第一,HPV在下生殖道癌病因中的作用得到证实。在Harald zur Hausen确定HPV是引起宫颈、阴道及外阴鳞状细胞癌和大多数宫颈腺癌的罪魁祸首之前,令人信服的流行病学证据表明宫颈癌的风险增加与患者性活动开始过早、性伴侣过多和高危性行为...第一,HPV在下生殖道癌病因中的作用得到证实。在Harald zur Hausen确定HPV是引起宫颈、阴道及外阴鳞状细胞癌和大多数宫颈腺癌的罪魁祸首之前,令人信服的流行病学证据表明宫颈癌的风险增加与患者性活动开始过早、性伴侣过多和高危性行为(性伴侣患有阴茎癌或宫颈癌)有关。早在1940年,疱疹病毒和其他感染原就被调查,但直到DNA重组技术,HPV在宫颈癌发生过程中所起作用的分子机制才最终得以阐明,并开发出针对最常见的高危型HPV有效的疫苗.展开更多
Stomach cancer is still the fourth most common cancer;thus,it remains an important public health burden worldwide,especially in developing countries.The remarkable geographic variations in the rates of stomach cancer ...Stomach cancer is still the fourth most common cancer;thus,it remains an important public health burden worldwide,especially in developing countries.The remarkable geographic variations in the rates of stomach cancer indicate that dietary factors,including a range of food groups to which salt and/or nitrates have been added,may affect stomach cancer risk.In this paper,we review the results from ecologic,case-control and cohort studies on the relationship between salt or salted foods and stomach cancer risk.The majority of ecological studies indicated that the average salt intake in each population was closely correlated with gastric cancer mortality.Most case-control studies showed similar results,indicating a moderate to high increase in risk for the highest level of salt or salted food consumption.The overall results from cohort studies are not totally consistent,but are suggestive of a moderate direct association.Since salt intake has been correlated with Helicobacter pylori(H pylori) infection,it is possible that these two factors may synergize to promote the development of stomach cancer.Additionally,salt may also cause stomach cancer through directly damaging gastric mucus,improving temporary epithelial proliferation and the incidence of endogenous mutations,and inducing hypergastrinemia that leads to eventual parietal cell loss and progression to gastric cancer.Based on the considerable evidence from ecological,case-control and cohort studies worldwide and the mechanistic plausibility,limitation on salt and salted food consumption is a practical strategy for preventing gastric cancer.展开更多
文摘第一,HPV在下生殖道癌病因中的作用得到证实。在Harald zur Hausen确定HPV是引起宫颈、阴道及外阴鳞状细胞癌和大多数宫颈腺癌的罪魁祸首之前,令人信服的流行病学证据表明宫颈癌的风险增加与患者性活动开始过早、性伴侣过多和高危性行为(性伴侣患有阴茎癌或宫颈癌)有关。早在1940年,疱疹病毒和其他感染原就被调查,但直到DNA重组技术,HPV在宫颈癌发生过程中所起作用的分子机制才最终得以阐明,并开发出针对最常见的高危型HPV有效的疫苗.
文摘Stomach cancer is still the fourth most common cancer;thus,it remains an important public health burden worldwide,especially in developing countries.The remarkable geographic variations in the rates of stomach cancer indicate that dietary factors,including a range of food groups to which salt and/or nitrates have been added,may affect stomach cancer risk.In this paper,we review the results from ecologic,case-control and cohort studies on the relationship between salt or salted foods and stomach cancer risk.The majority of ecological studies indicated that the average salt intake in each population was closely correlated with gastric cancer mortality.Most case-control studies showed similar results,indicating a moderate to high increase in risk for the highest level of salt or salted food consumption.The overall results from cohort studies are not totally consistent,but are suggestive of a moderate direct association.Since salt intake has been correlated with Helicobacter pylori(H pylori) infection,it is possible that these two factors may synergize to promote the development of stomach cancer.Additionally,salt may also cause stomach cancer through directly damaging gastric mucus,improving temporary epithelial proliferation and the incidence of endogenous mutations,and inducing hypergastrinemia that leads to eventual parietal cell loss and progression to gastric cancer.Based on the considerable evidence from ecological,case-control and cohort studies worldwide and the mechanistic plausibility,limitation on salt and salted food consumption is a practical strategy for preventing gastric cancer.
