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河流分类分级分段及河流形态学研究进展
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作者 董耀华 《水利水电快报》 2024年第9期6-13,共8页
河流分类、河流分级及干流河道分段合称为河流三分(分类·分级·分段);基于河流三要素(流域-水系-干流河道)和河流三分-河流形态学-河流学体系,开展了河流三分理论研究及实践应用、河流形态学再构建以及河流形态定性特性与定量... 河流分类、河流分级及干流河道分段合称为河流三分(分类·分级·分段);基于河流三要素(流域-水系-干流河道)和河流三分-河流形态学-河流学体系,开展了河流三分理论研究及实践应用、河流形态学再构建以及河流形态定性特性与定量因子指标辨识。主要成果结论包括:①优化了独立与非独立河流分类、河流分级Horton法改进、河流5区分段等方法,完善了河流界定拓展、河流平等与分级、干流河道“层次分段”等新理论,总结了世界大江大河及长江河流三分实践应用;②河流形态学研究河流现状及恒常形态,包括以河流三分为基石的河流三要素特性研究和以干流河道平面-剖面-断面形态为核心的河谷-河床-河道形态研究;③定性辨识了河流形态15项殊相特性与共相原则(包括复合流域水系、复杂干流河道等形态特性,干流河道优先、河流湖泊统一、干流河道唯一、侵蚀基面统一等新增原则);④定量辨识了河流形态4类因子指标,双指标3种相关关系(并行-从属-或然)与3类组合模式(物理-化学-生物)以及三因子4类及9种相关模式(均衡线型-瓶颈线型-三角形-金字塔-均分圆-同心圆-同切圆-交叉圆-三角圆)。倡导“河流学-长江学-水科学”学科范式,积极践行“治河·治江·治水”理念。 展开更多
关键词 独立与非独立河流分类 河流分级Horton法改进 河流5区分段法 河流形态学 双指标相关与组合 三因子相关模式 河流三要素(流域-水系-干流河道) 河流学-长江学-水科学
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河流分类方法研究及河流形态学概论 被引量:3
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作者 董耀华 汪秀丽 《人民长江》 北大核心 2022年第5期1-6,13,共7页
学术界对河流分类分级分段等展开了充分研究,但缺乏系统分析及统一认识。基于流域、水系和干流河道河流形态3要素,提出了独立与非独立河流分类方法;对世界范围内55条独立河流与长江非独立支流水系分别进行了分类应用研究和综合排序;初... 学术界对河流分类分级分段等展开了充分研究,但缺乏系统分析及统一认识。基于流域、水系和干流河道河流形态3要素,提出了独立与非独立河流分类方法;对世界范围内55条独立河流与长江非独立支流水系分别进行了分类应用研究和综合排序;初步构建了河流形态学。研究成果包括:(1)独立河流遵循河口优先原则,河流形态复杂性可划归为复合流域水系与复杂干流河道;基于河长与流域面积约0.5次方的相关关系,构建了流域特征长度、流域综合面积和河流弯曲指数3个河流形态特性指标。(2)流域综合面积排序世界前十位的河流是亚马孙河、尼罗河、刚果河、鄂毕河、叶尼塞河、长江、勒拿河、密西西比河、尼日尔河、阿穆尔河;归纳总结的长江流域河流水系“谱系”河流数量为1,4,9,24,49,63,374,381。(3)河流形态学包括河流分类、分级及分段“基石”研究和干流河道形态研究。研究河流分类及增设河流形态学可填补河流地貌学与河床演变学之间的研究空白,逐步形成河流“几何(河流形态学)-运动(河床演变学)-动力特性(河流动力学)”的研究体系。 展开更多
关键词 河流分类 独立河流 河流形态学 流域 水系 干流河道 河口优先原则 流域综合面积 河道形态
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River Morphology and River Channel Changes 被引量:1
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作者 CHANG Howard H 《Transactions of Tianjin University》 EI CAS 2008年第4期254-262,共9页
River morphology has been a subject of great challenge to scientists and engineers who recognize that any effort with regard to river engineering must be based on a proper understanding of the morphological features i... River morphology has been a subject of great challenge to scientists and engineers who recognize that any effort with regard to river engineering must be based on a proper understanding of the morphological features involved and the responses to the imposed changes. In this paper, an overview of river morphology is presented from the geomorphic viewpoint. Included in the scope are the regime concept, river channel classification, thresholds in river morphology, and geomorphic analysis of river responses. Analytical approach to river morphology based on the physical principles for the hydraulics of flow and sediment transport processes is also presented. The application of analytical river morphology is demonstrated by an example. Modeling is the modern technique to determine both short-term and long-term river channel responses to any change in the environment. The physical foundation of fluvial process-response must be applied in formatting a mathematical model. A brief introduction of the mathematical model FLUVIAL-12 is described. 展开更多
关键词 river morphology sediment transport river types mathematical model
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Study of Substrate and Physico-Chemical Base Classification of the Rivers of Nepal
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作者 JHA Bibhuti Ranjan WAIDBACHER Herwig +1 位作者 SHARMA Subodh STRAIF Michael 《Geo-Spatial Information Science》 2010年第1期70-76,共7页
The rivers in Nepal are classified in terms of geographical regions but a more scientific classification such as on the ba-sis of morphology is clearly lacking. This study was done in 9 rivers namely Jhikhukhola of th... The rivers in Nepal are classified in terms of geographical regions but a more scientific classification such as on the ba-sis of morphology is clearly lacking. This study was done in 9 rivers namely Jhikhukhola of the Koshi system, Aandhikhola, Arungkhola, East Rapti, Karrakhola, Seti and main channel Narayani of the Gandaki system, and two independent systems within Nepal, Bagmati and Tinau. Among the morphologies, river bed or the substratum was taken as the main variable for the analysis which was categorized into 7 types as rocks, boulders, cobbles, pebbles, gravels, sand and silt. There were 23 sampling sites each with 2 stretches of around 100m in those rivers. The data were taken as a percentage, and to avoid biases it was observed visually by the same person for a complete year in every season. With 23 sites each with 2 stretches and 4 replicates corresponding to 4 seasons, there are altogether 184 observations, each termed as a case, that constitute this work. Canonical Discrimination Analysis (CDA) which is most suitable when the data pool is huge was applied to see if the rivers studied distinguish themselves in terms of its morphology. The result was remarkably successful and was close to the established regional classification of the rivers. This kind of river classification has great application in the utilization, conservation and restoration of the most important natural re-source of the country. 展开更多
关键词 Nepal rivers morphology physico-chemical parameter river classification
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