). ARFI sonoelastography predicted even better F3 or F4 fibrosis (AUROC = 0.993,95% CI = 0.979-1).CONCLUSION:ARFI elastography had very good accuracy for the assessment of liver fibrosis and was superior to other noninvasive methods (APRI Index,FibroMax) for staging liver fibrosis.
文摘We report a case of duodenal varix bleeding as a long term complication of balloon occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO), which was successfully treated with a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). A 57-year-old man was admitted to the emergency room suffering from melena. He had under-gone BRTO to treat gastric varix bleeding 5 mo before admission. Endoscopy and a computed tomography (CT) scan showed complete obliteration of the gastric varix, but the nodular varices in the second portion of the duodenum expanded after BRTO, and spurting blood was seen. TIPS was performed for treatment of duodenal variceal bleeding, because attempts at endoscopic varix ligation were unsuccessful. The post-operative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged without complications. A follow up CT scan obtained 21 mo after TIPS revealed a patent TIPS tract and complete obliteration of duodenal varices, but multinodular hepatocellular carcinoma had developed. He died of hepatic failure 28 mo after TIPS.
文摘This study was undertaken to determine the bending strength properties of off-cut Yellow Meranti wood by applying the finger jointed techniques. The finger orientations that were used in this study are vertical and horizontal finger orientation. Specimens were bonded with PVAc （polyvinyl acetate）. The bending strength properties were determined by the three point and four point bending test method. The results show that vertical finger orientation has the higher mean of modulus of rupture and the modulus of elasticity value of 24.49 MPa （28.91 MPa） and 8,814 MPa （11,668 MPa） respectively. However, the tested specimen properties did not meet the minimum strength of the solid （control） specimens.
文摘This article gives a numerical report to two dimensional(2D)Darcy-Forchheimer flow of carbon-water nanofluid.Flow is instigated by exponential extending curved surface.Viscous liquid in permeable space is described by Darcy-Forchheimer.The subsequent arrangement of partial differential equations is changed into ordinary differential framework through proper transformations.Numerical arrangements of governing frameworks are set up by NDSolve procedure.Outcomes of different sundry parameters on temperature and velocity are examined.Skin friction and heat transfer rate are also shown and inspected.
文摘Present work reports chemically reacting Darcy-Forchheimer flow of nanotubes.Water is utilized as base liquid while carbon nanotubes are considered nanomaterial.An exponential stretchable curved surface flow is originated.Heat source is present.Xue relation of nanoliquid is employed to explore the feature of CNTs (single and multi-wall).Transformation technique is adopted in order to achieve non-linear ordinary differential systems.The governing systems are solved numerically.Effects of involved parameters on flow,temperature,concentration,heat transfer rate (Nusselt number) with addition of skin friction coefficient are illustrated graphically.Decay in velocity is noted with an increment in Forchheimer number and porosity parameter while opposite impact is seen for temperature.Moreover,role of MWCNTs is prominent when compared with SWCNTs.
基金Projects(51278216,51308241)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2013BS010)supported by the Funds of Henan University of Technology for High-level Talents,China
文摘The objective is to develop an approach for the determination of the target reliability index for serviceability limit state(SLS) of single piles. This contributes to conducting the SLS reliability-based design(RBD) of piles. Based on a two-parameter,hyperbolic curve-fitting equation describing the load-settlement relation of piles, the SLS model factor is defined. Then, taking into account the uncertainties of load-settlement model, load and bearing capacity of piles, the formula for computing the SLS reliability index(βsls) is obtained using the mean value first order second moment(MVFOSM) method. Meanwhile, the limit state function for conducting the SLS reliability analysis by the Monte Carlo simulation(MCS) method is established. These two methods are finally applied to determine the SLS target reliability index. Herein, the limiting tolerable settlement(slt) is treated as a random variable. For illustration, four load test databases from South Africa are compiled again to conduct reliability analysis and present the recommended target reliability indices. The results indicate that the MVFOSM method overestimates βsls compared to that computed by the MCS method. Besides, both factor of safety(FS) and slt are key factors influencing βsls, so the combination of FS and βsls is welcome to be used for the SLS reliability analysis of piles when slt is determined. For smaller slt, pile types and soils conditions have significant influence on the SLS target reliability indices; for larger slt, slt is the major factor having influence on the SLS target reliability indices. This proves that slt is the most key parameter for the determination of the SLS target reliability index.
文摘Objective To develop a tool capable of early and exactly predicting various outcomes in comatose survivors who restore spontaneous circulation after cardiopulmonary resuscitation （CPR） and validate its performance. Methods Variables that were both readily available and predictive of outcomes were identified by systematically reviewing published literature on resuscitation. A value was assigned to these variables. We used these variables in combination with APACHE II score to devise a multifactorial prediction score system, which we called PRCSs Prognostication Score （PRCSs-PS）. Outcomes in 115 hospitalized comatose survivors after CPR were retrospectively reviewed using PRCSs-PS. Score of patients with different outcomes was compared. The area under the receiver- operating characteristic （ROC） curve was determined to evaluate performance of this tool to identify patients with a poor outcome （CPC4 and 5） and other outcomes （CPC1, 2, and 3）. Results There were differences of PRCSs-PS score among multiple groups with five different outcomes （CPC 1-5）（F=65.91, P=0.000）. Pairwise groups with different CPC were compared： no significant difference was noted between CPC1 and CPC2 （12.41±6.49 vs 17.38±6.91,P=0.092）, but difference between other pairwise CPC groups was statistically significant （CPC2 vs CPC3：17.38±6.91 vs 24.50±5.80, P=0.041, CPC3 vs CPC4：24.50±5.80 vs 32.29±5.24, P=0.006）. The performance of PRCSs-PS to discriminate patients with a poor outcome from patients with other outcomes went as follows： it had 100% sensitivity, 78.6% specificity, and 178.6 diagnostic index at the score cut-off22.5; it had 77.8% sensitivity, 100% specificity and 176.4 diagnostic index at the score cut-off32.5. Score 23 and 33 were two key cut-offpoints. The area under the ROC curve was 0.968, showing excellent discrimination. Conclusions The final outcomes in post-resuscitation comatose survivors can be accurately predicted using PRCSs-PS Score.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China（10171032） Supported by the Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China（011606）
文摘This paper is concerned with the existence of positive solutions of the followingDirichlet problem for p-mean curvature operator with critical exponent： -div（（1 ＋｜↓△u｜^2 ）p-2/2 ↓△u） = λup-1＋μ u=q-1,u 〉 0,x x∈Ω,u=0,x∈ δΩ,where u ∈ W01,P is a bounded domain in R^N（N 〉 p 〉 1） with smooth boundary δΩ, 2≤p ≤q〈p,p=Np/N-p,λ,μ〉0. It reaches the conclusions that this problem has at least one positive solution in the different cases. It is discussed the existences of positivesolutions of the Dirichlet problem for the p-mean curvature operator with critical exponentby using Nehari-type duality property firstly. As p = 2, q = p, the result is correspond tothat of Laplace operator.
基金Project （51171125） supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Project （20110321051 ） supported by the Science and Technology Key Project of Shanxi Province, China
文摘Materials with the same elastic modulus E and representative stress and strain （σr,εr） present similar indentation-loading curves, whatever the value of strain hardening exponent n. Based on this definition, a good approach was proposed to extract the plastic properties or constitutive equations of metals from nanoindentation test combining finite element simulation. Firstly, without consideration of strain hardening, the representative stress was determined by varying assumed representative stress over a wide range until a good agreement was reached between the computed and experimental loading curves. Similarly, the corresponding representative strain was determined with different hypothetical values of strain hardening exponent in the range of 0-0.6. Through modulating assumed strain hardening exponent values to make the computed unloading curve coincide with that of the experiment, the real strain hardening exponent was acquired. Once the strain hardening exponent was determined, the initial yield stress ay of metals could be obtained by the power law constitution. The validity of the proposed methodology was verified by three real metals： AISI 304 steel, Fe andA1 alloy.
基金Supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China,No.81773130the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University(the Key Projects of Postgraduate Independent Exploration and Innovation of Central South University,No.2018zzts050)the New Xiangya Talent Projects of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University,No.JY201508
文摘AIM To investigate whether promoter methylation is re-sponsible for the silencing of formin 2 （ FMN2） in colorectal cancer （CRC） and to analyze the association between FMN2 methylation and CRC.METHODSWe frst identifed the expression levels and methylation levels of FMN2 in large-scale human CRC expression data-sets, including GEO and TCGA, and analyzed the relation-ship between the expression and methylation levels. Then, the methylation levels in four CpG regions adjacent to the FMN2 promoter were assessed by MethylTarget？ assays in CRC cells and in paired colorectal tumor samples and adjacent nontumor tissue samples. Furthermore, we inhibited DNA methylation in CRC cells with 5-Aza-2’-deoxycytidine and assessed the expression of FMN2 by qRT-PCR. Last, the association between FMN2 methylation patterns and clinical indicators was analyzed.RESULTSA statistically significant downregulation of FMN2 ex-pression in large-scale human CRC expression datasets was found. Subsequent analysis showed that a high frequency of hypermethylation occurred in the FMN2 gene promoter in CRC tissues; operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that FMN2 gene methylation had a good capability for discriminating between CRC and nontumor tissue samples （AUC = 0.8432, P 〈 0.0001）. MethylTarget？ assays showed that CRC cells and tissues displayed higher methylation of these CpG regions than nontumor tissue samples. Correlation analysis showed a strong inverse correlation between methylation and FMN2 expression, and the inhibition of DNA methylation with 5-Aza significantly increased endogenous FMN2 expression. Analysis of the association between FMN2 methylation patterns and clinical indicators showed that FMN2 methylation was signifcantly associated with age, N stage, lymphovascular invasion, and pathologic tumor stage. Notably, the highest methylation of FMN2 occurred in tissues from cases of early-stage CRC, including cases with no regional lymph node metastasis （N0）, cases in stages Ⅰ and Ⅱ, and cases with no lymphovascular inva-sion, but the methylation level began to decrease with tumor progression. Additionally, FMN2 promoter hyper-methylation was more common in patients 〉 60 years old and in colon cancer tissue.CONCLUSIONFMN2 promoter hypermethylation may be an important early event in CRC, most likely playing a critical role in cancer initiation, and can serve as an ideal diagnostic biomarker in elderly patients with early-stage colon cancer.
