A web service wrapping approach for command line programs,which are commonly used in scientific computing,is proposed.First,software architecture for a basic web service wrapper implementation is given and the functio...A web service wrapping approach for command line programs,which are commonly used in scientific computing,is proposed.First,software architecture for a basic web service wrapper implementation is given and the functions of the main components are explained.Then after a comprehensive analysis of data transmission and a job life cycle model,a novel proactive file transmission and job management mechanism is devised to enhance the software architecture,and the command line programs are wrapped into web services in such a way that they can efficiently transmit files,supply instant status feedback and automatically manage the jobs.Experiments show that the proposed approach achieves higher performance with less memory usage compared to the related work, and the usability is also improved.This work has already been put into use in a production system of scientific computing and the data processing efficiency of the system is greatly improved.展开更多
Taking the Jiangsu Province as Zhenjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Hilly Areas of an example, the paper elaborated the advanced practices of agricultural research institutes in agricultural science and techn...Taking the Jiangsu Province as Zhenjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Hilly Areas of an example, the paper elaborated the advanced practices of agricultural research institutes in agricultural science and technology services and analyzed the difficulties and solutions in the services. process of science and technologyservices.展开更多
The shortage and inefficiency of public cultural services are common problems in China, especially in the western regions. Baiyun District has made use- ful exploration to the construction of rural public cultural ser...The shortage and inefficiency of public cultural services are common problems in China, especially in the western regions. Baiyun District has made use- ful exploration to the construction of rural public cultural service system, network system, resource system, management system and service system.展开更多
141 cases of functional impotence of the kidney-deficiency type were treated by tonifying the kidney. On them, 103 cases at the same time were treated by improving blood circulation and the other 38 cases by the forme...141 cases of functional impotence of the kidney-deficiency type were treated by tonifying the kidney. On them, 103 cases at the same time were treated by improving blood circulation and the other 38 cases by the former only. As a result the total effective rate and the markedly effective rate in the former were 84.46% and 46.60% respectively; but in the latter, 60.55% and 13.15%. A significant difference was found in Ridit analysis (P展开更多
Reorganization of network information resources for scientific and technical （scitech for abbreviation） documents and development of information infrastructure have brought a great change in China＇s scitech documen...Reorganization of network information resources for scientific and technical （scitech for abbreviation） documents and development of information infrastructure have brought a great change in China＇s scitech documentation information sharing. It integrated not only information resources, but also systems, technologies and funds. High quality services and effective resources sharing are the main goals of the platform construction. The paper describes briefly the principles and aims of the integration of the scitech information resources and networks. The services of the sharing platforms have been also introduced.展开更多
In the era of the big data. the national strategies and the rapid development of computers and storage technologies bring opportunities and challenges to the library＇s data services. Based on the investigation litera...In the era of the big data. the national strategies and the rapid development of computers and storage technologies bring opportunities and challenges to the library＇s data services. Based on the investigation literature of the scientific data services in the university libraries in the United States, the development process of the scientific data is analyzed from three aspects of the service types, the service mode and the service contents. The author of this paper also proposes opportunities and challenges from 5 aspects of the policy support. strengthening the publicity, the self learning, the self positioning and relying on the embedded subject librarians, to promote the development of the library scientific data services.展开更多
The three surgical patient safety events, wrong site surgery, retained surgical items (RSI) and surgical fires are rare occurrences and thus their effects on the complex modern operating room (OR) are difficult to stu...The three surgical patient safety events, wrong site surgery, retained surgical items (RSI) and surgical fires are rare occurrences and thus their effects on the complex modern operating room (OR) are difficult to study. The likelihood of occurrence and the magnitude of risk for each of these surgical safety events are undefined. Many providers may never have a personal experience with one of these events and training and education on these topics are sparse. These circumstances lead to faulty thinking that a provider won't ever have an event or if one does occur the provider will intuitively know what to do. Surgeons are not preoccupied with failure and tend to usually consider good outcomes, which leads them to ignore or diminish the importance of implementing and following simple safety practices. These circumstances contribute to the persistent low level occurrence of these three events and to the difficulty in generating sufficient interest to resource solutions. Individual facilities rarely have the time or talent to understand these events and develop lasting solutions. More often than not, even the most well meaning internal review results in a new line to a policy and some rigorous enforcement mandate. This approach routinely fails and is another reason why these problems are so persistent. Vigilance actions alone havebeen unsuccessful so hospitals now have to take a systematic approach to implementing safer processes and providing the resources for surgeons and other stake-holders to optimize the OR environment. This article discusses standardized processes of care for mitigation of injury or outright prevention of wrong site surgery, RSI and surgical fires in an action-oriented framework illustrating the strategic elements important in each event and focusing on the responsibilities for each of the three major OR agents-anesthesiologists, surgeons and nurses. A Surgical Patient Safety Checklist is discussed that incorporates the necessary elements to bring these team members together and influence the emergence of a safer OR.展开更多
The first human communication is conveyed by the clothing. Clothing is a language, which has vocabulary and grammar like the human discourse. Of course, there are many clothing languages, with some having very close r...The first human communication is conveyed by the clothing. Clothing is a language, which has vocabulary and grammar like the human discourse. Of course, there are many clothing languages, with some having very close relationships, and some being very unique. In each clothing language, there are many different dialects and tones, which is the style of clothing.展开更多
Virology is a branch of biological science dealing with the study of viruses,and medical virology focuses on the study and control of diseases due to viruses that is of medical importance. The development of medical v...Virology is a branch of biological science dealing with the study of viruses,and medical virology focuses on the study and control of diseases due to viruses that is of medical importance. The development of medical virology in Malaysia has its beginning in the Institute for Medical Research(IMR) ,following the establishment of the Division of Medical Zoology and Virus Research in the institute on 23 March 1953. The second institution in the country to establish diagnostic and research work in medical virology was Department of Medical Microbiology,Faculty of Medicine,University Malaya. This was followed by University Kebangsaan Malaysia,University Sains Malaysia and University of Sarawak Malaysia. The National Public Health Laboratory(NPHL) is the latest institution to establish a laboratory in 2003 for virus isolation and services to support country surveillance and outbreak investigation of infectious diseases due to viruses. In the field of medical virology,Malaysia contributed substantially in the areas of virus diagnostic services,development and research ranging from survey and documentation on the existence and prevalence of viruses causing diseases in Malaysia,clinical presentation and epidemiological features of virus diseases,evaluation of new diagnostic tests to pathogenesis of viral diseases. Malaysia contributed to the discoveries of at least 12 new viruses in the world. ASEAN plus Three(China,Japan,Republic of Korea) Emerging Infectious Programme was established to overcome the challenges and impact of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases in this region. Malaysia as the co-ordinator of the laboratory component of the programme,contributed to strengthen the regional laboratory capability,capacity,laboratory-based surveillance and networking. The future of medical virology in Malaysia in terms of integration of diagnostic,reference and research to support the country's need will be enhanced and strengthened with the on-going development of the National Centre for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC Malaysia) which also incorporates a futuristic Special Diagnostic and Reference Laboratory.展开更多
Clothing is one of the important factors to perfect present the movie for the audiences; it represents the film actor＇ s ＂second language.＂ A good audience＇ s favorite films in a wonderful show give the audience s...Clothing is one of the important factors to perfect present the movie for the audiences; it represents the film actor＇ s ＂second language.＂ A good audience＇ s favorite films in a wonderful show give the audience story, but also the beauty film＇ s art manifested clothing, it gives the audience a visual double enjoyment. In recent years, more and more sci-fi drama movies are loved by the people and recognized by the box office, many science fiction movies in the summer file or Lunar New Year stalls have become a box-office champion. In addition to this success, it is the use of high-tech movie, naturally inseparable from the influx of conceptual clothing. Science fiction movie is about the future vision of the world and longing, through the idea that the concept is applied to the fihn, the final screenplay conceives a screenwriter and shoot. Thus, science fiction nmvies emphasize that the ＂future＂ concept theme, movie costumes are also combined with the need to choose the theme and design, it is clear conceptual costume for sci-fi movie and it is most appropriate. The use of conceptual clothing itself, avant-garde ＂, ＂personality＂ has a sense of future space features, you can add heavy feeling for the future concept of the film, while also provide some support for the fihn to create a science fiction theme.展开更多
The ultimate objective of sports public service is to pay attention to the development of human beings. It is the absolute trend of health conception pursuit by the growing material and cultural lives of the people. W...The ultimate objective of sports public service is to pay attention to the development of human beings. It is the absolute trend of health conception pursuit by the growing material and cultural lives of the people. When the modem society is interpreting the concept, the connotation and the development objective of sports public services, it conforms to the scientific concept of development that takes humans as essentials. With the target of the development of three stages, it realizes the service system at which the government macro-control and all sectors of society mutually participate. In addition, it also realizes the service system in which the rural-urban sports public service develops with the characteristics of diversification, multi-subjects and multi-centers. These are to be gradually realized on the perspectives of management mode, supply mode, and operation mechanism as well as the social guarantee mechanism, etc. In this way, the sports public service in our country is ensured to develop gradually and stably.展开更多
The present project provides information about a service-learning project in an undergraduate technical writing course assigned in the Fall Semester of2011 at a small public university in Oklahoma. Students in the cou...The present project provides information about a service-learning project in an undergraduate technical writing course assigned in the Fall Semester of2011 at a small public university in Oklahoma. Students in the course were assigned to ＂performance teams＂ and tasked with interviewing faculty advisors and officers of international student organizations on campus. Based upon the results of these interviews, the members of each team were asked to compose documents or deliver presentations that met the expressed needs of the student organizations. The assignment was designed to allow students an authentic experience in assessing the needs of a particular audience and in working with students from a different cultural group. The outcomes of the assignment and the challenges expressed by the students were discussed. The participation of students in the international student organizations was discussed in terms of university retention展开更多
This work aims at developing the actor-to-actor （A2A） relationship concept in service contexts enhancing the contribution of the systems theories. The most recent progresses related to the research on the service, a...This work aims at developing the actor-to-actor （A2A） relationship concept in service contexts enhancing the contribution of the systems theories. The most recent progresses related to the research on the service, as a matter of fact, highlight how the nowadays co-creation processes are key elements in each service context. Both the Service Science （SS） and the Service Dominant （S-D） logic analyse the importance of the role played by the numerousness of actors involved in the service exchange because of the resources held （and released） and the contribution they can offer. System theories, and in particular the Viable System Approach, offer the possibility of an holistic perspective able to re-interpret the same characterizing mechanisms of the value co-creation. In the following parts of the work it will presented a conceptual analysis based on the contribution of the VSA, the SS and the S-D logic, whose scientific proposals will be developed and critically analysed in order to verify the proposition coherence in terms of A2A relationships within the value co-creation process. The relational perspective of the Service Eco-systems shows a view open to network in relation to economic and social actors, where each organization can be considered as an actor because it is actively committed in the value co-creation development, going beyond the difference between the user, the producer, or the exchange facilitator. Therefore, the contribution proposes some progresses compared with the business to business （B2B） approach and literature, through the introduction of the new A2A interaction concept within the service context for the indistinct role that the actors play in the value co-creation process. In this perspective, the contribution introduces the research line focused on the service, giving attention, afterwards, to the service system context, in order to analyse the features of these systems with the specific goal of identifying its peculiarity. The contribution proceed with the presentation of the systems thinking, and in particular the VSA contribution, directed toward the description of the gaps that the authors identify in the present research attempting to offer some orientations for the comprehension and the improvement of the service systems and of their planning and management implications. The contribution finally proposes an integrated interpretation of the several emerging paradigms （VSA, SS and S-D logic） seeking an in-depth-analysis of the A2A relationships in the service contexts.展开更多
In view of current situation of high repeated abortion rate in China, the Chinese Women＇ s Development Foundation, the Family Planning Branch of Chinese Medical Association and the National Population and Family Plan...In view of current situation of high repeated abortion rate in China, the Chinese Women＇ s Development Foundation, the Family Planning Branch of Chinese Medical Association and the National Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute mutually sponsor the ＂Caring Her Care after Abortion（abbreviated as PAC） Public Welfare Project＂ , aiming at establishing PAC excellence service model outpatient service, regulating the female care service process after abortion, promoting contraception knowledge, strengthening the immediate contraception consciousness after abortion, implementing effective contraception measures and guiding females how to adhere to the correct usage after abortion, so as to improve the female reproductive health level.展开更多
Purpose： The purpose of the study was to ascertain the relationship between efficient medical services and Nigerian undergraduates＇ participation in sports. Methods and Materials： A randomly sampled population of 2...Purpose： The purpose of the study was to ascertain the relationship between efficient medical services and Nigerian undergraduates＇ participation in sports. Methods and Materials： A randomly sampled population of 280 students and 12 managerial staff of sport and medical units participated in the descriptive study. Responses to a validated questionnaire provided the source of data. A test-retest reliability coefficient （r） = 0.80. Data were analyzed with simple percentages and Chi-square at 〈 0.05 alpha level. Results： All the respondents in medical centre and sport unit oriented the students on the available medical services and facilities on campus： availability of first aid services, treatment services for complicated injuries （inpatient）, referral services for specialized care, financial support during hospitalization. Complementary results from the students showed that the majority of the respondents （50%） strongly agreed that medical centre was available in the Campus, and 36% strongly affirmed to availability of first aid services. Thirty four percent of the respondents strongly agreed to the availability of treatment services, while 40% of the respondent agreed to the availability of free medical services. The study revealed that there was a significant relationship between efficient medical services and students＇ participation in sports. Conclusion： All medical services were available but students perceive the services as inefficient which implies poor or non utilization.展开更多
Abstract： This study discusses the benefits of establishing a broader discipline of water science, based on the organizing mechanism of PES-W （payments for ecosystem services on the watershed scale）. PES-W is deriv...Abstract： This study discusses the benefits of establishing a broader discipline of water science, based on the organizing mechanism of PES-W （payments for ecosystem services on the watershed scale）. PES-W is derived from an extension of governance analyses of 163 watershed-based PES （payments for ecosystem services） programs, and from the integrative decision mechanism of IPES （integrated payments for ecosystem services） to generalize the PES approach. PES-W reflects three interrelated perspectives fundamental to the global science of integrated water governance： （1） the ecological and economic perspective to integrate human incentives for integrated water resources governance; （2） the sociological and ecological perspective to form partnerships for meta-monitoring and recta-funding for integrated watershed governance; and （3） the scientific and sociological perspective to develop organizing botmdaries based on technology, lifestyle, entrepreneurship and organizing infrastructure for integrated aquatic ecosystem governance. This study is intended to communicate with the international scientific communities for establishing an advanced, academic, and practical multidisciplinary field of the global science of integrated water governance as a critical condition for sustainable development in human societies.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60573117)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2007CB310805)
文摘A web service wrapping approach for command line programs,which are commonly used in scientific computing,is proposed.First,software architecture for a basic web service wrapper implementation is given and the functions of the main components are explained.Then after a comprehensive analysis of data transmission and a job life cycle model,a novel proactive file transmission and job management mechanism is devised to enhance the software architecture,and the command line programs are wrapped into web services in such a way that they can efficiently transmit files,supply instant status feedback and automatically manage the jobs.Experiments show that the proposed approach achieves higher performance with less memory usage compared to the related work, and the usability is also improved.This work has already been put into use in a production system of scientific computing and the data processing efficiency of the system is greatly improved.
文摘Taking the Jiangsu Province as Zhenjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Hilly Areas of an example, the paper elaborated the advanced practices of agricultural research institutes in agricultural science and technology services and analyzed the difficulties and solutions in the services. process of science and technologyservices.
文摘The shortage and inefficiency of public cultural services are common problems in China, especially in the western regions. Baiyun District has made use- ful exploration to the construction of rural public cultural service system, network system, resource system, management system and service system.
文摘141 cases of functional impotence of the kidney-deficiency type were treated by tonifying the kidney. On them, 103 cases at the same time were treated by improving blood circulation and the other 38 cases by the former only. As a result the total effective rate and the markedly effective rate in the former were 84.46% and 46.60% respectively; but in the latter, 60.55% and 13.15%. A significant difference was found in Ridit analysis (P
文摘Reorganization of network information resources for scientific and technical （scitech for abbreviation） documents and development of information infrastructure have brought a great change in China＇s scitech documentation information sharing. It integrated not only information resources, but also systems, technologies and funds. High quality services and effective resources sharing are the main goals of the platform construction. The paper describes briefly the principles and aims of the integration of the scitech information resources and networks. The services of the sharing platforms have been also introduced.
文摘In the era of the big data. the national strategies and the rapid development of computers and storage technologies bring opportunities and challenges to the library＇s data services. Based on the investigation literature of the scientific data services in the university libraries in the United States, the development process of the scientific data is analyzed from three aspects of the service types, the service mode and the service contents. The author of this paper also proposes opportunities and challenges from 5 aspects of the policy support. strengthening the publicity, the self learning, the self positioning and relying on the embedded subject librarians, to promote the development of the library scientific data services.
文摘The three surgical patient safety events, wrong site surgery, retained surgical items (RSI) and surgical fires are rare occurrences and thus their effects on the complex modern operating room (OR) are difficult to study. The likelihood of occurrence and the magnitude of risk for each of these surgical safety events are undefined. Many providers may never have a personal experience with one of these events and training and education on these topics are sparse. These circumstances lead to faulty thinking that a provider won't ever have an event or if one does occur the provider will intuitively know what to do. Surgeons are not preoccupied with failure and tend to usually consider good outcomes, which leads them to ignore or diminish the importance of implementing and following simple safety practices. These circumstances contribute to the persistent low level occurrence of these three events and to the difficulty in generating sufficient interest to resource solutions. Individual facilities rarely have the time or talent to understand these events and develop lasting solutions. More often than not, even the most well meaning internal review results in a new line to a policy and some rigorous enforcement mandate. This approach routinely fails and is another reason why these problems are so persistent. Vigilance actions alone havebeen unsuccessful so hospitals now have to take a systematic approach to implementing safer processes and providing the resources for surgeons and other stake-holders to optimize the OR environment. This article discusses standardized processes of care for mitigation of injury or outright prevention of wrong site surgery, RSI and surgical fires in an action-oriented framework illustrating the strategic elements important in each event and focusing on the responsibilities for each of the three major OR agents-anesthesiologists, surgeons and nurses. A Surgical Patient Safety Checklist is discussed that incorporates the necessary elements to bring these team members together and influence the emergence of a safer OR.
文摘The first human communication is conveyed by the clothing. Clothing is a language, which has vocabulary and grammar like the human discourse. Of course, there are many clothing languages, with some having very close relationships, and some being very unique. In each clothing language, there are many different dialects and tones, which is the style of clothing.
文摘Virology is a branch of biological science dealing with the study of viruses,and medical virology focuses on the study and control of diseases due to viruses that is of medical importance. The development of medical virology in Malaysia has its beginning in the Institute for Medical Research(IMR) ,following the establishment of the Division of Medical Zoology and Virus Research in the institute on 23 March 1953. The second institution in the country to establish diagnostic and research work in medical virology was Department of Medical Microbiology,Faculty of Medicine,University Malaya. This was followed by University Kebangsaan Malaysia,University Sains Malaysia and University of Sarawak Malaysia. The National Public Health Laboratory(NPHL) is the latest institution to establish a laboratory in 2003 for virus isolation and services to support country surveillance and outbreak investigation of infectious diseases due to viruses. In the field of medical virology,Malaysia contributed substantially in the areas of virus diagnostic services,development and research ranging from survey and documentation on the existence and prevalence of viruses causing diseases in Malaysia,clinical presentation and epidemiological features of virus diseases,evaluation of new diagnostic tests to pathogenesis of viral diseases. Malaysia contributed to the discoveries of at least 12 new viruses in the world. ASEAN plus Three(China,Japan,Republic of Korea) Emerging Infectious Programme was established to overcome the challenges and impact of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases in this region. Malaysia as the co-ordinator of the laboratory component of the programme,contributed to strengthen the regional laboratory capability,capacity,laboratory-based surveillance and networking. The future of medical virology in Malaysia in terms of integration of diagnostic,reference and research to support the country's need will be enhanced and strengthened with the on-going development of the National Centre for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC Malaysia) which also incorporates a futuristic Special Diagnostic and Reference Laboratory.
文摘Clothing is one of the important factors to perfect present the movie for the audiences; it represents the film actor＇ s ＂second language.＂ A good audience＇ s favorite films in a wonderful show give the audience story, but also the beauty film＇ s art manifested clothing, it gives the audience a visual double enjoyment. In recent years, more and more sci-fi drama movies are loved by the people and recognized by the box office, many science fiction movies in the summer file or Lunar New Year stalls have become a box-office champion. In addition to this success, it is the use of high-tech movie, naturally inseparable from the influx of conceptual clothing. Science fiction movie is about the future vision of the world and longing, through the idea that the concept is applied to the fihn, the final screenplay conceives a screenwriter and shoot. Thus, science fiction nmvies emphasize that the ＂future＂ concept theme, movie costumes are also combined with the need to choose the theme and design, it is clear conceptual costume for sci-fi movie and it is most appropriate. The use of conceptual clothing itself, avant-garde ＂, ＂personality＂ has a sense of future space features, you can add heavy feeling for the future concept of the film, while also provide some support for the fihn to create a science fiction theme.
文摘The ultimate objective of sports public service is to pay attention to the development of human beings. It is the absolute trend of health conception pursuit by the growing material and cultural lives of the people. When the modem society is interpreting the concept, the connotation and the development objective of sports public services, it conforms to the scientific concept of development that takes humans as essentials. With the target of the development of three stages, it realizes the service system at which the government macro-control and all sectors of society mutually participate. In addition, it also realizes the service system in which the rural-urban sports public service develops with the characteristics of diversification, multi-subjects and multi-centers. These are to be gradually realized on the perspectives of management mode, supply mode, and operation mechanism as well as the social guarantee mechanism, etc. In this way, the sports public service in our country is ensured to develop gradually and stably.
文摘The present project provides information about a service-learning project in an undergraduate technical writing course assigned in the Fall Semester of2011 at a small public university in Oklahoma. Students in the course were assigned to ＂performance teams＂ and tasked with interviewing faculty advisors and officers of international student organizations on campus. Based upon the results of these interviews, the members of each team were asked to compose documents or deliver presentations that met the expressed needs of the student organizations. The assignment was designed to allow students an authentic experience in assessing the needs of a particular audience and in working with students from a different cultural group. The outcomes of the assignment and the challenges expressed by the students were discussed. The participation of students in the international student organizations was discussed in terms of university retention
文摘This work aims at developing the actor-to-actor （A2A） relationship concept in service contexts enhancing the contribution of the systems theories. The most recent progresses related to the research on the service, as a matter of fact, highlight how the nowadays co-creation processes are key elements in each service context. Both the Service Science （SS） and the Service Dominant （S-D） logic analyse the importance of the role played by the numerousness of actors involved in the service exchange because of the resources held （and released） and the contribution they can offer. System theories, and in particular the Viable System Approach, offer the possibility of an holistic perspective able to re-interpret the same characterizing mechanisms of the value co-creation. In the following parts of the work it will presented a conceptual analysis based on the contribution of the VSA, the SS and the S-D logic, whose scientific proposals will be developed and critically analysed in order to verify the proposition coherence in terms of A2A relationships within the value co-creation process. The relational perspective of the Service Eco-systems shows a view open to network in relation to economic and social actors, where each organization can be considered as an actor because it is actively committed in the value co-creation development, going beyond the difference between the user, the producer, or the exchange facilitator. Therefore, the contribution proposes some progresses compared with the business to business （B2B） approach and literature, through the introduction of the new A2A interaction concept within the service context for the indistinct role that the actors play in the value co-creation process. In this perspective, the contribution introduces the research line focused on the service, giving attention, afterwards, to the service system context, in order to analyse the features of these systems with the specific goal of identifying its peculiarity. The contribution proceed with the presentation of the systems thinking, and in particular the VSA contribution, directed toward the description of the gaps that the authors identify in the present research attempting to offer some orientations for the comprehension and the improvement of the service systems and of their planning and management implications. The contribution finally proposes an integrated interpretation of the several emerging paradigms （VSA, SS and S-D logic） seeking an in-depth-analysis of the A2A relationships in the service contexts.
文摘In view of current situation of high repeated abortion rate in China, the Chinese Women＇ s Development Foundation, the Family Planning Branch of Chinese Medical Association and the National Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute mutually sponsor the ＂Caring Her Care after Abortion（abbreviated as PAC） Public Welfare Project＂ , aiming at establishing PAC excellence service model outpatient service, regulating the female care service process after abortion, promoting contraception knowledge, strengthening the immediate contraception consciousness after abortion, implementing effective contraception measures and guiding females how to adhere to the correct usage after abortion, so as to improve the female reproductive health level.
文摘Purpose： The purpose of the study was to ascertain the relationship between efficient medical services and Nigerian undergraduates＇ participation in sports. Methods and Materials： A randomly sampled population of 280 students and 12 managerial staff of sport and medical units participated in the descriptive study. Responses to a validated questionnaire provided the source of data. A test-retest reliability coefficient （r） = 0.80. Data were analyzed with simple percentages and Chi-square at 〈 0.05 alpha level. Results： All the respondents in medical centre and sport unit oriented the students on the available medical services and facilities on campus： availability of first aid services, treatment services for complicated injuries （inpatient）, referral services for specialized care, financial support during hospitalization. Complementary results from the students showed that the majority of the respondents （50%） strongly agreed that medical centre was available in the Campus, and 36% strongly affirmed to availability of first aid services. Thirty four percent of the respondents strongly agreed to the availability of treatment services, while 40% of the respondent agreed to the availability of free medical services. The study revealed that there was a significant relationship between efficient medical services and students＇ participation in sports. Conclusion： All medical services were available but students perceive the services as inefficient which implies poor or non utilization.
文摘Abstract： This study discusses the benefits of establishing a broader discipline of water science, based on the organizing mechanism of PES-W （payments for ecosystem services on the watershed scale）. PES-W is derived from an extension of governance analyses of 163 watershed-based PES （payments for ecosystem services） programs, and from the integrative decision mechanism of IPES （integrated payments for ecosystem services） to generalize the PES approach. PES-W reflects three interrelated perspectives fundamental to the global science of integrated water governance： （1） the ecological and economic perspective to integrate human incentives for integrated water resources governance; （2） the sociological and ecological perspective to form partnerships for meta-monitoring and recta-funding for integrated watershed governance; and （3） the scientific and sociological perspective to develop organizing botmdaries based on technology, lifestyle, entrepreneurship and organizing infrastructure for integrated aquatic ecosystem governance. This study is intended to communicate with the international scientific communities for establishing an advanced, academic, and practical multidisciplinary field of the global science of integrated water governance as a critical condition for sustainable development in human societies.
