Proteomics is one of the most active research fields in the post-genomic era. Here we briefly introduce the scientific background of the origination of proteomics and its content, research method. The new developments...Proteomics is one of the most active research fields in the post-genomic era. Here we briefly introduce the scientific background of the origination of proteomics and its content, research method. The new developments of proteomics at the levels of individual plants, tissues, organs and organells, as well as its applications in the area of plant genetic diversity, mutant characterization, and plant physiology, etc are reviewed. At last, the challenge and prospect of proteomics are discussed.展开更多
We have conducted a two-color visible-ultraviolet （VIS-UV） resonance-enhanced laser pho- toionization and pulsed field ionization-photoelectron （PFI-PE） study of gaseous vana- dium mononitride （VN） in the total ...We have conducted a two-color visible-ultraviolet （VIS-UV） resonance-enhanced laser pho- toionization and pulsed field ionization-photoelectron （PFI-PE） study of gaseous vana- dium mononitride （VN） in the total energy range of 56900-59020 cm-1. The VN molecules were selectively excited to single rotational levels of the intermediate VN（D3H0, v＇=0） state by using a VIS dye laser prior to photoionization by employing a UV laser. This two-color scheme allows the measurements of rovibronically selected and re- solved PFI-PE spectra for the VN＋（X2A; v＋=0, 1, and 2） ion vibrational bands. By simulating the rotationally resolved PFI-PE spectra, J＋=3/2 is determined to be the lowest rotational level of the ground electronic state, indicating that the symmetry of the ground VN＋ electronic state is 2A3/2. The analysis of the PFI-PE spectra for VN＋ also yields accurate values for the adiabatic ionization energy for the formation of VN＋（X2A3/2）, IE（VN）=56909.5＋0.8 cm-1 （7.05588±0.00010 eV）, the vibrational fre- quency wc＋=1068.0±0.8 cm-1, the anharmonicity constant wc＋Xe＋=5.8±0.8 cm-1, the rotational constants Be＋=0.6563±0.0005 cm-1 and ae＋=0.0069±0.0004 cm-1, and the equi-librium bond length, re＋=1.529A, for VN＋（X2A3/2）; along with the rotational constants Bc＋=0.6578i0.0028 cm-1 and a＋=0.0085±0.0028 cm-1, and the equilibrium bond length re＋=1.527A for VN＋（X2As/2）, and the spin-orbit coupling constant A=153.3±0.8 cm-1 for VN＋（X2/k5/2,3/2）. The highly precise energetic and spectroscopic data obtained in the present study are valuable for benchmarking the predictions based on state-of-the-art ab initio quantum calculations.展开更多
Transparent p-type conducting SnO2/Al/SnO2 multilayer films were fabricated on quartz substrates by radio frequency(RF) sputtering using SnO2 and Al targets. The deposited films were annealed at a fix temperature of 5...Transparent p-type conducting SnO2/Al/SnO2 multilayer films were fabricated on quartz substrates by radio frequency(RF) sputtering using SnO2 and Al targets. The deposited films were annealed at a fix temperature of 500 °C for different time durations(1-8 h). The effect of annealing time on the structural, morphological, optical and electrical performances of SnO2/Al/SnO2 multilayer films was studied. X-ray diffraction(XRD) results show that all the p-type conducting films possess polycrystalline SnO2 with tetragonal rutile structure. Hall-effect results indicate that 500 °C for 1 h is the optimum annealing condition for p-type SnO2/Al/SnO2 multilayer films, resulting in a hole concentration of 1.14×1018 cm-3 and a low resistivity of 1.38 ?·cm, respectively. The optical transmittance of the p-type SnO2/Al/SnO2 multilayer films is above 80% within annealing time range of 1-8 h, showing maximum for the films annealed for 1 h.展开更多
A new method to reduce the reflection-induced phase between the two orthogonal components of the linearly polarized light after the reflections is presented. This kind of sensor head is easier to fabricate and adjust ...A new method to reduce the reflection-induced phase between the two orthogonal components of the linearly polarized light after the reflections is presented. This kind of sensor head is easier to fabricate and adjust than that whose internal reflection is at critical angle.展开更多
In this unified model,we introduce the electron-phonon coupling time(tie) and laser pulse width(tp).For long pulses,it can substitute for the traditional thermal conduction model;while for ultrashort pulses,it can sub...In this unified model,we introduce the electron-phonon coupling time(tie) and laser pulse width(tp).For long pulses,it can substitute for the traditional thermal conduction model;while for ultrashort pulses,it can substitute for the standard two-temperature model.As an example of the gold target,we get the dependence of the electron and ion temperature evolvement on the time and position by solving the thermal conduction equation using the finite-difference time-domain(FDTD) method.It is in good agreement with experimental data.We obtain the critical temperature of the onset of ablation using the Saha equation and then obtain the theoretical value of the laser ablation threshold when the laser pulse width ranges from nano-second to femtosecond timescale,which consists well with the experimental data.展开更多
The study of the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)aimed to reach a deeper understanding of the parameters that control the rate of this reaction is of great importance given the technical relevance of hydrogen producti...The study of the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)aimed to reach a deeper understanding of the parameters that control the rate of this reaction is of great importance given the technical relevance of hydrogen production as an energy vector in the so-called hydrogen economy.In previous works,laser-induced temperature jump(LITJ)experiments on Pt(111)modified with Ni(OH)_(2)in alkaline media have revealed the importance of the interfacial electric field in the rate of the HER.It was hypothesised that small amounts of Ni(OH)_(2)cause a decrease of the electric field because of a negative shift of the pzfc toward the onset of the hydrogen evolution.In this work,to test the validity of this hypothesis,the study has been extended to Pt(111)surfaces modified with Fe(OH)_(2).The modified surfaces have been studied voltammetrically,and the voltammetric charges have been analysed.The voltammograms show a peak in the hydrogen evolution region that suggest the transformation in the adlayer from Fe(II)to Fe(0).In agreement with the coulometric analysis,the voltammetric features in the OH adsorption region would be related with the oxidation to the+3 valence state.The results obtained with LITJ method reflect the existence of a strong interaction of the Fe oxophilic species with the water molecules,shifting the potential of maximum entropy away from the onset of the HER.Hence,the most catalytic surface is the one with the lowest Fe coverage.展开更多
Rare-earth orthoferrite SmFeO3 is an outstanding single-phase multiferroic material,holding great potential in novel low-power electronic devices.Nevertheless,simultaneous magnetic and ferroelectric orders as well as ...Rare-earth orthoferrite SmFeO3 is an outstanding single-phase multiferroic material,holding great potential in novel low-power electronic devices.Nevertheless,simultaneous magnetic and ferroelectric orders as well as magnetoelectric(ME)coupling effect at room temperature(RT)in this system have not been demonstrated yet.In this study,epitaxial SmFeO3 films were successfully prepared onto tensile-strain Nb-SrTiO3(Nb-STO)substrates by a pulsed laser deposition(PLD)method.Measurement results show that the films exhibit obvious ferromagnetic and ferroelectric orders at RT.Meanwhile,the magnetic anisotropy gradually changes from out-of-plane(OP)to in-plane(IP)direction with increasing film thickness,which is attributed to the variations of O 2p-Fe 3d hybridization intensity and Fe 3d-orbit occupancy caused by the strain-relaxed effect.Moreover,electrically driven reversible magnetic switching further proves that the SmFeO3 films exhibit the RT ME coupling effect,suggesting promising applications in new-generation electric-write magnetic-read data storage devices.展开更多
Two measuring methods of the wide absorption spectrum by distributed feedback laser diodes （DFB-LDs） are presented in detecting the water vapor absorption line. One is the subsection scanning method, and it takes ad...Two measuring methods of the wide absorption spectrum by distributed feedback laser diodes （DFB-LDs） are presented in detecting the water vapor absorption line. One is the subsection scanning method, and it takes advantage of the wide spectrum tuning range by the temperature modulation and fast spectrum tuning speed by current modulation. Specifically, this method is realized by dividing a target spectral region into several sections which correspond to the specific temperature of DFB-LD, scanning every section by current modulation for hundreds times, and averaging the data to raise the signal to noise ratio （SNR）, then combining all sections to get the whole spectrum. An accuracy of 10ppmv had been obtained in the measurement of water vapor with a 10-cm path length by this method. Another is data fitting method, based on the absorption line-shape function; the absorption line can be described by fitting with partial measured data. The fitting absorption line was fitted well with the measured data, and the square of correlation coefficient （R-square） was no less than 0.99.展开更多
文摘Proteomics is one of the most active research fields in the post-genomic era. Here we briefly introduce the scientific background of the origination of proteomics and its content, research method. The new developments of proteomics at the levels of individual plants, tissues, organs and organells, as well as its applications in the area of plant genetic diversity, mutant characterization, and plant physiology, etc are reviewed. At last, the challenge and prospect of proteomics are discussed.
文摘We have conducted a two-color visible-ultraviolet （VIS-UV） resonance-enhanced laser pho- toionization and pulsed field ionization-photoelectron （PFI-PE） study of gaseous vana- dium mononitride （VN） in the total energy range of 56900-59020 cm-1. The VN molecules were selectively excited to single rotational levels of the intermediate VN（D3H0, v＇=0） state by using a VIS dye laser prior to photoionization by employing a UV laser. This two-color scheme allows the measurements of rovibronically selected and re- solved PFI-PE spectra for the VN＋（X2A; v＋=0, 1, and 2） ion vibrational bands. By simulating the rotationally resolved PFI-PE spectra, J＋=3/2 is determined to be the lowest rotational level of the ground electronic state, indicating that the symmetry of the ground VN＋ electronic state is 2A3/2. The analysis of the PFI-PE spectra for VN＋ also yields accurate values for the adiabatic ionization energy for the formation of VN＋（X2A3/2）, IE（VN）=56909.5＋0.8 cm-1 （7.05588±0.00010 eV）, the vibrational fre- quency wc＋=1068.0±0.8 cm-1, the anharmonicity constant wc＋Xe＋=5.8±0.8 cm-1, the rotational constants Be＋=0.6563±0.0005 cm-1 and ae＋=0.0069±0.0004 cm-1, and the equi-librium bond length, re＋=1.529A, for VN＋（X2A3/2）; along with the rotational constants Bc＋=0.6578i0.0028 cm-1 and a＋=0.0085±0.0028 cm-1, and the equilibrium bond length re＋=1.527A for VN＋（X2As/2）, and the spin-orbit coupling constant A=153.3±0.8 cm-1 for VN＋（X2/k5/2,3/2）. The highly precise energetic and spectroscopic data obtained in the present study are valuable for benchmarking the predictions based on state-of-the-art ab initio quantum calculations.
基金Project(NIPA-2013-H0301-13-2009) supported by the MKE,Korea,under the ITRC support program supervised by the NIPAProject(2012HIB8A2026212) supported by the MEST and NRF through the Human Resource Training Project for Regional Innovation,Kored
文摘Transparent p-type conducting SnO2/Al/SnO2 multilayer films were fabricated on quartz substrates by radio frequency(RF) sputtering using SnO2 and Al targets. The deposited films were annealed at a fix temperature of 500 °C for different time durations(1-8 h). The effect of annealing time on the structural, morphological, optical and electrical performances of SnO2/Al/SnO2 multilayer films was studied. X-ray diffraction(XRD) results show that all the p-type conducting films possess polycrystalline SnO2 with tetragonal rutile structure. Hall-effect results indicate that 500 °C for 1 h is the optimum annealing condition for p-type SnO2/Al/SnO2 multilayer films, resulting in a hole concentration of 1.14×1018 cm-3 and a low resistivity of 1.38 ?·cm, respectively. The optical transmittance of the p-type SnO2/Al/SnO2 multilayer films is above 80% within annealing time range of 1-8 h, showing maximum for the films annealed for 1 h.
文摘A new method to reduce the reflection-induced phase between the two orthogonal components of the linearly polarized light after the reflections is presented. This kind of sensor head is easier to fabricate and adjust than that whose internal reflection is at critical angle.
文摘In this unified model,we introduce the electron-phonon coupling time(tie) and laser pulse width(tp).For long pulses,it can substitute for the traditional thermal conduction model;while for ultrashort pulses,it can substitute for the standard two-temperature model.As an example of the gold target,we get the dependence of the electron and ion temperature evolvement on the time and position by solving the thermal conduction equation using the finite-difference time-domain(FDTD) method.It is in good agreement with experimental data.We obtain the critical temperature of the onset of ablation using the Saha equation and then obtain the theoretical value of the laser ablation threshold when the laser pulse width ranges from nano-second to femtosecond timescale,which consists well with the experimental data.
基金funded by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spain) (PID2019-105653GB-I00)Generalitat Valenciana (Spain) (PROMETEO/2020/063)。
文摘The study of the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)aimed to reach a deeper understanding of the parameters that control the rate of this reaction is of great importance given the technical relevance of hydrogen production as an energy vector in the so-called hydrogen economy.In previous works,laser-induced temperature jump(LITJ)experiments on Pt(111)modified with Ni(OH)_(2)in alkaline media have revealed the importance of the interfacial electric field in the rate of the HER.It was hypothesised that small amounts of Ni(OH)_(2)cause a decrease of the electric field because of a negative shift of the pzfc toward the onset of the hydrogen evolution.In this work,to test the validity of this hypothesis,the study has been extended to Pt(111)surfaces modified with Fe(OH)_(2).The modified surfaces have been studied voltammetrically,and the voltammetric charges have been analysed.The voltammograms show a peak in the hydrogen evolution region that suggest the transformation in the adlayer from Fe(II)to Fe(0).In agreement with the coulometric analysis,the voltammetric features in the OH adsorption region would be related with the oxidation to the+3 valence state.The results obtained with LITJ method reflect the existence of a strong interaction of the Fe oxophilic species with the water molecules,shifting the potential of maximum entropy away from the onset of the HER.Hence,the most catalytic surface is the one with the lowest Fe coverage.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51871137,51901118,51571136 and 61904099).The authors acknowledge Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility at the Beamline BL08U1A and the National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory at the Beamline BL12-a for the XAS measurements.
文摘Rare-earth orthoferrite SmFeO3 is an outstanding single-phase multiferroic material,holding great potential in novel low-power electronic devices.Nevertheless,simultaneous magnetic and ferroelectric orders as well as magnetoelectric(ME)coupling effect at room temperature(RT)in this system have not been demonstrated yet.In this study,epitaxial SmFeO3 films were successfully prepared onto tensile-strain Nb-SrTiO3(Nb-STO)substrates by a pulsed laser deposition(PLD)method.Measurement results show that the films exhibit obvious ferromagnetic and ferroelectric orders at RT.Meanwhile,the magnetic anisotropy gradually changes from out-of-plane(OP)to in-plane(IP)direction with increasing film thickness,which is attributed to the variations of O 2p-Fe 3d hybridization intensity and Fe 3d-orbit occupancy caused by the strain-relaxed effect.Moreover,electrically driven reversible magnetic switching further proves that the SmFeO3 films exhibit the RT ME coupling effect,suggesting promising applications in new-generation electric-write magnetic-read data storage devices.
基金This work was supported by Natural Science Foundation of China （60977058 ＆ 61205083）, Independent Innovation Foundation of Shandong University （IIFSDU2010JC002 ＆ 2012JC015）, the key technology projects of Shandong Province （2010GGX10137）, and promotive research fund for excellent young and middle-aged scientists of Shandong Province （BS2010DX028）. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author（s） and source are credited.
文摘Two measuring methods of the wide absorption spectrum by distributed feedback laser diodes （DFB-LDs） are presented in detecting the water vapor absorption line. One is the subsection scanning method, and it takes advantage of the wide spectrum tuning range by the temperature modulation and fast spectrum tuning speed by current modulation. Specifically, this method is realized by dividing a target spectral region into several sections which correspond to the specific temperature of DFB-LD, scanning every section by current modulation for hundreds times, and averaging the data to raise the signal to noise ratio （SNR）, then combining all sections to get the whole spectrum. An accuracy of 10ppmv had been obtained in the measurement of water vapor with a 10-cm path length by this method. Another is data fitting method, based on the absorption line-shape function; the absorption line can be described by fitting with partial measured data. The fitting absorption line was fitted well with the measured data, and the square of correlation coefficient （R-square） was no less than 0.99.
