目的:探讨气道液体刺激在气管切开患者气道护理中的可行性及应用效果。方法:将90例气管切开患者随机分为试验1组、试验2组和对照组,每组30例,均进行常规气道护理。试验1组用20 m L注射器将0.45%Na Cl快速注入人工气道,试验2组用灭菌注...目的:探讨气道液体刺激在气管切开患者气道护理中的可行性及应用效果。方法:将90例气管切开患者随机分为试验1组、试验2组和对照组,每组30例,均进行常规气道护理。试验1组用20 m L注射器将0.45%Na Cl快速注入人工气道,试验2组用灭菌注射用水快速注入人工气道,进行气道灌洗,对照组则采用常规吸痰。结果:(1)试验组患者排痰效果优于对照组患者(P<0.05);(2)试验组患者痰液黏稠度低于对照组患者(P<0.05);(3)3组的血气分析pH值、PaO_2、SaO_2及心率、呼吸频率、血压等无显著性差异(均P>0.05)。结论:在气管切开患者护理中,气道适度的液体刺激能有效降低患者痰液黏稠度、痰痂形成及堵管的发生,优于单纯的吸痰和持续气道湿化法。展开更多
AIM： To investigate the effect of two-channel gastric electrical stimulation （GES） with trains of pulses on gastric emptying and slow waves.METHODS： Seven dogs implanted with four pairs of electrodes and equipped ...AIM： To investigate the effect of two-channel gastric electrical stimulation （GES） with trains of pulses on gastric emptying and slow waves.METHODS： Seven dogs implanted with four pairs of electrodes and equipped with a duodenal cannula were involved in this study. Two experiments were performed.The first experiment included a series of sessions in the fasting state with trains of short or long pulses, each lasted 10 min. A 5-min recording without pacing was made between two sessions. The second experiment was performed in three sessions （control, single-channel GES, and two-channel GES）. The stimulus was applied via the 1st pair of electrodes for single-channel GES （GES via one pair of electrodes located at 14 cm above the pylorus）, and simultaneously via the 1st and 3rd channels for two-channel GES （GES via two pairs of electrodes located at 6 and 14 cm above the pylorus）, Gastric liquid emptying was collected every 15 min via the cannula for 90 min.RESULTS： GES with trains of pulses at a pulse width of 4 ms or higher was able to entrain gastric slow waves. Two-channel GES was about 50% more efficient than single-channel GES in entraining gastric slow waves. Two-channel but not single-channel GES with trains of pulses was capable of accelerating gastric emptying in healthy dogs. Compared with the control session, two-channel GES significantly increased gastric emptying of liquids at 15 rain （79.0% ± 6.4% vs 61.3% ± 6.1%, P 〈 0.01）, 30 min （83.2% ± 6.3 % vs 68.2% ± 6.9%, P 〈 0.01）, 60 min （86.9% ± 5.5 % vs 74.1% ± 5.9%, P 〈 0.01）, and 90 rain （91.0% ± 3.4% vs 76.5% ± 5.9%, P 〈 0.01）.CONCLUSION： Two-channel GES with trains of pulses accelerates gastric emptying in healthy dogs and may have a therapeutic potential for the treatment of gastric motility disorders.展开更多
With the development of vehicle gearbox to high-power-density and high-speed, how to predict and optimize the dynamic characteristics of vehicle gearbox becomes increasingly prominent. Aiming at the vehicle gearbox, t...With the development of vehicle gearbox to high-power-density and high-speed, how to predict and optimize the dynamic characteristics of vehicle gearbox becomes increasingly prominent. Aiming at the vehicle gearbox, this paper comprehensively and deeply studies the dynamic characteristics under the multi-boundary conditions. The generation mechanism of the multi-source excitations triggering the gearbox vibration is analyzed firstly. The vibration transfer path of the gearbox is explored. Secondly, the engine excitation, the gear meshing excitation and the bearing support load are numerically calculated. According to the finite element method,a fluid-solid coupling finite element model of the gearbox body is established to predict the gearbox dynamic responses based on the Galerkin method and the Hamiltonian variational principle. Finally, the effects of the excitation condition, oil height and reinforcement forms on the vibration responses of the gearbox body are thoroughly studied by simulation. The analysis indicates that it not only helps to modify and improve the method of forecasting the gearbox dynamic response, and also provides the theoretical and technical guidance for the gearbox design and optimization.展开更多
文摘目的:探讨气道液体刺激在气管切开患者气道护理中的可行性及应用效果。方法:将90例气管切开患者随机分为试验1组、试验2组和对照组,每组30例,均进行常规气道护理。试验1组用20 m L注射器将0.45%Na Cl快速注入人工气道,试验2组用灭菌注射用水快速注入人工气道,进行气道灌洗,对照组则采用常规吸痰。结果:(1)试验组患者排痰效果优于对照组患者(P<0.05);(2)试验组患者痰液黏稠度低于对照组患者(P<0.05);(3)3组的血气分析pH值、PaO_2、SaO_2及心率、呼吸频率、血压等无显著性差异(均P>0.05)。结论:在气管切开患者护理中,气道适度的液体刺激能有效降低患者痰液黏稠度、痰痂形成及堵管的发生,优于单纯的吸痰和持续气道湿化法。
基金Supported by Funds from Union Hospital and University of Texas Medical Branch
文摘AIM： To investigate the effect of two-channel gastric electrical stimulation （GES） with trains of pulses on gastric emptying and slow waves.METHODS： Seven dogs implanted with four pairs of electrodes and equipped with a duodenal cannula were involved in this study. Two experiments were performed.The first experiment included a series of sessions in the fasting state with trains of short or long pulses, each lasted 10 min. A 5-min recording without pacing was made between two sessions. The second experiment was performed in three sessions （control, single-channel GES, and two-channel GES）. The stimulus was applied via the 1st pair of electrodes for single-channel GES （GES via one pair of electrodes located at 14 cm above the pylorus）, and simultaneously via the 1st and 3rd channels for two-channel GES （GES via two pairs of electrodes located at 6 and 14 cm above the pylorus）, Gastric liquid emptying was collected every 15 min via the cannula for 90 min.RESULTS： GES with trains of pulses at a pulse width of 4 ms or higher was able to entrain gastric slow waves. Two-channel GES was about 50% more efficient than single-channel GES in entraining gastric slow waves. Two-channel but not single-channel GES with trains of pulses was capable of accelerating gastric emptying in healthy dogs. Compared with the control session, two-channel GES significantly increased gastric emptying of liquids at 15 rain （79.0% ± 6.4% vs 61.3% ± 6.1%, P 〈 0.01）, 30 min （83.2% ± 6.3 % vs 68.2% ± 6.9%, P 〈 0.01）, 60 min （86.9% ± 5.5 % vs 74.1% ± 5.9%, P 〈 0.01）, and 90 rain （91.0% ± 3.4% vs 76.5% ± 5.9%, P 〈 0.01）.CONCLUSION： Two-channel GES with trains of pulses accelerates gastric emptying in healthy dogs and may have a therapeutic potential for the treatment of gastric motility disorders.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51505402 and 51405410)the Education and Scientific Research Projects of Young and Middle-Aged Teachers in Fujian Province in 2014(No.JA14245)
文摘With the development of vehicle gearbox to high-power-density and high-speed, how to predict and optimize the dynamic characteristics of vehicle gearbox becomes increasingly prominent. Aiming at the vehicle gearbox, this paper comprehensively and deeply studies the dynamic characteristics under the multi-boundary conditions. The generation mechanism of the multi-source excitations triggering the gearbox vibration is analyzed firstly. The vibration transfer path of the gearbox is explored. Secondly, the engine excitation, the gear meshing excitation and the bearing support load are numerically calculated. According to the finite element method,a fluid-solid coupling finite element model of the gearbox body is established to predict the gearbox dynamic responses based on the Galerkin method and the Hamiltonian variational principle. Finally, the effects of the excitation condition, oil height and reinforcement forms on the vibration responses of the gearbox body are thoroughly studied by simulation. The analysis indicates that it not only helps to modify and improve the method of forecasting the gearbox dynamic response, and also provides the theoretical and technical guidance for the gearbox design and optimization.
