AIM: To investigate the population-based prevalence of fatty liver disease (FLD) and its risk factors in Guangdong Province,China. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey with multiple-stage stratified cluster and random sa...AIM: To investigate the population-based prevalence of fatty liver disease (FLD) and its risk factors in Guangdong Province,China. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey with multiple-stage stratified cluster and random sampling of inhabitants over 7-year-old was performed in 6 urban and rural areas of Guangdong Province,China. Questionnaires,designed by co-working of epidemiologists and hepatologists,included demographic characteristics,current medication use,medical history and health-relevant behaviors,i.e. alcohol consumption,smoking habits,dietary habits and physical activities. Anthropometric measurements,biochemical tests and abdominal ultrasonography were carried out. RESULTS: Among the 3543 subjects,609 (17.2%) were diagnosed having FLD (18.0% males,16.7% females,P > 0.05). Among them,the prevalence of confirmed alcoholic liver disease (ALD),suspected ALD and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were 0.4%,1.8%,and 15.0%,respectively. The prevalence rate (23.0%) was significantly higher in urban areas than (12.9%) in rural areas. After adjustment for age,gender and residency,the standardized prevalence of FLD in adults was 14.5%. Among them,confirmed ALD,suspected ALD and NAFLD were 0.5%,2.3%,and 11.7%,respectively,in adults and 1.3% (all NAFLD) in children at the age of 7-18 years. The overall prevalence of FLD increased with age in both genders to the peak of 27.4% in the group of subjects at the age of 60-70 years. The prevalence rate was significantly higher in men than in women under the age of 50 years (22.4% vs 7.1%,P < 0.001). However,the opposite phenomenon was found over the age of 50 years (20.6% vs 27.6%,P < 0.05). Multivariate and logistic regression analysis indicated that male gender,urban residency,low education,high blood pressure,body mass index,waist circumference,waist to hip ratio,serum triglyceride and glucose levels were the risk factors for FLD. CONCLUSION: FLD,especially NAFLD,is prevalent in South China. There are many risk factors for FLD.展开更多
Direct labeling of virus particles is a powerful tool for the visualization of virus–cell interaction events. However, this technique involves the chemical modification of viral proteins that affects viral biological...Direct labeling of virus particles is a powerful tool for the visualization of virus–cell interaction events. However, this technique involves the chemical modification of viral proteins that affects viral biological properties. Here we describe an alternative approach of influenza virus labeling that utilizes Function-Spacer-Lipid(FSL) constructs that can be gently inserted into the virus membrane. We assessed whether labeling with fluorescent(fluo-Ad-DOPE) or biotin-labeled(biot-CMG2-DOPE) probes has any deleterious effect on influenza virus hemagglutinin(HA) receptor specificity, neuraminidase(NA) activity, or replicative ability in vitro. Our data clearly show that neither construct significantly affected influenza virus infectivity or viral affinity to sialyl receptors. Neither construct influenced the NA activities of the influenza viruses tested, except the A/Puerto Rico/8/34(H1N1) strain. Our data indicate that lipid labeling provides a powerful tool to analyze influenza virus infection in vitro.展开更多
AIM:To explore the relationship between gastric and intestinal microcirculatory impairment and inflammatory mediators released in rats with acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP). METHODS: A total of 64 rats were random...AIM:To explore the relationship between gastric and intestinal microcirculatory impairment and inflammatory mediators released in rats with acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP). METHODS: A total of 64 rats were randomized into control group and ANP group. ANP model was induced by injection of 5% sodium taurocholate under the pancreatic membrane. Radioactive biomicrosphere technique was used to measure the gastric and intestinal tissue blood flow at 2 and 12 h after the induction of ANP, meanwhile serum phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activities and interleukin-1β levels were determined. Pathologic changes in pancreas, gastric and intestinal mucosae were studied. RESULTS: The gastric blood flow in ANP group (0.62±0.06 and 0.35±0.05) mL/(min·g) was significantly lower than that in control group (0.86±0.11 and 0.85±0.06) mL/(min·g) (P<0.01) at 2 and 12 h after induction of ANP. The intestinal blood flow in ANP group (0.80±0.07 and 0.50±0.06) mlV(min·g) was significantly lower than that in control group (1.56±0.18 and 1.61±0.11) mL/(min·g) (P<0.01). Serum PLA2 activities (94.29±9.96 and 103.71± 14.40) U/L and IL-1β levels (0.78±0.13 and 0.83±0.20)μg/L in ANP group were higher than those in control group (65.27±10.52 and 66.63±9.81) U/L, (0.32±0.06 and 0.33±0.07)μg/L (P<0.01). At 2 and 12 h after introduction of the model, typical pathologic changes were found in ANP. Compared with control group, the gastric and intestinal mucosal pathologic changes were aggravated significantly (P<0.01) at 12 h after induction of ANP. Gastric and intestinal mucosal necrosis, multiple ulcer and hemorrhage occurred. CONCLUSION: Decrease of gastric and intestinal blood flow and increase of inflammatory mediators occur simultaneously early in ANP, both of them are important pathogenic factors for gastric and intestinal mucosal injury in ANP.展开更多
Background and Aims:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the most common chronic liver disease and is closely related to metabolic syndrome and its risk factors.Worldwide,epidemiological studies have reported NA...Background and Aims:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the most common chronic liver disease and is closely related to metabolic syndrome and its risk factors.Worldwide,epidemiological studies have reported NAFLD prevalence rates of 5%to 30%depending on geographical variations.While epidemiological data suggest a progressively increasing prevalence of metabolic risk factors in Singapore,there are limited data about NAFLD per se in the community.We aim to explore the prevalence and perceptions of NAFLD in Singapore.Methods:Attendees at a gastroenterology public forum were enrolled in a cross-sectional observational study evaluating demographic,anthropometric and clinical information.The diagnosis of NAFLD was based on sonographic criteria.Metabolic syndrome was defined according to International Diabetes Federation guidelines.Perceptions of NAFLD were explored using a self-administered survey questionnaire.Results:A total of 227 subjects were recruited,with NAFLD being diagnosed in 40%of the cohort.Relative to those without NAFLD,subjects with NAFLD had higher male preponderance,older age,higher body mass index,waist circumference and more metabolic syndrome(all P<0.05).Although 71.2%subjects had heard about NAFLD before,only 25.4%of them felt that they were at risk of NAFLD.Comparable responses were observed in subjects with no metabolic risk factors relative to subjects with one or more metabolic risk factors(P>0.05).Of note,75.6%of subjects with one or more metabolic risk factors did not think that they were at risk of NAFLD.Conclusion:Our study suggests a significant local prevalence of NAFLD in the community including non-obese individuals.Considering the tendency to underestimate risk of NAFLD,enhanced public education about NAFLD is warranted to improve understanding.展开更多
Epidemiological evidence and experimental studies suggest that drinking green tea is associated with a lower risk of obesity and related diseases. However, the mechanisms of these effects are not clear. In the present...Epidemiological evidence and experimental studies suggest that drinking green tea is associated with a lower risk of obesity and related diseases. However, the mechanisms of these effects are not clear. In the present study, we investigated the anti-obesity mechanisms of green tea catechins (GTCs) through modulation of peroxisome proliferator activated-receptor (PPAR) pathways in high-fat diet-induced obesity in rats. GTC supplementation significantly attenuated the increased body and liver weights and the elevated serum and liver triglyceride levels. Meanwhile, GTCs increased the PPARγ levels in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (SWAT) and decreased the PPAR levels in visceral white adipose tissue (VWAT). In addition, GTC treatment up-regulated the levels of PPARδ in SWAT, VWAT, and brown adipose tissue and increased the expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation in brown adipose tissue. Our results suggest that GTCs exert their anti-obesity mechanism in part by modulating PPAR signaling pathways.展开更多
基金Supported by a Grant from Guangzhou Health Bureau Project, No. 2004-Z001
文摘AIM: To investigate the population-based prevalence of fatty liver disease (FLD) and its risk factors in Guangdong Province,China. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey with multiple-stage stratified cluster and random sampling of inhabitants over 7-year-old was performed in 6 urban and rural areas of Guangdong Province,China. Questionnaires,designed by co-working of epidemiologists and hepatologists,included demographic characteristics,current medication use,medical history and health-relevant behaviors,i.e. alcohol consumption,smoking habits,dietary habits and physical activities. Anthropometric measurements,biochemical tests and abdominal ultrasonography were carried out. RESULTS: Among the 3543 subjects,609 (17.2%) were diagnosed having FLD (18.0% males,16.7% females,P > 0.05). Among them,the prevalence of confirmed alcoholic liver disease (ALD),suspected ALD and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were 0.4%,1.8%,and 15.0%,respectively. The prevalence rate (23.0%) was significantly higher in urban areas than (12.9%) in rural areas. After adjustment for age,gender and residency,the standardized prevalence of FLD in adults was 14.5%. Among them,confirmed ALD,suspected ALD and NAFLD were 0.5%,2.3%,and 11.7%,respectively,in adults and 1.3% (all NAFLD) in children at the age of 7-18 years. The overall prevalence of FLD increased with age in both genders to the peak of 27.4% in the group of subjects at the age of 60-70 years. The prevalence rate was significantly higher in men than in women under the age of 50 years (22.4% vs 7.1%,P < 0.001). However,the opposite phenomenon was found over the age of 50 years (20.6% vs 27.6%,P < 0.05). Multivariate and logistic regression analysis indicated that male gender,urban residency,low education,high blood pressure,body mass index,waist circumference,waist to hip ratio,serum triglyceride and glucose levels were the risk factors for FLD. CONCLUSION: FLD,especially NAFLD,is prevalent in South China. There are many risk factors for FLD.
基金partially(NVB) supported by RAS Presidium Grant "Molecular and Cell Biology"
文摘Direct labeling of virus particles is a powerful tool for the visualization of virus–cell interaction events. However, this technique involves the chemical modification of viral proteins that affects viral biological properties. Here we describe an alternative approach of influenza virus labeling that utilizes Function-Spacer-Lipid(FSL) constructs that can be gently inserted into the virus membrane. We assessed whether labeling with fluorescent(fluo-Ad-DOPE) or biotin-labeled(biot-CMG2-DOPE) probes has any deleterious effect on influenza virus hemagglutinin(HA) receptor specificity, neuraminidase(NA) activity, or replicative ability in vitro. Our data clearly show that neither construct significantly affected influenza virus infectivity or viral affinity to sialyl receptors. Neither construct influenced the NA activities of the influenza viruses tested, except the A/Puerto Rico/8/34(H1N1) strain. Our data indicate that lipid labeling provides a powerful tool to analyze influenza virus infection in vitro.
基金Supported by the Traditional Chinese Medicine Administration Bureau Foundation of Jiangsu Province,No.9965the Applied Basic Research Program of Science and Technology Commission Foundation of Jiangsu Province,No.BJ2000327
文摘AIM:To explore the relationship between gastric and intestinal microcirculatory impairment and inflammatory mediators released in rats with acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP). METHODS: A total of 64 rats were randomized into control group and ANP group. ANP model was induced by injection of 5% sodium taurocholate under the pancreatic membrane. Radioactive biomicrosphere technique was used to measure the gastric and intestinal tissue blood flow at 2 and 12 h after the induction of ANP, meanwhile serum phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activities and interleukin-1β levels were determined. Pathologic changes in pancreas, gastric and intestinal mucosae were studied. RESULTS: The gastric blood flow in ANP group (0.62±0.06 and 0.35±0.05) mL/(min·g) was significantly lower than that in control group (0.86±0.11 and 0.85±0.06) mL/(min·g) (P<0.01) at 2 and 12 h after induction of ANP. The intestinal blood flow in ANP group (0.80±0.07 and 0.50±0.06) mlV(min·g) was significantly lower than that in control group (1.56±0.18 and 1.61±0.11) mL/(min·g) (P<0.01). Serum PLA2 activities (94.29±9.96 and 103.71± 14.40) U/L and IL-1β levels (0.78±0.13 and 0.83±0.20)μg/L in ANP group were higher than those in control group (65.27±10.52 and 66.63±9.81) U/L, (0.32±0.06 and 0.33±0.07)μg/L (P<0.01). At 2 and 12 h after introduction of the model, typical pathologic changes were found in ANP. Compared with control group, the gastric and intestinal mucosal pathologic changes were aggravated significantly (P<0.01) at 12 h after induction of ANP. Gastric and intestinal mucosal necrosis, multiple ulcer and hemorrhage occurred. CONCLUSION: Decrease of gastric and intestinal blood flow and increase of inflammatory mediators occur simultaneously early in ANP, both of them are important pathogenic factors for gastric and intestinal mucosal injury in ANP.
基金Medical staff:Ms Tan Quee Eng,Ms Wen Jiaohong,Ms Gladys Sham,Ms Lim Guat Sim,Ms Sukvinder Kaur,Dr Ho Ching Yun,Dr Aaron Chua and Dr Debra Han for assistance in the conduct of the study.Phillips Healthcare Singapore for loaning their Phillips ultrasound machines for the event.
文摘Background and Aims:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the most common chronic liver disease and is closely related to metabolic syndrome and its risk factors.Worldwide,epidemiological studies have reported NAFLD prevalence rates of 5%to 30%depending on geographical variations.While epidemiological data suggest a progressively increasing prevalence of metabolic risk factors in Singapore,there are limited data about NAFLD per se in the community.We aim to explore the prevalence and perceptions of NAFLD in Singapore.Methods:Attendees at a gastroenterology public forum were enrolled in a cross-sectional observational study evaluating demographic,anthropometric and clinical information.The diagnosis of NAFLD was based on sonographic criteria.Metabolic syndrome was defined according to International Diabetes Federation guidelines.Perceptions of NAFLD were explored using a self-administered survey questionnaire.Results:A total of 227 subjects were recruited,with NAFLD being diagnosed in 40%of the cohort.Relative to those without NAFLD,subjects with NAFLD had higher male preponderance,older age,higher body mass index,waist circumference and more metabolic syndrome(all P<0.05).Although 71.2%subjects had heard about NAFLD before,only 25.4%of them felt that they were at risk of NAFLD.Comparable responses were observed in subjects with no metabolic risk factors relative to subjects with one or more metabolic risk factors(P>0.05).Of note,75.6%of subjects with one or more metabolic risk factors did not think that they were at risk of NAFLD.Conclusion:Our study suggests a significant local prevalence of NAFLD in the community including non-obese individuals.Considering the tendency to underestimate risk of NAFLD,enhanced public education about NAFLD is warranted to improve understanding.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30170239, 30930036)
文摘Epidemiological evidence and experimental studies suggest that drinking green tea is associated with a lower risk of obesity and related diseases. However, the mechanisms of these effects are not clear. In the present study, we investigated the anti-obesity mechanisms of green tea catechins (GTCs) through modulation of peroxisome proliferator activated-receptor (PPAR) pathways in high-fat diet-induced obesity in rats. GTC supplementation significantly attenuated the increased body and liver weights and the elevated serum and liver triglyceride levels. Meanwhile, GTCs increased the PPARγ levels in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (SWAT) and decreased the PPAR levels in visceral white adipose tissue (VWAT). In addition, GTC treatment up-regulated the levels of PPARδ in SWAT, VWAT, and brown adipose tissue and increased the expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation in brown adipose tissue. Our results suggest that GTCs exert their anti-obesity mechanism in part by modulating PPAR signaling pathways.
