The kinetic characteristics of P adsorption and desorption by organo-mineral colloidal complexes (OMC)were studied using acid, calcareous and neutral purple paddy soils taken from Chongqing and Sichuan, China.The resu...The kinetic characteristics of P adsorption and desorption by organo-mineral colloidal complexes (OMC)were studied using acid, calcareous and neutral purple paddy soils taken from Chongqing and Sichuan, China.The results showed that the P adsorption capacity of the organo-mineral colloidal complexes differed with the soil types, being higher for the acid and calcareous purple soils than for the neutral purple soils. Partial removal of the organic matter increased the adsorption capacity of the colloidal complexes. A very significant positive correlation was found between the amounts of P desorbed from OMC and the P saturation degrees.The P adsorption reaction was quick at the early stage and slowed later. The raise of temperature increased P adsorption capacity and P adsorption rate of the colloidal complexes. The adsorption processes could be described by the Elovich equation.展开更多
Narrow spectral response,low charge separation efficiency and slow water oxidation kinetics of TiO_(2)limit its application in photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic water splitting.Herein,a promising organic/inorgan...Narrow spectral response,low charge separation efficiency and slow water oxidation kinetics of TiO_(2)limit its application in photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic water splitting.Herein,a promising organic/inorganic composite catalyst Ag/PANI/3DOMM‐TiO_(2–x)with a three‐dimensional ordered macro‐and meso‐porous(3DO MM)structure,oxygen vacancy and Ti^(3+)defects,heterojunction formation and noble metal Ag was designed based on the Z‐scheme mechanism and successfully prepared.The Ag/PANI/3DOMM‐TiO_(2–x)ternary catalyst exhibited enhanced hydrogen production activity in both photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical water splitting.The photocatalytic hydrogen production rate is 420.90μmol g^(–1)h^(–1),which are 19.80 times and 2.06 times higher than the commercial P25 and 3DOMM‐TiO_(2),respectively.In the photoelectrochemical tests,the Ag/PANI/3DOMM‐TiO_(2–x)photoelectrode shows enhanced separation and transfer of carriers with a high current density of 1.55 mA cm^(–2)at equilibrium potential of 1.23 V under simulated AM 1.5 G illumination,which is approximately 5 times greater than the 3DOMM‐TiO_(2).The present work has demonstrated the promising potential of organic/inorganic Z‐scheme photocatalyst in driving water splitting for hydrogen production.展开更多
Six preparation methods for polymeric organic-inorganic nanocomposites and their respective mechanisms and features are reviewed. The extraordinary properties of polymeric organic-inorganic nanocomposites are discusse...Six preparation methods for polymeric organic-inorganic nanocomposites and their respective mechanisms and features are reviewed. The extraordinary properties of polymeric organic-inorganic nanocomposites are discussed,and their potential applications are evaluated.展开更多
A polyoxometalate-based complex [Mn(DMSO)5H2O]2SiMo12O40 has been synthe- sized and it crystallizes in triclinic, space group P with a = 11.863(2), b = 12.750(3), c = 13.255(3) , a = 83.62(3), b = 69.46(3), g = 87.14(...A polyoxometalate-based complex [Mn(DMSO)5H2O]2SiMo12O40 has been synthe- sized and it crystallizes in triclinic, space group P with a = 11.863(2), b = 12.750(3), c = 13.255(3) , a = 83.62(3), b = 69.46(3), g = 87.14(3), V = 1865.6(6) 3, Dc = 2.445 g/cm3, Z = 1, ?= 2.660 mm-1, Mr = 2746.56, F(000) = 1328, R = 0.0569, wR = 0.1190 and GOF = 1.125. The results of X-ray crystal analysis and IR spectrum show that there exists strong interaction between the heteropolyanions [SiMo12O40]4- and coordination cations [Mn(DMSO)5H2O]2+ in solid state.展开更多
A new organic-inorganic hybrid material [Na6(H2O)16(dod)2V10O28] (dod = 1,4- diazoniabicyclo[2,2,2]octane-1,4-diacetate) has been synthesized and X-ray single-crystal structural analysis reveals it crystallizes in tri...A new organic-inorganic hybrid material [Na6(H2O)16(dod)2V10O28] (dod = 1,4- diazoniabicyclo[2,2,2]octane-1,4-diacetate) has been synthesized and X-ray single-crystal structural analysis reveals it crystallizes in triclinic, space group P with a = 11.533(7), b = 12.031(7), c = 12.187(4) ? a = 72.47(1), b = 73.16(1), g = 68.21(1)o, C20H64N4Na6O52V10, V = 1467(1) ?, Z = 1, Mr = 1840.1, Dc = 2.083 g/cm3, MoKa, l = 0.71073 ? m = 1.686, F(000) = 924, S = 1.027, the final R = 0.0538 and wR = 0.1272 for 4398 observed reflections. The compound has a three-dimensional frame- work constructed from decavanadate clusters, NaO chains and dod ligands. A variety of OH…O and CH…O hydrogen bonds play an important role in stabilizing the framework.展开更多
Calcium-bound and iron-and aluminium-bound humus extracted from different soils collected from north to south of China were characterized by chemical and spectroscopic methods. Meaningful differences in the compositio...Calcium-bound and iron-and aluminium-bound humus extracted from different soils collected from north to south of China were characterized by chemical and spectroscopic methods. Meaningful differences in the composition and structure between them were revealed by (13)C NMR, visible spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Results showed that the contents of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen were higher in iron-and aluminium-bound humus than in calcium-bound humus while oxygen content in calcium-bound humus was shown to be higher. The calcium-bound humus had hasher C/N and O/C ratios than iron- and aluminumbound humus. The calcium-bound humic acid (HA1) showed higher E4/E6 ratios than iron- and aluminumbound humic acid (HA2) while iron- and aluminum-bound pulvic acid (FA2) showed higher E4/E6 ratios than calcium-bound fulvic acid (PA1). An inverse relationship between E4/E6 ratios and aromaticity as determined by (13)C NMR spectra was observed for HA and FA from black soil. The (13)C NMR spectroscopy revealed that HA2 was more aromatic than HA1. On the other hand, FA1 exhibited a higher aromaticitythan FA2.展开更多
Interaction of ammonium (NH+4) and potassium (K+) is typical in field soils. However, the effects of organic matter on interaction of NH+4 and K+have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we examined the ch...Interaction of ammonium (NH+4) and potassium (K+) is typical in field soils. However, the effects of organic matter on interaction of NH+4 and K+have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we examined the changes in major physicochemical properties of three clay minerals (kaolinite, illite, and montmorillonite) after humic acid (HA) coating and evaluated the influences of these changes on the interaction of NH+4 and K+on clay minerals using batch experiments. After HA coating, the cation exchange capacity (CEC) and specific surface area (SSA) of montmorillonite decreased significantly, while little decrease in CEC and SSA occurred in illite and only a slight increase in CEC was found in kaolinite. Humic acid coating significantly increased cation adsorption and preference for NH+4, and this effect was more obvious on clay minerals with a lower CEC. Results of Fourier transform infrared spectrometry analysis showed that HA coating promoted the formation of H-bonds between the adsorbed NH+4 and the organo-mineral complexes. HA coating increased cation fixation capacity on montmorillonite and kaolinite, but the opposite occurred on illite. In addition, HA coating increased the competitiveness of NH+4 on fixation sites. These results showed that HA coating affected both the nature of clay mineral surfaces and the reactions of NH+4 and K+with clay minerals, which might influence the availability of nutrient cations to plants in field soils amended with organic matter.展开更多
Recently, photothermal therapy （PTT） has attracted tremendous attention because of its high efficacy in tumor ablation and minimal damage to normal tissues. While many inorganic nanomaterials, especially various gol...Recently, photothermal therapy （PTT） has attracted tremendous attention because of its high efficacy in tumor ablation and minimal damage to normal tissues. While many inorganic nanomaterials, especially various gold nanostructures and nanocarbons, have been extensively explored for near-infrared （NIR） light triggered PTT in the past decade, a variety of organic photothermal agents have also emerged in recent years, aiming at replacing their inorganic counterparts which usually are not biodegradable. In this mini-review, we will summarize several typical classes of recently developed NIR-absorbing organic PTT nano- agents, which include NIR dye-containing micelles, porphysomes, protein-based agents, conjugated polymers, and organic/inorganic nanocomposites. The development of imaging-guided PTT and combination therapy will be introduced as well. Finally, the perspectives and challenges in the future development of PTT will be discussed.展开更多
Functional organic-inorganic nanocomposites with high transparency show significant potential application in many fields. However, it is still a great challenge to prepare flexible transparent nanocomposites due to th...Functional organic-inorganic nanocomposites with high transparency show significant potential application in many fields. However, it is still a great challenge to prepare flexible transparent nanocomposites due to the intrinsic stiffness of the nanoparticles and the poor interaction between nanopartieles and organic matrices. In this work, a transparent ternary nanocomposite film with enhanced mechanical performance is fabricated by two-steps. First, the transparent ternary ZnO/MWCNTs/n-butyl methacrylate （BMA） nanodispersion is prepared by mixing the ZnO/BMA and MWCNTs/BMA dispersions directly. Then, the ternary nanocoposites film is fabricated via in-situ bulk polymerization of the above nanodispersions. As a result, the tensile strength of the ZnO/MWCNTs/poly-n-butyl methacrylate （PBMA） ternary film is enhanced by 42% and the elongation at break is three times that of ZnO/PBMA nanocomposite. The hardness of the film increases from 5B to 1H with 40 wt% ZnO. These results indicate that ZnO and MWCNTs can improve the mechanical properties of the composite significantly. Importantly, the ternary nanocomposite film still remains high transparency and exhibit excellent UV-shielding performance. The as-prepared transparent multifunctional nanocomposite films have promising applications in optical materials and devices, such as optical filters, contact lenses and protection packing.展开更多
基金the Applied Science Foundation of the Science and Technology Commission of Chongqing,China.
文摘The kinetic characteristics of P adsorption and desorption by organo-mineral colloidal complexes (OMC)were studied using acid, calcareous and neutral purple paddy soils taken from Chongqing and Sichuan, China.The results showed that the P adsorption capacity of the organo-mineral colloidal complexes differed with the soil types, being higher for the acid and calcareous purple soils than for the neutral purple soils. Partial removal of the organic matter increased the adsorption capacity of the colloidal complexes. A very significant positive correlation was found between the amounts of P desorbed from OMC and the P saturation degrees.The P adsorption reaction was quick at the early stage and slowed later. The raise of temperature increased P adsorption capacity and P adsorption rate of the colloidal complexes. The adsorption processes could be described by the Elovich equation.
文摘Narrow spectral response,low charge separation efficiency and slow water oxidation kinetics of TiO_(2)limit its application in photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic water splitting.Herein,a promising organic/inorganic composite catalyst Ag/PANI/3DOMM‐TiO_(2–x)with a three‐dimensional ordered macro‐and meso‐porous(3DO MM)structure,oxygen vacancy and Ti^(3+)defects,heterojunction formation and noble metal Ag was designed based on the Z‐scheme mechanism and successfully prepared.The Ag/PANI/3DOMM‐TiO_(2–x)ternary catalyst exhibited enhanced hydrogen production activity in both photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical water splitting.The photocatalytic hydrogen production rate is 420.90μmol g^(–1)h^(–1),which are 19.80 times and 2.06 times higher than the commercial P25 and 3DOMM‐TiO_(2),respectively.In the photoelectrochemical tests,the Ag/PANI/3DOMM‐TiO_(2–x)photoelectrode shows enhanced separation and transfer of carriers with a high current density of 1.55 mA cm^(–2)at equilibrium potential of 1.23 V under simulated AM 1.5 G illumination,which is approximately 5 times greater than the 3DOMM‐TiO_(2).The present work has demonstrated the promising potential of organic/inorganic Z‐scheme photocatalyst in driving water splitting for hydrogen production.
基金Supported by Phosphor Plan of Science Technology of Young Scientists of Shanghai(No.00QE14047).
文摘Six preparation methods for polymeric organic-inorganic nanocomposites and their respective mechanisms and features are reviewed. The extraordinary properties of polymeric organic-inorganic nanocomposites are discussed,and their potential applications are evaluated.
基金The project was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (NO. 004040300) and the Outstanding Youth Foundation of Henan Province (NO. 004031800)
文摘A polyoxometalate-based complex [Mn(DMSO)5H2O]2SiMo12O40 has been synthe- sized and it crystallizes in triclinic, space group P with a = 11.863(2), b = 12.750(3), c = 13.255(3) , a = 83.62(3), b = 69.46(3), g = 87.14(3), V = 1865.6(6) 3, Dc = 2.445 g/cm3, Z = 1, ?= 2.660 mm-1, Mr = 2746.56, F(000) = 1328, R = 0.0569, wR = 0.1190 and GOF = 1.125. The results of X-ray crystal analysis and IR spectrum show that there exists strong interaction between the heteropolyanions [SiMo12O40]4- and coordination cations [Mn(DMSO)5H2O]2+ in solid state.
文摘A new organic-inorganic hybrid material [Na6(H2O)16(dod)2V10O28] (dod = 1,4- diazoniabicyclo[2,2,2]octane-1,4-diacetate) has been synthesized and X-ray single-crystal structural analysis reveals it crystallizes in triclinic, space group P with a = 11.533(7), b = 12.031(7), c = 12.187(4) ? a = 72.47(1), b = 73.16(1), g = 68.21(1)o, C20H64N4Na6O52V10, V = 1467(1) ?, Z = 1, Mr = 1840.1, Dc = 2.083 g/cm3, MoKa, l = 0.71073 ? m = 1.686, F(000) = 924, S = 1.027, the final R = 0.0538 and wR = 0.1272 for 4398 observed reflections. The compound has a three-dimensional frame- work constructed from decavanadate clusters, NaO chains and dod ligands. A variety of OH…O and CH…O hydrogen bonds play an important role in stabilizing the framework.
文摘Calcium-bound and iron-and aluminium-bound humus extracted from different soils collected from north to south of China were characterized by chemical and spectroscopic methods. Meaningful differences in the composition and structure between them were revealed by (13)C NMR, visible spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Results showed that the contents of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen were higher in iron-and aluminium-bound humus than in calcium-bound humus while oxygen content in calcium-bound humus was shown to be higher. The calcium-bound humus had hasher C/N and O/C ratios than iron- and aluminumbound humus. The calcium-bound humic acid (HA1) showed higher E4/E6 ratios than iron- and aluminumbound humic acid (HA2) while iron- and aluminum-bound pulvic acid (FA2) showed higher E4/E6 ratios than calcium-bound fulvic acid (PA1). An inverse relationship between E4/E6 ratios and aromaticity as determined by (13)C NMR spectra was observed for HA and FA from black soil. The (13)C NMR spectroscopy revealed that HA2 was more aromatic than HA1. On the other hand, FA1 exhibited a higher aromaticitythan FA2.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40801085)the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest (No. 201203013)+1 种基金the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences(No. ISSASIP0712)the International Cooperation Program of the International Plant Nutrition Institute (IPNI) (No. Nanjing-11)
文摘Interaction of ammonium (NH+4) and potassium (K+) is typical in field soils. However, the effects of organic matter on interaction of NH+4 and K+have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we examined the changes in major physicochemical properties of three clay minerals (kaolinite, illite, and montmorillonite) after humic acid (HA) coating and evaluated the influences of these changes on the interaction of NH+4 and K+on clay minerals using batch experiments. After HA coating, the cation exchange capacity (CEC) and specific surface area (SSA) of montmorillonite decreased significantly, while little decrease in CEC and SSA occurred in illite and only a slight increase in CEC was found in kaolinite. Humic acid coating significantly increased cation adsorption and preference for NH+4, and this effect was more obvious on clay minerals with a lower CEC. Results of Fourier transform infrared spectrometry analysis showed that HA coating promoted the formation of H-bonds between the adsorbed NH+4 and the organo-mineral complexes. HA coating increased cation fixation capacity on montmorillonite and kaolinite, but the opposite occurred on illite. In addition, HA coating increased the competitiveness of NH+4 on fixation sites. These results showed that HA coating affected both the nature of clay mineral surfaces and the reactions of NH+4 and K+with clay minerals, which might influence the availability of nutrient cations to plants in field soils amended with organic matter.
文摘Recently, photothermal therapy （PTT） has attracted tremendous attention because of its high efficacy in tumor ablation and minimal damage to normal tissues. While many inorganic nanomaterials, especially various gold nanostructures and nanocarbons, have been extensively explored for near-infrared （NIR） light triggered PTT in the past decade, a variety of organic photothermal agents have also emerged in recent years, aiming at replacing their inorganic counterparts which usually are not biodegradable. In this mini-review, we will summarize several typical classes of recently developed NIR-absorbing organic PTT nano- agents, which include NIR dye-containing micelles, porphysomes, protein-based agents, conjugated polymers, and organic/inorganic nanocomposites. The development of imaging-guided PTT and combination therapy will be introduced as well. Finally, the perspectives and challenges in the future development of PTT will be discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21476024)the National Key Technology Support Program (2014BAE12B01)Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Project (Z151100003315005)
文摘Functional organic-inorganic nanocomposites with high transparency show significant potential application in many fields. However, it is still a great challenge to prepare flexible transparent nanocomposites due to the intrinsic stiffness of the nanoparticles and the poor interaction between nanopartieles and organic matrices. In this work, a transparent ternary nanocomposite film with enhanced mechanical performance is fabricated by two-steps. First, the transparent ternary ZnO/MWCNTs/n-butyl methacrylate （BMA） nanodispersion is prepared by mixing the ZnO/BMA and MWCNTs/BMA dispersions directly. Then, the ternary nanocoposites film is fabricated via in-situ bulk polymerization of the above nanodispersions. As a result, the tensile strength of the ZnO/MWCNTs/poly-n-butyl methacrylate （PBMA） ternary film is enhanced by 42% and the elongation at break is three times that of ZnO/PBMA nanocomposite. The hardness of the film increases from 5B to 1H with 40 wt% ZnO. These results indicate that ZnO and MWCNTs can improve the mechanical properties of the composite significantly. Importantly, the ternary nanocomposite film still remains high transparency and exhibit excellent UV-shielding performance. The as-prepared transparent multifunctional nanocomposite films have promising applications in optical materials and devices, such as optical filters, contact lenses and protection packing.
