In wood processing, the production of residues is an unavoidable aspect to be considered. The use of wood residues is gaining importance due to the large amount generated and improper disposal, which can seriously har...In wood processing, the production of residues is an unavoidable aspect to be considered. The use of wood residues is gaining importance due to the large amount generated and improper disposal, which can seriously harm environment. Burning of wood residues to energy generation is an increasingly usual practice. However, wood residues hold chemical substances that could be recovered before burning. These substances are the wood extractives, which may have many uses as natural dyes for fabrics, foods and cosmetics, as well as potential medicines. Thus, it is of great interest to study the effect of extractive removal on the calorific value of wood residues. In this work, the calorific value of three Brazilian wood species commonly used in sawmills （hymenaeacourbaril, jatoba; cedrelingacatenaeformis, cedroarana; tabebuiasp, ipe） and residues of urban trees pruning （caesalpiniaechinata, Brazil wood） were evaluated before and after extraction in hot water. In woods studied, the calorific value showed three patterns of behavior after removal of extractives soluble in hot water. For Brazil wood, the removal of extractives caused no significant change in calorific value. For cedroarana and jatoba, extractive removal led to a decrease in wood calorific value of 161.3 kcal.kg1 and 40. l kcal.kg^-1, respectively, which indicates that the extractives from these species have a positive energy potential. Finally, for ipe, the removal of extractives resulted in an increase in calorific value of wood （67.6 kcal.kg^-1）, which might encourage the recovery of extractives from wood residues before burning for energy generation.展开更多
Availability of clean water is going to become one of biggest demands of the country. Even though there arc various technologies available for purification of water harnessing solar energy fits the purpose for future ...Availability of clean water is going to become one of biggest demands of the country. Even though there arc various technologies available for purification of water harnessing solar energy fits the purpose for future problems. Distillation is one of many processes available for water purification, and solar energy is one of several forms of heat energy that can be used to energize this process. In this review a study is made to enhance the productivity of the solar stills by connecting solar still with latent heat storage and solar air heater in series and other factors like improving evaporation rate by maintaining Low depth, more exposure area, heat addition by solar collector and presence of latent heat storage material, which is a paraffin wax as a integral part of still. Latent heat storage is one of the most efficient ways of storing thermal energy. Unlike the sensible heat storage method, the latent heat storage method provides much higher storage density, with a smaller temperature difference between storing and releasing heat. Further augmentation of the yield by scraps, pebble, and sand are added.展开更多
Rotifers are considered as one of the most important prey organisms in the culture of altricial fish larvae. However, high density rotifer culture is often problematic due to water quality problems which results in fr...Rotifers are considered as one of the most important prey organisms in the culture of altricial fish larvae. However, high density rotifer culture is often problematic due to water quality problems which results in frequent crashes. In the present study, the performance of a small-scale, continuous system was evaluated for culturing rotifers, Brachionus plicatilis, using concentrated nonviable green algae, Nannochloropsis oculeataas feed in a 160 L tank for a period of 90 days. The system configuration was simple and major components consisted of a protein skimmer and a pure oxygen delivery system. Although egg ratio increased from 3% on day 1 to 21.8% and 39.3% on days 7 and 9, respectively, rotifer growth was slow at start up and resulted in fluctuations in total number of rotifers between days 19-41. Rotifer densities remained 〈 400 until day 51 but increased at higher rates reaching 900 individuals/mL on day 55, 1,620 on day 60 and 2,127 on day 70. Rotifer density reached a maximum of 2,188 individuals/mL on day 85. Once the rotifer density exceeded 1,500 individuals/mL （day 60）, periodical harvesting （a total of 16 harvest events） produced a total of 369,920,000 rotifers corresponding to a daily production of 12,330,667 individuals/day during the next 30 days until the experiment was terminated at day 90. As a result of periodic harvesting, water makeup and continuous protein skimming, total settleable solids and NH3-N levels remained low and ranged between 4-22 mL/L and 0.4-2.2 mg/L, respectively. The authors＇ findings indicated that this inexpensive culture system can be successfully used for small-scale marine or freshwater ornamental fish production. Further work is required to minimize lag period at start-up and increase the production potential and yield by better management of suspended solids.展开更多
Bio-methane,as a promising renewable green energy,the component and thermal value of which are very close to that of natural gas,indicates an enormous resource potential and could be employed as the alternative of fos...Bio-methane,as a promising renewable green energy,the component and thermal value of which are very close to that of natural gas,indicates an enormous resource potential and could be employed as the alternative of fossil energy through the development of agro-industrial integration and efficient bio-methane system. Establishment of high efficient agro-industrial integrated bio-methane system is an important component of the renewable energy system and also a significant way of emission reduction.展开更多
Objective: We investigated the expression levels of KiSS-1 and KAI-1 in gallbladder carcinoma and their relationship with clinicopathologic parameters and metastasis potential. Methods: Pathological specimens from 59 ...Objective: We investigated the expression levels of KiSS-1 and KAI-1 in gallbladder carcinoma and their relationship with clinicopathologic parameters and metastasis potential. Methods: Pathological specimens from 59 gallbladder carcinoma tissues (including 23 invasion tissues), matched 7 para-tumor and 6 normal gallbladder tissues were examined for the expression of KiSS-1 and KAI-1 protein by tissue microarray technique and immunohistochemistry (EnVision). Results: The positive rate of KiSS-1 and KAI-1 was down-regulated (P < 0.05) in tumor tissues, compared with non-tumor tissues. The positive rate of KiSS-1 and KAI-1 were down-regulated (P < 0.01) in invasion tissues, compared with para-tumor tissues. Down-regulating expression levels of KiSS-1 and KAI-1 were significantly correlated with some malignant behavior of gallbladder carcinoma. The positive rate of KiSS-1 and KAI-1 were all negatively correlated with the Nevin staging of gallbladder carcinoma (P < 0.01). Moreover, a strong positive correlation was found between the positive expression of KiSS-1 and KAI-1 in gallbladder carcinoma (P < 0.001). It was indicated that KiSS-1 and KAI-1 were all associated with high metastasis potential of gallbladder carcinoma. Conclusion: KiSS-1 and/or KAI-1 may be important markers of reflecting invasive and metastatic potential and prognosis in gallbladder carcinoma, and may be the target genes to inhibit metastasis of gallbladder carcinoma. Detection of the expression of KiSS-1 and/or KAI-1 may have important clinical value for finding early-stage and evaluating the prognosis of gallbladder carcinoma.展开更多
文摘In wood processing, the production of residues is an unavoidable aspect to be considered. The use of wood residues is gaining importance due to the large amount generated and improper disposal, which can seriously harm environment. Burning of wood residues to energy generation is an increasingly usual practice. However, wood residues hold chemical substances that could be recovered before burning. These substances are the wood extractives, which may have many uses as natural dyes for fabrics, foods and cosmetics, as well as potential medicines. Thus, it is of great interest to study the effect of extractive removal on the calorific value of wood residues. In this work, the calorific value of three Brazilian wood species commonly used in sawmills （hymenaeacourbaril, jatoba; cedrelingacatenaeformis, cedroarana; tabebuiasp, ipe） and residues of urban trees pruning （caesalpiniaechinata, Brazil wood） were evaluated before and after extraction in hot water. In woods studied, the calorific value showed three patterns of behavior after removal of extractives soluble in hot water. For Brazil wood, the removal of extractives caused no significant change in calorific value. For cedroarana and jatoba, extractive removal led to a decrease in wood calorific value of 161.3 kcal.kg1 and 40. l kcal.kg^-1, respectively, which indicates that the extractives from these species have a positive energy potential. Finally, for ipe, the removal of extractives resulted in an increase in calorific value of wood （67.6 kcal.kg^-1）, which might encourage the recovery of extractives from wood residues before burning for energy generation.
文摘Availability of clean water is going to become one of biggest demands of the country. Even though there arc various technologies available for purification of water harnessing solar energy fits the purpose for future problems. Distillation is one of many processes available for water purification, and solar energy is one of several forms of heat energy that can be used to energize this process. In this review a study is made to enhance the productivity of the solar stills by connecting solar still with latent heat storage and solar air heater in series and other factors like improving evaporation rate by maintaining Low depth, more exposure area, heat addition by solar collector and presence of latent heat storage material, which is a paraffin wax as a integral part of still. Latent heat storage is one of the most efficient ways of storing thermal energy. Unlike the sensible heat storage method, the latent heat storage method provides much higher storage density, with a smaller temperature difference between storing and releasing heat. Further augmentation of the yield by scraps, pebble, and sand are added.
文摘Rotifers are considered as one of the most important prey organisms in the culture of altricial fish larvae. However, high density rotifer culture is often problematic due to water quality problems which results in frequent crashes. In the present study, the performance of a small-scale, continuous system was evaluated for culturing rotifers, Brachionus plicatilis, using concentrated nonviable green algae, Nannochloropsis oculeataas feed in a 160 L tank for a period of 90 days. The system configuration was simple and major components consisted of a protein skimmer and a pure oxygen delivery system. Although egg ratio increased from 3% on day 1 to 21.8% and 39.3% on days 7 and 9, respectively, rotifer growth was slow at start up and resulted in fluctuations in total number of rotifers between days 19-41. Rotifer densities remained 〈 400 until day 51 but increased at higher rates reaching 900 individuals/mL on day 55, 1,620 on day 60 and 2,127 on day 70. Rotifer density reached a maximum of 2,188 individuals/mL on day 85. Once the rotifer density exceeded 1,500 individuals/mL （day 60）, periodical harvesting （a total of 16 harvest events） produced a total of 369,920,000 rotifers corresponding to a daily production of 12,330,667 individuals/day during the next 30 days until the experiment was terminated at day 90. As a result of periodic harvesting, water makeup and continuous protein skimming, total settleable solids and NH3-N levels remained low and ranged between 4-22 mL/L and 0.4-2.2 mg/L, respectively. The authors＇ findings indicated that this inexpensive culture system can be successfully used for small-scale marine or freshwater ornamental fish production. Further work is required to minimize lag period at start-up and increase the production potential and yield by better management of suspended solids.
文摘Bio-methane,as a promising renewable green energy,the component and thermal value of which are very close to that of natural gas,indicates an enormous resource potential and could be employed as the alternative of fossil energy through the development of agro-industrial integration and efficient bio-methane system. Establishment of high efficient agro-industrial integrated bio-methane system is an important component of the renewable energy system and also a significant way of emission reduction.
基金Supported by a grant from the Technology Program of Social Development Foundation of Kunshan (No. KS0703)
文摘Objective: We investigated the expression levels of KiSS-1 and KAI-1 in gallbladder carcinoma and their relationship with clinicopathologic parameters and metastasis potential. Methods: Pathological specimens from 59 gallbladder carcinoma tissues (including 23 invasion tissues), matched 7 para-tumor and 6 normal gallbladder tissues were examined for the expression of KiSS-1 and KAI-1 protein by tissue microarray technique and immunohistochemistry (EnVision). Results: The positive rate of KiSS-1 and KAI-1 was down-regulated (P < 0.05) in tumor tissues, compared with non-tumor tissues. The positive rate of KiSS-1 and KAI-1 were down-regulated (P < 0.01) in invasion tissues, compared with para-tumor tissues. Down-regulating expression levels of KiSS-1 and KAI-1 were significantly correlated with some malignant behavior of gallbladder carcinoma. The positive rate of KiSS-1 and KAI-1 were all negatively correlated with the Nevin staging of gallbladder carcinoma (P < 0.01). Moreover, a strong positive correlation was found between the positive expression of KiSS-1 and KAI-1 in gallbladder carcinoma (P < 0.001). It was indicated that KiSS-1 and KAI-1 were all associated with high metastasis potential of gallbladder carcinoma. Conclusion: KiSS-1 and/or KAI-1 may be important markers of reflecting invasive and metastatic potential and prognosis in gallbladder carcinoma, and may be the target genes to inhibit metastasis of gallbladder carcinoma. Detection of the expression of KiSS-1 and/or KAI-1 may have important clinical value for finding early-stage and evaluating the prognosis of gallbladder carcinoma.
