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植物复杂基因组与泛基因组研究现状与展望 被引量:1
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作者 王英豪 余嘉鑫 +1 位作者 唐海宝 张兴坦 《中国科学:生命科学》 CSCD 北大核心 2024年第2期233-246,共14页
基因组是指一个生物体内遗传物质的总和,是生物学研究的关键之一.自2000年拟南芥基因组被测序发表以来,已有超过800个植物基因组相继被破解,极大促进了植物分子生物学、遗传学等领域的发展.即便如此,植物基因组学研究仍然面临一系列挑战... 基因组是指一个生物体内遗传物质的总和,是生物学研究的关键之一.自2000年拟南芥基因组被测序发表以来,已有超过800个植物基因组相继被破解,极大促进了植物分子生物学、遗传学等领域的发展.即便如此,植物基因组学研究仍然面临一系列挑战,包括高杂合、高重复度、高倍性等复杂基因组的组装和泛基因组的构建等.本文从植物基因组学的发展概况、基因组测序技术、组装算法等三个方面,全面展示了植物基因组的快速发展.其中,介绍了简单基因组装和复杂基因组装的相关策略,总结了“端粒到端粒”(telomere-to-telomere或称T2T)的组装和泛基因组构建方法以及其重要性.最后,对未来植物基因组的发展进行了展望,认为随着技术的不断进步,基因组解析技术和方法将会更加完善,为植物基因组的深入研究提供更多支持.本文为植物T2T、复杂基因组组装和泛基因组的构建方法研究提供了参考依据. 展开更多
关键词 植物基因组 测序技术 组装算法 植物复杂基因组 植物基因组
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The Distribution of Repetitive DNAs Along Chromosomes in Plants Revealed by Self-genomic in situ Hybridization 被引量:4
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作者 佘朝文 刘静宇 +2 位作者 刁英 胡中立 宋运淳 《Journal of Genetics and Genomics》 SCIE CAS CSCD 北大核心 2007年第5期437-448,共12页
The distribution of repetitive DNAs along chromosomes is one of the crucial elements for understanding the organization and the evolution of plant genomes. Using a modified genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) proce... The distribution of repetitive DNAs along chromosomes is one of the crucial elements for understanding the organization and the evolution of plant genomes. Using a modified genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) procedure, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with genomic DNA to their own chromosomes (called self-genomic in situ hybridization, self-GISH) was carried out in six selected plant species with different genome size and amount of repetitive DNA. Nonuniform distribution of the fluorescent labeled probe DNA was observed on the chromosomes of all the species that were tested. The signal patterns varied among species and were related to the genome size. The chromosomes of the small Arabidopsis genome were labeled almost only in the pericentromeric regions and the nucleolus organizer regions (NORs). The signals in the relatively small genomes, rice, sorghum, and Brassica oleracea var. capitata L., were dispersed along the chromosome lengths, with a predominant distribution in the pericentromeric or proximal regions and some heterochromatic arms. All chromosomes of the large genomes, maize and barley, were densely labeled with strongly labeled regions and weakly labeled or unlabeled regions being arranged alternatively throughout the lengths. In addition, enhanced signal bands were shown in all pericentromeres and the NORs in B. oleracea var. capitata, and in all pericentromeric regions and certain intercalary sites in barley. The enhanced signal band pattern in barley was found consistent with the N-banding pattern of this species. The GISH with self-genomic DNA was compared with FISH with Cot-1 DNA in rice, and their signal patterns are found to be basically consistent. Our results showed that the self-GISH signals actually reflected the hybridization of genomic repetitive DNAs to the chromosomes, thus the self-GISH technique would be useful for revealing the distribution of the regions where repetitive DNAs concentrate along chromosomes and some chromatin differentiation associated with repetitive DNAs in plants. 展开更多
关键词 self-genomic in situ hybridization (self-GISH) plant genome repetitive DNA chromatin differentiation genome organization
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