针对目前空管特情处置过程中案例记录利用不足的问题,提出了空管特情案例利用框架,并重点研究了其中的案例特征提取方法。基于TextRank算法提出了融合空管特情领域知识与数据分析的特情案例特征提取算法(Special Situation Case TextRan...针对目前空管特情处置过程中案例记录利用不足的问题,提出了空管特情案例利用框架,并重点研究了其中的案例特征提取方法。基于TextRank算法提出了融合空管特情领域知识与数据分析的特情案例特征提取算法(Special Situation Case TextRank,SSC TextRank)。所提方法利用空管特情领域知识构建领域词典,以提升分词效果,依据风险知识及文本数据分析结果,同时结合层次分析法赋权原理对文本中的特征词进行赋权,以优化各词的初始重要度以及词语重要度权重的计算方法。利用某地区空管局提供的2000年—2019年特情案例验证算法的有效性。结果表明:模型较传统自然语言处理中的关键词提取算法准确率提高了约40%,体现了所提方法在特情案例特征提取方面的有效性和优越性。展开更多
Human activities alter land use patterns and affect landscape sustainability. It is therefore very important to investigate the relationship between land use change and human activities. This study focuses on the dete...Human activities alter land use patterns and affect landscape sustainability. It is therefore very important to investigate the relationship between land use change and human activities. This study focuses on the detection of changing land use patterns in the Yanhe River Basin in northern Loess Plateau of China between 1995 and 2008. Landscape metrics were used to analyze the changing land use patterns and to explore the related anthropogenic driving forces. Results show that:1) Totally, 186 590 ha of croplands were converted into alternate land-use types (equivalent to 61.7% of the original cropland area). The majority of cropland areas were found to be converted into grassland and woodland areas (accounting for 55.9% and 4.9% respectively of the original cropland areas). 2) Both cropland and woodland demonstrated an increasing fragmentation tendency while grasslands showed a decreasing fragmentation tendency. 3) Multiple driving forces of land use change were thought to act together to changes in landscape metrics in the Yanhe River Basin. The anthropogenic driving forces were analyzed from four perspectives:ecological conservation policy, labor force transfer, industrial development, and rural settlement. The policy of the GfG (Grain for Green) project was the main driving factor which expedited the conversion from cropland to woodland and grassland. Industrial development was also found to affect land use change through the direct impact of economic activities such as oil exploration and agricultural production, or through indirect impacts such as the industrial structures readjustment. Labor force transfer from rural to urban areas was found to follow the industrial structure readjustment and further drove land use change from cropland to off-farm land use. Establishment of new tile-roofed houses instead of cave-type dwellings in rural settlements has helped to aggregate the original scattered land-use type of construction.展开更多
Protecting the historical heritage is a very important task because it makes up the identity of the society and the cities. Considering the future, the most important problem recently is how to protect the historical ...Protecting the historical heritage is a very important task because it makes up the identity of the society and the cities. Considering the future, the most important problem recently is how to protect the historical heritage, and how to benefit from it. And as an answer to this question, by benefiting from our cultural background, it is necessary to provide the contemporary requirements and to transfer this attitude to the future generations. Throughout the time, functions may change but old buildings may stay. This situation requires that the old buildings are open to a new contemporary uses. Nowadays, the variations in the functions loaded onto the places we live in are frequently put on the agenda due to the requirements which are continuously changed and developed by social and cultural effects. While faced with this kind of functional variations in order to protect the mean values, the scope of this study is described in a systematically manner as： （1） re-functioning process; （2） adaptation of the new function to the old building; and （3） design concept in the revalorization. The scope will be discussed with many implementations from Turkey and the cases are chosen from the Izmir city.展开更多
The agro-pastoral ecotone has been recognized as the main distribution area of reserved land resource for cultivation. Accordingly, clarifying this assumption, as well as concerting land reclamation and ecological res...The agro-pastoral ecotone has been recognized as the main distribution area of reserved land resource for cultivation. Accordingly, clarifying this assumption, as well as concerting land reclamation and ecological restoration, is important to ensure food security and environmental improvement in the agro-pastoral ecotone. We selected Horqin Left Back Banner(HLBB) as the subject of our case study. The landscape ecological security pattern of this area was determined using the minimum cumulative resistance model. Over-cultivation, quantity of reserved land resource for cultivation, and changes in landscape indexes before and after land use adjustment were then analyzed. Over-cultivation is a serious problem in the agro-pastoral ecotone. Reserved land resource for cultivation is less than that considered previously, and the area of reserved land resource for cultivation in HLBB only accounts for 11.50% of total uncultivated land. With regard to changes in landscape indexes, the adjusted land use pattern is effective for anti-desertification. The compensation standard for abandoned cultivated land should be improved and the comprehensive results of ‘Grain for Green' should be evaluated to further implement ecological restoration in the agro-pastoral ecotone.展开更多
In a developing country like Ghana, the study of land use and land cover change(LULCC) based on satellite imageries still remains a challenge due to cost, resolution and availability with less skilled man power. Exist...In a developing country like Ghana, the study of land use and land cover change(LULCC) based on satellite imageries still remains a challenge due to cost, resolution and availability with less skilled man power. Existing researches are skewed towards the southerly part of Ghana thereby leaving the Northern sectors uncovered. The maximum likelihood classification(MLC) algorithm was employed for the LULCC between 2000 and 2014 in Nadowli: an area characterized by an upsurge in mining in the Northern belt of Ghana. A spatial-social approach was utilized combining both satellite imagery and socio economic data. Land use transition matrix, land use integrated index/degree indices was used to depict the characters of the change. A semi structured interview, pair wise ranking and key informant interviews were used to correlate the socio economic impact of the different LULC. Overall changes in the landscape showed an increase in bare ground by 19.22%, open savannah by 16.8% whereas closed savanna decreased by 50%. Land use change matrix showed increasing trends of bare ground at the expense of vegetation. The integrated land use index highlighted the bare ground and built up areas rising with a decreasing closed vegetation woodlot. Large farm size are shrinking whiles majority of the people view mining as the main socio economic activity affecting the environment and the reduction in vegetation. This study therefore provides a strategic guide and a baseline data for land use policy actors in the Northern belt of Ghana. This will aid in developing models for future land use change implications in surrounding areas where mining is on the rise.展开更多
Since the turn of the 21st century, the central government in Zimbabwe encouraged community participation in natural resources utilization. The research intends to understand the efficacy of this paradigm shift on sus...Since the turn of the 21st century, the central government in Zimbabwe encouraged community participation in natural resources utilization. The research intends to understand the efficacy of this paradigm shift on sustainable wetland utilization in communal areas, focusing specifically on Chebvute wetland in Zvishavane district of Zimbabwe. Research data was gathered through questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, direct observations and field measurements. These instruments targeted 19 purposively selected plot holders, project chairperson, Environmental Management Agency officer, Agritex officer and the headman. Mapping of the wetland area and its landuse was done using global positioning system receivers and the map was produced using ILWIS, ArcView and Google Earth images. Research findings revealed that the conserved wetland increased its size and biodiversity. Generally, all crops grown had estimated yields higher than the national averages per hectare. The average maize yield was 2.726 tonnes per hectare compared to national average of 0.87. However, conflicts between plot holders, other community members and officials from government institutions such as Environmental Management Agency and Agritex should be ironed out in order to safeguard the wetland＇s future.展开更多
Development and sustainability are the core connotation of sustainable development. Sustainability of economic development and the provision capability of resources and environment are two aspects of sustainable devel...Development and sustainability are the core connotation of sustainable development. Sustainability of economic development and the provision capability of resources and environment are two aspects of sustainable development. The former ones are the foundation of the latter ones. Industrial structure has a close relationship with sustainable development. The optimization of industrial structure is the important base for the sustainable development of modern economy and also the important ways of the sustainable utilization of resources and environment. The intensive growth effect of industrial structure change has the meaning of sustainable development. This paper reviews and explains the theory on the contribution of industrial structure change to sustainable development, builds the calculation model through introducing the coeff icient of industrial structure change, makes an empirical study on the contribution of industrial structure change to sustainable development in Fujian, and puts forward ways and policies of optimizing industrial structure both among industries and inside the industry in the process of industrial structure change.展开更多
During the last 20 years, land use in Kuwait was remarkably changed in various forms. Such changes resulted in positively constructive, as well as, adversely destructive impacts on the local environment and ecology. I...During the last 20 years, land use in Kuwait was remarkably changed in various forms. Such changes resulted in positively constructive, as well as, adversely destructive impacts on the local environment and ecology. In 1993-1994, a buffer zone of 15 km wide and more than 200 km long was established between Iraq and Kuwait. This allowed the restoration of biodiversity, enhancement of ecological conditions and stabilization of fragile soils. In 1991, long bund walls were constructed along the Saudi-Kuwaiti borders by Saudi Arabia and in 1993-1994, a ground trench was dug along the Iraqi-Kuwaiti borders by Kuwait. Bund walls are piles of excavated soils, 2-3 m high, 3-5 m wide and several tens of kilometers length. Constructing 1 km length of a bund wall required 2,500-3,000 m3 （1,000 m length x 5 m average width x 0.5 m depth） amount of soil, which disturbed a groundcover strip of an average area of 10,000 m2 （1,000 m length x 10 m average width）. Border trenches are ground hollows 2-3 m deep, 3-5 m wide and 220 km long. The amount of excavated soil from digging 1 km long trench ranged from 6,000-8,000 m3. Field work indicated that 1 km long of trench had disturbed a groundcover of an average area of 12,000 m2 （1,000 m length ~ 12 m average width）. Such man-induced land features are closely related to land degradation processes, as they were of adverse environmental impacts on soil, surface hydrologic conditions and natural vegetation. The main objective of this study is to assess the immediate and long term impacts of the introduced land use forms in selected areas in Kuwait, such as Wadi AI Batin （Western part of Kuwait）. To achieve such an objective, intensive field program was designed and implemented and the collected data and available information were analyzed and interpreted.展开更多
The aim of this paper is the analysis of methodology for selecting the best model for forecasting of fuelwood demand in Greece for the years 2020, 2025 and 2030 with a final objective the decision-making in the sector...The aim of this paper is the analysis of methodology for selecting the best model for forecasting of fuelwood demand in Greece for the years 2020, 2025 and 2030 with a final objective the decision-making in the sector of forest bioenergy. A complete time series of historical data exists that concerns： （a） the consumption of fuelwood and （b） the six most important from the independent variables that could influence the consumption of fuelwood, whose data cover the time period 1989-2010. The evaluation and choice of the best model was realized with the help of the following six statistical criteria： （a） the size of standard error of theoretical values of dependant variable, S. E.; （b） the value of adjusted R square （R2）; （c） the non-existence of autocorrelation among the residuals （ei） through the criterion Durbin-Watson; （d） the statistical significance of models coefficients through t criterion; （e） the statistical significance of models through F criterion and （f） the non-existence of multicolinearity through the values of Variance Inflation Factor.展开更多
文摘针对目前空管特情处置过程中案例记录利用不足的问题,提出了空管特情案例利用框架,并重点研究了其中的案例特征提取方法。基于TextRank算法提出了融合空管特情领域知识与数据分析的特情案例特征提取算法(Special Situation Case TextRank,SSC TextRank)。所提方法利用空管特情领域知识构建领域词典,以提升分词效果,依据风险知识及文本数据分析结果,同时结合层次分析法赋权原理对文本中的特征词进行赋权,以优化各词的初始重要度以及词语重要度权重的计算方法。利用某地区空管局提供的2000年—2019年特情案例验证算法的有效性。结果表明:模型较传统自然语言处理中的关键词提取算法准确率提高了约40%,体现了所提方法在特情案例特征提取方面的有效性和优越性。
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40930528)State Forestry Administration of China(No.201004058)External Cooperation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.29GJHZ0948)
文摘Human activities alter land use patterns and affect landscape sustainability. It is therefore very important to investigate the relationship between land use change and human activities. This study focuses on the detection of changing land use patterns in the Yanhe River Basin in northern Loess Plateau of China between 1995 and 2008. Landscape metrics were used to analyze the changing land use patterns and to explore the related anthropogenic driving forces. Results show that:1) Totally, 186 590 ha of croplands were converted into alternate land-use types (equivalent to 61.7% of the original cropland area). The majority of cropland areas were found to be converted into grassland and woodland areas (accounting for 55.9% and 4.9% respectively of the original cropland areas). 2) Both cropland and woodland demonstrated an increasing fragmentation tendency while grasslands showed a decreasing fragmentation tendency. 3) Multiple driving forces of land use change were thought to act together to changes in landscape metrics in the Yanhe River Basin. The anthropogenic driving forces were analyzed from four perspectives:ecological conservation policy, labor force transfer, industrial development, and rural settlement. The policy of the GfG (Grain for Green) project was the main driving factor which expedited the conversion from cropland to woodland and grassland. Industrial development was also found to affect land use change through the direct impact of economic activities such as oil exploration and agricultural production, or through indirect impacts such as the industrial structures readjustment. Labor force transfer from rural to urban areas was found to follow the industrial structure readjustment and further drove land use change from cropland to off-farm land use. Establishment of new tile-roofed houses instead of cave-type dwellings in rural settlements has helped to aggregate the original scattered land-use type of construction.
文摘Protecting the historical heritage is a very important task because it makes up the identity of the society and the cities. Considering the future, the most important problem recently is how to protect the historical heritage, and how to benefit from it. And as an answer to this question, by benefiting from our cultural background, it is necessary to provide the contemporary requirements and to transfer this attitude to the future generations. Throughout the time, functions may change but old buildings may stay. This situation requires that the old buildings are open to a new contemporary uses. Nowadays, the variations in the functions loaded onto the places we live in are frequently put on the agenda due to the requirements which are continuously changed and developed by social and cultural effects. While faced with this kind of functional variations in order to protect the mean values, the scope of this study is described in a systematically manner as： （1） re-functioning process; （2） adaptation of the new function to the old building; and （3） design concept in the revalorization. The scope will be discussed with many implementations from Turkey and the cases are chosen from the Izmir city.
基金Foundation item:Under the auspices of the Special Scientific Research of the Ministry of Land and Resources of China(No.201411009)
文摘The agro-pastoral ecotone has been recognized as the main distribution area of reserved land resource for cultivation. Accordingly, clarifying this assumption, as well as concerting land reclamation and ecological restoration, is important to ensure food security and environmental improvement in the agro-pastoral ecotone. We selected Horqin Left Back Banner(HLBB) as the subject of our case study. The landscape ecological security pattern of this area was determined using the minimum cumulative resistance model. Over-cultivation, quantity of reserved land resource for cultivation, and changes in landscape indexes before and after land use adjustment were then analyzed. Over-cultivation is a serious problem in the agro-pastoral ecotone. Reserved land resource for cultivation is less than that considered previously, and the area of reserved land resource for cultivation in HLBB only accounts for 11.50% of total uncultivated land. With regard to changes in landscape indexes, the adjusted land use pattern is effective for anti-desertification. The compensation standard for abandoned cultivated land should be improved and the comprehensive results of ‘Grain for Green' should be evaluated to further implement ecological restoration in the agro-pastoral ecotone.
基金self-supported as part of the Ph D Program on CSC scholarship in the China University of Geosciences (Wuhan)
文摘In a developing country like Ghana, the study of land use and land cover change(LULCC) based on satellite imageries still remains a challenge due to cost, resolution and availability with less skilled man power. Existing researches are skewed towards the southerly part of Ghana thereby leaving the Northern sectors uncovered. The maximum likelihood classification(MLC) algorithm was employed for the LULCC between 2000 and 2014 in Nadowli: an area characterized by an upsurge in mining in the Northern belt of Ghana. A spatial-social approach was utilized combining both satellite imagery and socio economic data. Land use transition matrix, land use integrated index/degree indices was used to depict the characters of the change. A semi structured interview, pair wise ranking and key informant interviews were used to correlate the socio economic impact of the different LULC. Overall changes in the landscape showed an increase in bare ground by 19.22%, open savannah by 16.8% whereas closed savanna decreased by 50%. Land use change matrix showed increasing trends of bare ground at the expense of vegetation. The integrated land use index highlighted the bare ground and built up areas rising with a decreasing closed vegetation woodlot. Large farm size are shrinking whiles majority of the people view mining as the main socio economic activity affecting the environment and the reduction in vegetation. This study therefore provides a strategic guide and a baseline data for land use policy actors in the Northern belt of Ghana. This will aid in developing models for future land use change implications in surrounding areas where mining is on the rise.
文摘Since the turn of the 21st century, the central government in Zimbabwe encouraged community participation in natural resources utilization. The research intends to understand the efficacy of this paradigm shift on sustainable wetland utilization in communal areas, focusing specifically on Chebvute wetland in Zvishavane district of Zimbabwe. Research data was gathered through questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, direct observations and field measurements. These instruments targeted 19 purposively selected plot holders, project chairperson, Environmental Management Agency officer, Agritex officer and the headman. Mapping of the wetland area and its landuse was done using global positioning system receivers and the map was produced using ILWIS, ArcView and Google Earth images. Research findings revealed that the conserved wetland increased its size and biodiversity. Generally, all crops grown had estimated yields higher than the national averages per hectare. The average maize yield was 2.726 tonnes per hectare compared to national average of 0.87. However, conflicts between plot holders, other community members and officials from government institutions such as Environmental Management Agency and Agritex should be ironed out in order to safeguard the wetland＇s future.
文摘Development and sustainability are the core connotation of sustainable development. Sustainability of economic development and the provision capability of resources and environment are two aspects of sustainable development. The former ones are the foundation of the latter ones. Industrial structure has a close relationship with sustainable development. The optimization of industrial structure is the important base for the sustainable development of modern economy and also the important ways of the sustainable utilization of resources and environment. The intensive growth effect of industrial structure change has the meaning of sustainable development. This paper reviews and explains the theory on the contribution of industrial structure change to sustainable development, builds the calculation model through introducing the coeff icient of industrial structure change, makes an empirical study on the contribution of industrial structure change to sustainable development in Fujian, and puts forward ways and policies of optimizing industrial structure both among industries and inside the industry in the process of industrial structure change.
文摘During the last 20 years, land use in Kuwait was remarkably changed in various forms. Such changes resulted in positively constructive, as well as, adversely destructive impacts on the local environment and ecology. In 1993-1994, a buffer zone of 15 km wide and more than 200 km long was established between Iraq and Kuwait. This allowed the restoration of biodiversity, enhancement of ecological conditions and stabilization of fragile soils. In 1991, long bund walls were constructed along the Saudi-Kuwaiti borders by Saudi Arabia and in 1993-1994, a ground trench was dug along the Iraqi-Kuwaiti borders by Kuwait. Bund walls are piles of excavated soils, 2-3 m high, 3-5 m wide and several tens of kilometers length. Constructing 1 km length of a bund wall required 2,500-3,000 m3 （1,000 m length x 5 m average width x 0.5 m depth） amount of soil, which disturbed a groundcover strip of an average area of 10,000 m2 （1,000 m length x 10 m average width）. Border trenches are ground hollows 2-3 m deep, 3-5 m wide and 220 km long. The amount of excavated soil from digging 1 km long trench ranged from 6,000-8,000 m3. Field work indicated that 1 km long of trench had disturbed a groundcover of an average area of 12,000 m2 （1,000 m length ~ 12 m average width）. Such man-induced land features are closely related to land degradation processes, as they were of adverse environmental impacts on soil, surface hydrologic conditions and natural vegetation. The main objective of this study is to assess the immediate and long term impacts of the introduced land use forms in selected areas in Kuwait, such as Wadi AI Batin （Western part of Kuwait）. To achieve such an objective, intensive field program was designed and implemented and the collected data and available information were analyzed and interpreted.
文摘The aim of this paper is the analysis of methodology for selecting the best model for forecasting of fuelwood demand in Greece for the years 2020, 2025 and 2030 with a final objective the decision-making in the sector of forest bioenergy. A complete time series of historical data exists that concerns： （a） the consumption of fuelwood and （b） the six most important from the independent variables that could influence the consumption of fuelwood, whose data cover the time period 1989-2010. The evaluation and choice of the best model was realized with the help of the following six statistical criteria： （a） the size of standard error of theoretical values of dependant variable, S. E.; （b） the value of adjusted R square （R2）; （c） the non-existence of autocorrelation among the residuals （ei） through the criterion Durbin-Watson; （d） the statistical significance of models coefficients through t criterion; （e） the statistical significance of models through F criterion and （f） the non-existence of multicolinearity through the values of Variance Inflation Factor.
