[目的]探究山东省不同气候分区年降水量的时空特征,为该地区气候分析、防灾减灾提供更加区域性的参考依据。[方法]根据山东省95个国家地面气象观测站1991—2020年降水年值数据,首先对山东省年降水场进行气候分区,然后通过相关统计方法...[目的]探究山东省不同气候分区年降水量的时空特征,为该地区气候分析、防灾减灾提供更加区域性的参考依据。[方法]根据山东省95个国家地面气象观测站1991—2020年降水年值数据,首先对山东省年降水场进行气候分区,然后通过相关统计方法分析各分区降水的时空变化特征。[结果](1)山东省各降水模态降水偏少的年份更多,降水偏多的年份降水强度更大,年代际变化均较为明显,但各模态降水偏多偏少的年份分布及强度变化有所不同。(2)山东省年降水量大致由东南向西北递减,年降水场划分为东南沿海区(Ⅰ区)、西北平原区(Ⅱ区)和中部山地区(Ⅲ区)3个区域,各降水分区年降水均呈不显著增加趋势,趋势率各不相同,突变均不明显。(3)山东省各降水分区年降水量均具有较为明显的周期性特征,东南沿海区年降水场存在2个较为明显的能量中心,中心尺度均为2~3 a,未来变化具有强持续性;西北平原区年降水场存在3个较为明显的能量中心,中心尺度分别为5~7 a, 3 a和2~3 a,未来变化具有持续性;中部山地区年降水场存在2个较为明显的能量中心,中心尺度分别为2~3 a, 6 a,未来变化具有强持续性。[结论]山东省降水偏少的年份更多,降水偏多的年份降水强度更大,年降水场大致可分为3个分区,各分区年降水量均呈不显著增加趋势,均具有较为明显的周期性特征,且未来变化均具有持续性。展开更多
制备的相似材料以水泥和石膏为胶结材料、石英砂和重晶石粉为骨料,将骨胶比、水膏比和重晶石粉比作为控制因素,设计正交试验,对制作出的相似材料进行称重和单轴抗压强度测试,得到了不同配比下相似材料的密度、单轴抗压强度和弹性模量。...制备的相似材料以水泥和石膏为胶结材料、石英砂和重晶石粉为骨料,将骨胶比、水膏比和重晶石粉比作为控制因素,设计正交试验,对制作出的相似材料进行称重和单轴抗压强度测试,得到了不同配比下相似材料的密度、单轴抗压强度和弹性模量。采用极差分析法分析了各因素的敏感性,研究了骨胶比、水膏比以及重晶石粉比对相似材料物理参数的影响规律。研究表明:随着骨料的比例增大,试件的密度逐渐减小;密度随水泥的比例和重晶石粉比例的增大而增大,重晶石粉比的增大幅度更大。随着骨料的比例变大,试件的抗压强度和弹性模量减小,特别是当骨胶比从5:1变为6:1时,试件的抗压强度和弹性模量大幅度减小;随着水泥的比例和重晶石粉比的增大,试件的抗压强度和弹性模量逐渐增大。The prepared similar materials were made with cement and gypsum as the binding agents, quartz sand and barite powder as the aggregate, with the bone-to-cement ratio, water-to-gypsum ratio, and barite powder ratio as controlled factors. A factorial experiment was designed, and the weight and uniaxial compressive strength of the prepared similar materials were tested. The density, uniaxial compressive strength, and modulus of elasticity of the similar materials were obtained at different ratios. The sensitivity of each factor was analyzed using the range analysis method, and the influence of the bone-to-cement ratio, water-to-gypsum ratio, and barite powder ratio on the physical parameters of the similar materials was studied. The results show that as the aggregate ratio increases, the density of the specimens decreases;the density increases as the ratio of cement and barite powder increases, and the increase in the ratio of barite powder is more significant. As the aggregate ratio increases, the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of the specimens decrease, especially when the bone-to-cement ratio changes from 5:1 to 6:1, the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of the specimens decrease significantly. As the ratio of cement and barite powder increases, the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of the specimens increase gradually.展开更多
文摘[目的]探究山东省不同气候分区年降水量的时空特征,为该地区气候分析、防灾减灾提供更加区域性的参考依据。[方法]根据山东省95个国家地面气象观测站1991—2020年降水年值数据,首先对山东省年降水场进行气候分区,然后通过相关统计方法分析各分区降水的时空变化特征。[结果](1)山东省各降水模态降水偏少的年份更多,降水偏多的年份降水强度更大,年代际变化均较为明显,但各模态降水偏多偏少的年份分布及强度变化有所不同。(2)山东省年降水量大致由东南向西北递减,年降水场划分为东南沿海区(Ⅰ区)、西北平原区(Ⅱ区)和中部山地区(Ⅲ区)3个区域,各降水分区年降水均呈不显著增加趋势,趋势率各不相同,突变均不明显。(3)山东省各降水分区年降水量均具有较为明显的周期性特征,东南沿海区年降水场存在2个较为明显的能量中心,中心尺度均为2~3 a,未来变化具有强持续性;西北平原区年降水场存在3个较为明显的能量中心,中心尺度分别为5~7 a, 3 a和2~3 a,未来变化具有持续性;中部山地区年降水场存在2个较为明显的能量中心,中心尺度分别为2~3 a, 6 a,未来变化具有强持续性。[结论]山东省降水偏少的年份更多,降水偏多的年份降水强度更大,年降水场大致可分为3个分区,各分区年降水量均呈不显著增加趋势,均具有较为明显的周期性特征,且未来变化均具有持续性。
文摘制备的相似材料以水泥和石膏为胶结材料、石英砂和重晶石粉为骨料,将骨胶比、水膏比和重晶石粉比作为控制因素,设计正交试验,对制作出的相似材料进行称重和单轴抗压强度测试,得到了不同配比下相似材料的密度、单轴抗压强度和弹性模量。采用极差分析法分析了各因素的敏感性,研究了骨胶比、水膏比以及重晶石粉比对相似材料物理参数的影响规律。研究表明:随着骨料的比例增大,试件的密度逐渐减小;密度随水泥的比例和重晶石粉比例的增大而增大,重晶石粉比的增大幅度更大。随着骨料的比例变大,试件的抗压强度和弹性模量减小,特别是当骨胶比从5:1变为6:1时,试件的抗压强度和弹性模量大幅度减小;随着水泥的比例和重晶石粉比的增大,试件的抗压强度和弹性模量逐渐增大。The prepared similar materials were made with cement and gypsum as the binding agents, quartz sand and barite powder as the aggregate, with the bone-to-cement ratio, water-to-gypsum ratio, and barite powder ratio as controlled factors. A factorial experiment was designed, and the weight and uniaxial compressive strength of the prepared similar materials were tested. The density, uniaxial compressive strength, and modulus of elasticity of the similar materials were obtained at different ratios. The sensitivity of each factor was analyzed using the range analysis method, and the influence of the bone-to-cement ratio, water-to-gypsum ratio, and barite powder ratio on the physical parameters of the similar materials was studied. The results show that as the aggregate ratio increases, the density of the specimens decreases;the density increases as the ratio of cement and barite powder increases, and the increase in the ratio of barite powder is more significant. As the aggregate ratio increases, the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of the specimens decrease, especially when the bone-to-cement ratio changes from 5:1 to 6:1, the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of the specimens decrease significantly. As the ratio of cement and barite powder increases, the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of the specimens increase gradually.
