Some polarity terms of two groups of nitrogen-containing surfactants （six alkanolamides and nine polyoxyethylenated long chain amines） are measured through gas chromatography. The apparent methanol carbon number (CM...Some polarity terms of two groups of nitrogen-containing surfactants （six alkanolamides and nine polyoxyethylenated long chain amines） are measured through gas chromatography. The apparent methanol carbon number (CMeOH) and polarity index （IP） values are determined on the investigated surfactants as stationary phases in packed columns. Similarly, CMeOH and IP values are determined on simulated hydrophobic tail （SHT） models. The obtained results reveal that the introduction of SHT approach permits the distinction between the polarities of different surfactants and their head groups. The measured polarity terms are discussed as related to hydrophile-lipophile balance （HLB） number and the hydrophobic group carbon number （RCN）. Some equations relating the measured polarity values and these variable have been developed.展开更多
According to the preliminary concept of the high-level radioactive waste(HLW) repository in China,a large-scale mock-up facility,named China-Mock-Up was constructed in the laboratory of Beijing Research Institute of U...According to the preliminary concept of the high-level radioactive waste(HLW) repository in China,a large-scale mock-up facility,named China-Mock-Up was constructed in the laboratory of Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology(BRIUG).A heater,which simulates a container of radioactive waste,is placed inside the compacted Gaomiaozi(CMZ)-Na-bentonite blocks and pellets.Water inflow through the barrier from its outer surface is used to simulate the intake of groundwater.The numbers of water injection pipes,injection pressure and the insulation layer were determined based on the numerical modeling simulations.The current experimental data of the facility are herein analyzed.The experiment is intended to evaluate the thermo-hydro-mechano-chemical(THMC) processes occurring in the compacted bentonite-buffer during the early stage of HLW disposal and to provide a reliable database for numerical modeling and further investigation of engineered barrier system(EBS),and the design of HLW repository.展开更多
In this paper, we report a method by which the ion quantity is estimated rapidly with an accuracy of 4%. This finding is based on the low-temperature ion density theory and combined with the ion crystal size obtained ...In this paper, we report a method by which the ion quantity is estimated rapidly with an accuracy of 4%. This finding is based on the low-temperature ion density theory and combined with the ion crystal size obtained from experiment with the precision of a micrometer. The method is objective, straightforward, and independent of the molecular dynamics(MD)simulation. The result can be used as the reference for the MD simulation, and the method can improve the reliability and precision of MD simulation. This method is very helpful for intensively studying ion crystal, such as phase transition,spatial configuration, temporal evolution, dynamic character, cooling efficiency, and the temperature limit of the ions.展开更多
在全髋关节置换术中，假体一骨界面处的微动影响着假体的长期生存率。通常使用固定在假体和骨骼上的传感器来对这些微动进行测定，这些传感器一般位于远离界面的位置。由于假体一骨系统并非刚性，所以这种做法可能产生误差。虽然对上述...在全髋关节置换术中，假体一骨界面处的微动影响着假体的长期生存率。通常使用固定在假体和骨骼上的传感器来对这些微动进行测定，这些传感器一般位于远离界面的位置。由于假体一骨系统并非刚性，所以这种做法可能产生误差。虽然对上述误差的具体数值无法通过目前的试验进行评估，但可以通过有限元分析法（finite element method，FEM）进行研究。界面上的实际微动与试验条件下测得的微动并不一致，针对这一假设，使用特定的（已得到验证的偏转实验）有限元模型进行检验。采用有限元模型模拟出一个“试验”方法来对微动进行测量。通过模拟测定点之间的距离来实现这一“试验”方法；假体的测定点选在界面上，而骨的测定点则选在骨的外表面上。结果显示：使用界面上的点和使用远距离的参照点进行计算时，获得的微动结果之间没有相关性。此外，采用后一种方法计算得到的微动明显更大。缩短参照点之间的距离，则误差减小，但相关性不变。如使用距实际界面尚有一段距离的骨性参照点的微动测定系统，则必须谨慎解读结果。展开更多
文摘Some polarity terms of two groups of nitrogen-containing surfactants （six alkanolamides and nine polyoxyethylenated long chain amines） are measured through gas chromatography. The apparent methanol carbon number (CMeOH) and polarity index （IP） values are determined on the investigated surfactants as stationary phases in packed columns. Similarly, CMeOH and IP values are determined on simulated hydrophobic tail （SHT） models. The obtained results reveal that the introduction of SHT approach permits the distinction between the polarities of different surfactants and their head groups. The measured polarity terms are discussed as related to hydrophile-lipophile balance （HLB） number and the hydrophobic group carbon number （RCN）. Some equations relating the measured polarity values and these variable have been developed.
文摘According to the preliminary concept of the high-level radioactive waste(HLW) repository in China,a large-scale mock-up facility,named China-Mock-Up was constructed in the laboratory of Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology(BRIUG).A heater,which simulates a container of radioactive waste,is placed inside the compacted Gaomiaozi(CMZ)-Na-bentonite blocks and pellets.Water inflow through the barrier from its outer surface is used to simulate the intake of groundwater.The numbers of water injection pipes,injection pressure and the insulation layer were determined based on the numerical modeling simulations.The current experimental data of the facility are herein analyzed.The experiment is intended to evaluate the thermo-hydro-mechano-chemical(THMC) processes occurring in the compacted bentonite-buffer during the early stage of HLW disposal and to provide a reliable database for numerical modeling and further investigation of engineered barrier system(EBS),and the design of HLW repository.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant Nos.2012CB821301 and 2010CB832803)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11004222 and 91121016)the Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘In this paper, we report a method by which the ion quantity is estimated rapidly with an accuracy of 4%. This finding is based on the low-temperature ion density theory and combined with the ion crystal size obtained from experiment with the precision of a micrometer. The method is objective, straightforward, and independent of the molecular dynamics(MD)simulation. The result can be used as the reference for the MD simulation, and the method can improve the reliability and precision of MD simulation. This method is very helpful for intensively studying ion crystal, such as phase transition,spatial configuration, temporal evolution, dynamic character, cooling efficiency, and the temperature limit of the ions.
文摘在全髋关节置换术中，假体一骨界面处的微动影响着假体的长期生存率。通常使用固定在假体和骨骼上的传感器来对这些微动进行测定，这些传感器一般位于远离界面的位置。由于假体一骨系统并非刚性，所以这种做法可能产生误差。虽然对上述误差的具体数值无法通过目前的试验进行评估，但可以通过有限元分析法（finite element method，FEM）进行研究。界面上的实际微动与试验条件下测得的微动并不一致，针对这一假设，使用特定的（已得到验证的偏转实验）有限元模型进行检验。采用有限元模型模拟出一个“试验”方法来对微动进行测量。通过模拟测定点之间的距离来实现这一“试验”方法；假体的测定点选在界面上，而骨的测定点则选在骨的外表面上。结果显示：使用界面上的点和使用远距离的参照点进行计算时，获得的微动结果之间没有相关性。此外，采用后一种方法计算得到的微动明显更大。缩短参照点之间的距离，则误差减小，但相关性不变。如使用距实际界面尚有一段距离的骨性参照点的微动测定系统，则必须谨慎解读结果。
