Energy saving is the nature of the optimal balance between the optimization of performance and energy consumption.Due to the node＇ s mobility of large-scale wireless sensor networks and the depletion of electrical en...Energy saving is the nature of the optimal balance between the optimization of performance and energy consumption.Due to the node＇ s mobility of large-scale wireless sensor networks and the depletion of electrical energy causing the failure of communication path and network segmentation mong nodes,and because energy consumption of nodes is mainly its communication, to design the routing with energy saving, low latency, extensibility and improving the fault-tolerance is particularly important.Based on the large-scale wireless sensor networks,mainly through introducing the methods of nonlinear modeling,this paper analyzes the fine-grained mapping between the system of energy consumption and software, builds and optimizes the software model of energy consumption and energy consumption-balance model of service quality, and commits to form an effective energy saving to lay a foundation for construction of low energy consumption of wireless sensor network. Research achievement has significant theoretical and application value in public safety, disaster prevention, ecological and environmental protection, urban management, smart home, intelligent transportation, medical and health care, industrial monitoring, green agriculture and other fields.展开更多
Most of data distribution mechanism in Opportunistic Networks is derived by Epidemic data distribution,and Epidemic data distribution means that when each node meets another node,it may copy its own messages and trans...Most of data distribution mechanism in Opportunistic Networks is derived by Epidemic data distribution,and Epidemic data distribution means that when each node meets another node,it may copy its own messages and transfer to another node.On the one hand,the copies improve the forwarding rate,and reduce the transmission delay.However,on the other hand,energy consumption increases and network survival time is reduced because the copies consume transmission resource.Therefore,copy number should be under control.In this paper,we first introduce the existing routing strategy based on Epidemic briefly,and present the Epidemic routing protocol analysis model and copy control mechanism based on the limited Epidemic in Opportunistic Networks.Then based on the limited copies scheme(LCS),we propose an energy balance scheme(EBS),the results show that EBS can improve the network survival time.展开更多
A two stage scan architecture is proposed to do low power and low test application cost scan testing. The first stage includes multiple scan chains, where each scan chain is driven by a primary input. Each scan flip-f...A two stage scan architecture is proposed to do low power and low test application cost scan testing. The first stage includes multiple scan chains, where each scan chain is driven by a primary input. Each scan flip-flop in the multiple scan chains drives a group of scan flip-flops. The scan flip-flop in the multiple scan chain and the scan flip-flop driven by it are assigned the same values for all test vectors. Scan flip-flops in the multiple scan chains and those in the second stage use separate clock signals, but the design for testability technqiue needs only one clock. The proposed scan architecture localizes test power consumption to the multiple scan chains during test application. Test signals assigned to scan flip-fiops in the multiple scan chains are applied to the scan flip-flops in the second stage after the test vector has been applied to the multiple scan chains. This technique can make test power consumption very small.展开更多
Residential energy consumption is varying considerably worldwide. In order to understand these variations, and thus design effective policies for energy reductions, one needs a better understanding of the different dr...Residential energy consumption is varying considerably worldwide. In order to understand these variations, and thus design effective policies for energy reductions, one needs a better understanding of the different drivers behind these variations. A comparison of geographical areas with similar climate and socio-economic conditions has shown significant variations in residential energy consumption across otherwise comparable case studies. This research paper aims to identify cultural and historical parameters that contribute to these significant variations, including economic, environmental and social traditions related to local availability of natural resources. Furthermore, the transferability of these parameters is evaluated, taking into consideration local legislation and planning documents, and historic and socio-economic accessibility of resources. It is evaluated to which degree these parameters can be transferred and included into building assessment tools and policy documents for planning and transformation of sustainable urban neighborhoods.展开更多
The paper deals with the energy and indoor comfort on buildings of UPF （University ofPasso Fundo）, located in southern Brazil, in order to improve the eco-efficiency concepts in the university＇s building stock, rei...The paper deals with the energy and indoor comfort on buildings of UPF （University ofPasso Fundo）, located in southern Brazil, in order to improve the eco-efficiency concepts in the university＇s building stock, reinforcing its responsibility towards sustainable development. The factors that affect thermal performance and the energy consumption of two case studies were identified, including the general characteristics of the envelope and the indoor conditions. The simulations with DesignBuilder software compare the energy and thermal performance of both cases： those results allow the identification of their positive and negative aspects, as well as making a co-relation with the students＇ sensations of comfort--obtained through PMV （predicted mean vote）. The research indicates that it will be possible to improve eco-efficiency of existing and new buildings and campuses by retrofitting and upgrading it with regard to better indoor conditions that really correspond to climate conditions （hot and humid summers, and cold and damp winters）, using passive strategies for heating and cooling and at the same time to improve rational use of natural resources and to reduce the environmental impact. Probably, giving comfortable conditions to the users will increase energy consumption, but there is a potential reduction of lighting and equipment that could minimize this impact.展开更多
The variable gas exchange valve actuation systems have been developed in order to improve the efficiency of the combustion process. The electro-hydraulic valve actuation （EHVA） systems have good power to weight rati...The variable gas exchange valve actuation systems have been developed in order to improve the efficiency of the combustion process. The electro-hydraulic valve actuation （EHVA） systems have good power to weight ratio, high maximum force and good controllability. The disadvantages are limited frequency bandwidth and energy recovery. Each component of the EHVA system has certain energy consumption, which is characteristic to the component. In this study the power consumptions of the components are investigated by means of the simulation. The investigated components are a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic accumulator, a control valve, and hydraulic lines connecting the components. The pressure losses caused by the oil flow are most significant in the control valves, 50-60% of the total energy consumption. If the stored kinetic energy of the actuator and moving oil masses could be reused, the energy consumption could be up to 25% better.展开更多
文摘Energy saving is the nature of the optimal balance between the optimization of performance and energy consumption.Due to the node＇ s mobility of large-scale wireless sensor networks and the depletion of electrical energy causing the failure of communication path and network segmentation mong nodes,and because energy consumption of nodes is mainly its communication, to design the routing with energy saving, low latency, extensibility and improving the fault-tolerance is particularly important.Based on the large-scale wireless sensor networks,mainly through introducing the methods of nonlinear modeling,this paper analyzes the fine-grained mapping between the system of energy consumption and software, builds and optimizes the software model of energy consumption and energy consumption-balance model of service quality, and commits to form an effective energy saving to lay a foundation for construction of low energy consumption of wireless sensor network. Research achievement has significant theoretical and application value in public safety, disaster prevention, ecological and environmental protection, urban management, smart home, intelligent transportation, medical and health care, industrial monitoring, green agriculture and other fields.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61171097)Key Lab of Information Network Security, Ministry of Public Security(C14613)
文摘Most of data distribution mechanism in Opportunistic Networks is derived by Epidemic data distribution,and Epidemic data distribution means that when each node meets another node,it may copy its own messages and transfer to another node.On the one hand,the copies improve the forwarding rate,and reduce the transmission delay.However,on the other hand,energy consumption increases and network survival time is reduced because the copies consume transmission resource.Therefore,copy number should be under control.In this paper,we first introduce the existing routing strategy based on Epidemic briefly,and present the Epidemic routing protocol analysis model and copy control mechanism based on the limited Epidemic in Opportunistic Networks.Then based on the limited copies scheme(LCS),we propose an energy balance scheme(EBS),the results show that EBS can improve the network survival time.
基金This workis supported in part by JSPS under grant L03540and the National Science Foundation of China under grant60373009
文摘A two stage scan architecture is proposed to do low power and low test application cost scan testing. The first stage includes multiple scan chains, where each scan chain is driven by a primary input. Each scan flip-flop in the multiple scan chains drives a group of scan flip-flops. The scan flip-flop in the multiple scan chain and the scan flip-flop driven by it are assigned the same values for all test vectors. Scan flip-flops in the multiple scan chains and those in the second stage use separate clock signals, but the design for testability technqiue needs only one clock. The proposed scan architecture localizes test power consumption to the multiple scan chains during test application. Test signals assigned to scan flip-fiops in the multiple scan chains are applied to the scan flip-flops in the second stage after the test vector has been applied to the multiple scan chains. This technique can make test power consumption very small.
文摘Residential energy consumption is varying considerably worldwide. In order to understand these variations, and thus design effective policies for energy reductions, one needs a better understanding of the different drivers behind these variations. A comparison of geographical areas with similar climate and socio-economic conditions has shown significant variations in residential energy consumption across otherwise comparable case studies. This research paper aims to identify cultural and historical parameters that contribute to these significant variations, including economic, environmental and social traditions related to local availability of natural resources. Furthermore, the transferability of these parameters is evaluated, taking into consideration local legislation and planning documents, and historic and socio-economic accessibility of resources. It is evaluated to which degree these parameters can be transferred and included into building assessment tools and policy documents for planning and transformation of sustainable urban neighborhoods.
文摘The paper deals with the energy and indoor comfort on buildings of UPF （University ofPasso Fundo）, located in southern Brazil, in order to improve the eco-efficiency concepts in the university＇s building stock, reinforcing its responsibility towards sustainable development. The factors that affect thermal performance and the energy consumption of two case studies were identified, including the general characteristics of the envelope and the indoor conditions. The simulations with DesignBuilder software compare the energy and thermal performance of both cases： those results allow the identification of their positive and negative aspects, as well as making a co-relation with the students＇ sensations of comfort--obtained through PMV （predicted mean vote）. The research indicates that it will be possible to improve eco-efficiency of existing and new buildings and campuses by retrofitting and upgrading it with regard to better indoor conditions that really correspond to climate conditions （hot and humid summers, and cold and damp winters）, using passive strategies for heating and cooling and at the same time to improve rational use of natural resources and to reduce the environmental impact. Probably, giving comfortable conditions to the users will increase energy consumption, but there is a potential reduction of lighting and equipment that could minimize this impact.
文摘The variable gas exchange valve actuation systems have been developed in order to improve the efficiency of the combustion process. The electro-hydraulic valve actuation （EHVA） systems have good power to weight ratio, high maximum force and good controllability. The disadvantages are limited frequency bandwidth and energy recovery. Each component of the EHVA system has certain energy consumption, which is characteristic to the component. In this study the power consumptions of the components are investigated by means of the simulation. The investigated components are a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic accumulator, a control valve, and hydraulic lines connecting the components. The pressure losses caused by the oil flow are most significant in the control valves, 50-60% of the total energy consumption. If the stored kinetic energy of the actuator and moving oil masses could be reused, the energy consumption could be up to 25% better.
