向无源网络供电的模块化多电平换流器型高压直流输电(modular multilevel converter based HVDC,MMC-HVDC)系统是柔性直流输电技术的一个重要应用领域,因此有必要对其控制与保护策略进行研究。基于MMC电磁暂态数学模型,建立了d-q同步旋...向无源网络供电的模块化多电平换流器型高压直流输电(modular multilevel converter based HVDC,MMC-HVDC)系统是柔性直流输电技术的一个重要应用领域,因此有必要对其控制与保护策略进行研究。基于MMC电磁暂态数学模型,建立了d-q同步旋转坐标系下MMC欧拉?拉格朗日(Euler-Lagrange,EL)数学模型,推导了适于MMC控制的无源控制规律,设计了内环电流无源控制器及向无源网络供电的MMC-HVDC系统定交流电压控制器。针对电网电压不平衡或交流系统不对称故障引起的负序电流,提出了基于EL模型的正负序电流无源控制器。为保证故障时系统能满足安全运行的条件,提出了故障时的控制保护策略。最后在PSCAD/EMTDC中对MMC-HVDC系统各种运行工况进行了仿真验证,并对正负序无源控制器和矢量控制器的控制性能做了仿真对比,仿真结果表明,所提出的控制器和控制保护策略具有良好的动稳态控制性能,便于工程实际应用。展开更多
Mixing problems are most likely encountered and sometimes can be severe in scaling-up projects. Micro-mixing is an important aspect for fast or quasi-instantaneous reactions. Poor micro-mixing might produce more undes...Mixing problems are most likely encountered and sometimes can be severe in scaling-up projects. Micro-mixing is an important aspect for fast or quasi-instantaneous reactions. Poor micro-mixing might produce more undesired by-products, leading to higher purification costs. This paper gives an extensive review and analysis of micro-mixing studies in single- and multi phase stirred tanks. The relevant experiment techniques, micro-mixing models and nurherical approaches are critically reviewed and analyzed with remarks and perspectives. The reported studies on two-phase micro-mixing experiments and on the impact of the presence of the dispersed phases on turbulence have been limited to a narrow range of conditions. More importantly, disparities widely exist among different reports. Both Lagrangian and Eulerian models are based on oversimplified assumptions, which may lead to uncertainties or even unrealistic results. A heuristic model, which is from the perspective of CFD （computational fluid dynamics） and can cover the whole spectrum of scales and also focus on every subrocess, is desired in the future.展开更多
针对基于欧拉-拉格朗日(Euler-Lagrange,EL)模型的有源电力滤波器(active power fil-ter,APF)无源控制方法在受到数学模型不精确、系统参数摄动等干扰情况下稳态跟踪精度欠佳的问题,根据APF的基本原理,对基于EL模型的APF无源性控制规律...针对基于欧拉-拉格朗日(Euler-Lagrange,EL)模型的有源电力滤波器(active power fil-ter,APF)无源控制方法在受到数学模型不精确、系统参数摄动等干扰情况下稳态跟踪精度欠佳的问题,根据APF的基本原理,对基于EL模型的APF无源性控制规律进行数学推导表明:依靠系统自然阻尼收敛的APF无源性控制律相当于引入前馈和解耦的开环控制方法;向系统注入阻尼的APF无源控制规律相当于在引入前馈和解耦的开环控制基础上加入了比例反馈控制,因此无法实现对期望平衡点的无静差跟踪和系统中"死区效应"等周期性干扰的抑制。为了提高APF无源控制的稳态跟踪精度,提出利用重复控制补偿的APF无源性控制方案。仿真和实验表明所提方法保留了原方法动态响应速度快等优点的同时提高了系统的稳态跟踪精度和干扰情况下的鲁棒性。展开更多
文摘向无源网络供电的模块化多电平换流器型高压直流输电(modular multilevel converter based HVDC,MMC-HVDC)系统是柔性直流输电技术的一个重要应用领域,因此有必要对其控制与保护策略进行研究。基于MMC电磁暂态数学模型,建立了d-q同步旋转坐标系下MMC欧拉?拉格朗日(Euler-Lagrange,EL)数学模型,推导了适于MMC控制的无源控制规律,设计了内环电流无源控制器及向无源网络供电的MMC-HVDC系统定交流电压控制器。针对电网电压不平衡或交流系统不对称故障引起的负序电流,提出了基于EL模型的正负序电流无源控制器。为保证故障时系统能满足安全运行的条件,提出了故障时的控制保护策略。最后在PSCAD/EMTDC中对MMC-HVDC系统各种运行工况进行了仿真验证,并对正负序无源控制器和矢量控制器的控制性能做了仿真对比,仿真结果表明,所提出的控制器和控制保护策略具有良好的动稳态控制性能,便于工程实际应用。
基金Supported by the State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China (2010CB630904)the National Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (21025627)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21106154,20990224)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (2011AA060704)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (2112038) and Jiangsu Province Project (BY2009133)
文摘Mixing problems are most likely encountered and sometimes can be severe in scaling-up projects. Micro-mixing is an important aspect for fast or quasi-instantaneous reactions. Poor micro-mixing might produce more undesired by-products, leading to higher purification costs. This paper gives an extensive review and analysis of micro-mixing studies in single- and multi phase stirred tanks. The relevant experiment techniques, micro-mixing models and nurherical approaches are critically reviewed and analyzed with remarks and perspectives. The reported studies on two-phase micro-mixing experiments and on the impact of the presence of the dispersed phases on turbulence have been limited to a narrow range of conditions. More importantly, disparities widely exist among different reports. Both Lagrangian and Eulerian models are based on oversimplified assumptions, which may lead to uncertainties or even unrealistic results. A heuristic model, which is from the perspective of CFD （computational fluid dynamics） and can cover the whole spectrum of scales and also focus on every subrocess, is desired in the future.
文摘针对基于欧拉-拉格朗日(Euler-Lagrange,EL)模型的有源电力滤波器(active power fil-ter,APF)无源控制方法在受到数学模型不精确、系统参数摄动等干扰情况下稳态跟踪精度欠佳的问题,根据APF的基本原理,对基于EL模型的APF无源性控制规律进行数学推导表明:依靠系统自然阻尼收敛的APF无源性控制律相当于引入前馈和解耦的开环控制方法;向系统注入阻尼的APF无源控制规律相当于在引入前馈和解耦的开环控制基础上加入了比例反馈控制,因此无法实现对期望平衡点的无静差跟踪和系统中"死区效应"等周期性干扰的抑制。为了提高APF无源控制的稳态跟踪精度,提出利用重复控制补偿的APF无源性控制方案。仿真和实验表明所提方法保留了原方法动态响应速度快等优点的同时提高了系统的稳态跟踪精度和干扰情况下的鲁棒性。
