为进一步提高新能源在冷-热-电联供系统(combined cooling heating and power system,CCHP)中的供能比例,在传统CCHP的基础之上,引入新能源供能技术,构建了一种高比例新能源接入的冷-热-电联供系统(high proportion of new energy acces...为进一步提高新能源在冷-热-电联供系统(combined cooling heating and power system,CCHP)中的供能比例,在传统CCHP的基础之上,引入新能源供能技术,构建了一种高比例新能源接入的冷-热-电联供系统(high proportion of new energy access combined cooling heating and power system,HPNE-CCHP)。为了使系统运行更加经济,以HPNE-CCHP系统的总运行成本为目标函数,搭建了混合整数经济调度模型,提出一种自适应混沌粒子群算法(adaptive chaotic particle swarm optimization,ACPSO)对模型进行求解。以中国北方某楼宇为例,构建了HPNECCHP系统,将所提模型及求解算法应用于该建筑的典型日的实际算例中,并与不含太阳能供热的CCHP系统进行了对比。仿真结果表明,该模型可以有效对系统进行调度,提高新能源的利用效率,使系统以更加经济的方式运行。展开更多
冷-热-电联供综合能源系统(integrated energy system with combined cool,heat and power system,IES-CCHP)能够就地消纳分布式风电、光伏,也能够同时满足系统内电动汽车用户的充电需求。然而,电动汽车充电需求、风电出力、光伏出力的...冷-热-电联供综合能源系统(integrated energy system with combined cool,heat and power system,IES-CCHP)能够就地消纳分布式风电、光伏,也能够同时满足系统内电动汽车用户的充电需求。然而,电动汽车充电需求、风电出力、光伏出力的随机性严重影响了IES-CCHP运行的经济性。因此,采用两阶段可调鲁棒优化为IES-CCHP制定日前调度策略以提升系统运行经济性。日前阶段在观测到随机变量前制定能够应对最恶劣运行场景的日前调度策略;实时阶段在确认随机变量实际值后决策实时调度计划修正日前调度策略。优化目标为运行两阶段运行总成本最小,模型采用非精确狄利克雷模型挖掘历史数据构建不确定集描述随机变量,并进一步采用对偶理论、大M法、列与约束生成(columnand-constraint generation,C&CG)等方法,迭代求解上述两阶段模型。最后,通过算例分析证明了所提模型与方法的有效性。展开更多
为考核微型燃料电池热-电联供系统的热量利用程度,采集了一年中日本某家庭使用的1 k W质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的微型热-电联产系统各单元的数据,进行统计与分析,从热量利用的角度,计算各单元热量输入输出效率。结果表明,储热水箱散...为考核微型燃料电池热-电联供系统的热量利用程度,采集了一年中日本某家庭使用的1 k W质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的微型热-电联产系统各单元的数据,进行统计与分析,从热量利用的角度,计算各单元热量输入输出效率。结果表明,储热水箱散热与输运管道散热是系统热损失较多的薄弱环节。相关统计与分析,对改进类似热-电联产系统,进一步提高能源综合利用效率具有参考意义。展开更多
The universal mathematical model of an engine is established,and an economical zone,in which an engine mainly provides medium output load at medium speed,is presented.Based on the experimental data and the universal m...The universal mathematical model of an engine is established,and an economical zone,in which an engine mainly provides medium output load at medium speed,is presented.Based on the experimental data and the universal model of such an engine above,a mathematical model of a refitted engine is provided.The boundary of the corresponding economical zone is further demarcated,and the optimal operating curve and the operating point of the engine are analyzed.Then,the energy transforming models of the power system are established in the mode of cooling,heating and power（MCHP）,the mode of heating and power（MHP）and the mode of electricity powering（MEP）.The parameter matching of the power system is optimized according to the transmission ratios of the gear box in the power distribution system.The results show that,in the MCHP,the speed transmission ratio of the engine to the gear box（ies）and the speed transmission ratio of the motor to the gear box（ims）are defined as 2.9 and 1,respectively;in the MHP,when the demand load of the power system is less than the low critical load of the economical zone,the speed transmission ratio of the motor to the engine（ime）is equal to 1,and when the demand load of the power system exceeds the low critical load of the economical zone,ime equals 0.85;in the MEP,the optimal value of ims is defined as 2.5.展开更多
The increasing pace of urbanization means that cities and global organizations are looking for ways to increase energy efficiency and reduce emissions. Combined cooling, heating, and power （CCHP） systems have the po...The increasing pace of urbanization means that cities and global organizations are looking for ways to increase energy efficiency and reduce emissions. Combined cooling, heating, and power （CCHP） systems have the potential to improve the energy generation efficiency of a city or urban region by providing energy for heating, cooling, and electricity simultaneously. The purpose of this study is to estimate the water consumption for energy generation use, carbon dioxide （CO2） and NOx emissions, and economic impact of implementing CCHP systems for five generic building types within the Atlanta metropolitan region, under various operational scenarios following the building thermal （heating and cooling） demands. Operating the CCHP system to follow the hourly thermal demand reduces CO2 emissions for most building types both with and without net metering. The system can be economically beneficial for all building types depending on the price of natural gas, the implementation of net metering, and the cost structure assumed for the CCHP system. The greatest reduction in water consumption for energy production and NOx emissions occurs when there is net metering and when the system is operated to meet the maximum yearly thermal demand, although this scenario also results in an increase in greenhouse gas emissions and, in some cases, cost. CCHP systems are more economical for medium office, large office, and multifamilv residential buildings.展开更多
提出了一种耦合液化天然气压力能的新型冷-热-电联供(CCHP,combined cooling,heating and power)系统.以西安某工业园为研究对象,采用单纯形算法,以经济性最优为目标函数对系统的运行参数进行了优化,分析了电上网政策对设备出力和系统...提出了一种耦合液化天然气压力能的新型冷-热-电联供(CCHP,combined cooling,heating and power)系统.以西安某工业园为研究对象,采用单纯形算法,以经济性最优为目标函数对系统的运行参数进行了优化,分析了电上网政策对设备出力和系统性能的影响,并以能效、火用效和单位产能CO;排放量作为评价指标,对该系统进行了综合评价.结果表明,与常规CCHP系统相比,该新型系统的年费用和单位产能CO;排放量可分别减少2.9×10;元和29.82 g/(kW·h),一次能源利用率和火用效率可分别提高4.05%和0.44%.展开更多
In order to improve the energy efficiency, reduce the CO2 emission and decrease the cost, a cogenera- tion system for desalination water, heat and power production was studied in this paper. The superstructure of the ...In order to improve the energy efficiency, reduce the CO2 emission and decrease the cost, a cogenera- tion system for desalination water, heat and power production was studied in this paper. The superstructure of the cogeneration system consisted of a coal-based thermal power plant （TPP）, a multi-stage flash desalination （MSF） module and reverse osmosis desalination （RO） module. For different demands of water, heat and power production, the corresponding optimal production structure was different. After reasonable simplification, the process model ot each unit was built. The economical model, including the unit investment, and operation and maintenance cost, was presented. By solving this non-linear programming （NLP） model, whose objective is to minimize the annual cost, an optimal cogeneration system can be obtained. Compared to separate production systems, the optimal system can reduce 16.1%-21.7% of the total annual cost. showing this design method was effective.展开更多
A DC （data center） demands air-conditioning power as large as the 1/3-1/2 of total electricity consumption. Thus, energy saving of cooling power of DC yields considerable effect on both economic and environmental vi...A DC （data center） demands air-conditioning power as large as the 1/3-1/2 of total electricity consumption. Thus, energy saving of cooling power of DC yields considerable effect on both economic and environmental views. PV （Photovoltaic） and absorption refrigerator with CGS （cogeneration systems） or gas boiler are possible power saving options. The waste warm air from DC would be utilized for greenhouse heating when DC and greenhouse locate near in the suburbs. In this study, the authors develop an energy network model to assess the potential contribution of DC as a major electric power and chilled air consumer as well as the warm air supplier in a district to the energy efficiency improvement. The evaporation heat of LNG （liquefied natural gas） utilization is also considered as well as PV, CGS. This model is applied to the cases of the urban area in Tokyo which involves athletic center, shops and hospital and the suburbs including greenhouse and then compared.展开更多
A concept of energy saving & efficiency improving from cold source for cogeneration steam turbine was discussed herein. A new type "NCB" cogeneration steam turbine was proposed,which could considerably i...A concept of energy saving & efficiency improving from cold source for cogeneration steam turbine was discussed herein. A new type "NCB" cogeneration steam turbine was proposed,which could considerably increase heat supply capacity,thermal efficiency and electric power. Taking 300 MW cogeneration steam turbine as an example,the results show that heat supply capacity reaches the maximum,i.e. increases by 30 %,thermal efficiency is improved by 12 %,and electric power is enhanced by 15 MW during peak heat load.展开更多
Energy conservation in heating systems has great influence on overall sustainable development strategy. Heating technology, especially combined heat and power(CHP, cogeneration), has been attracting increased interest...Energy conservation in heating systems has great influence on overall sustainable development strategy. Heating technology, especially combined heat and power(CHP, cogeneration), has been attracting increased interest and rapidly developing in recent years. However, the theoretical potential of heating from the perspective of thermodynamics has not been clearly illustrated. This paper presents a theoretical analysis of heating systems based on the 1st and 2nd laws of thermodynamics using the specific fuel consumption(SFC) analysis method, clarifies the theoretical potential limitation of heating systems and illustrates the process of reversible heating on the basis of the total energy system. A novel concept(green heating, GH) and a new indicator(green-heating index, GH Index) are scientifically defined to characterise different options for heating and to quantitatively evaluate their fuel consumption levels. Thereafter, the fuel consumptions of four typical space heating modes are compared and discussed to present the application of GH theory and validate the power of the proposed concept and index. Furthermore, two different CHP technologies are analyzed with an instantiation case, and a novel CHP system is recommended, which may scientifically support the development of heating technology and further improve the processes of energy-saving and CO2 reduction.展开更多
文摘为进一步提高新能源在冷-热-电联供系统(combined cooling heating and power system,CCHP)中的供能比例,在传统CCHP的基础之上,引入新能源供能技术,构建了一种高比例新能源接入的冷-热-电联供系统(high proportion of new energy access combined cooling heating and power system,HPNE-CCHP)。为了使系统运行更加经济,以HPNE-CCHP系统的总运行成本为目标函数,搭建了混合整数经济调度模型,提出一种自适应混沌粒子群算法(adaptive chaotic particle swarm optimization,ACPSO)对模型进行求解。以中国北方某楼宇为例,构建了HPNECCHP系统,将所提模型及求解算法应用于该建筑的典型日的实际算例中,并与不含太阳能供热的CCHP系统进行了对比。仿真结果表明,该模型可以有效对系统进行调度,提高新能源的利用效率,使系统以更加经济的方式运行。
文摘冷-热-电联供综合能源系统(integrated energy system with combined cool,heat and power system,IES-CCHP)能够就地消纳分布式风电、光伏,也能够同时满足系统内电动汽车用户的充电需求。然而,电动汽车充电需求、风电出力、光伏出力的随机性严重影响了IES-CCHP运行的经济性。因此,采用两阶段可调鲁棒优化为IES-CCHP制定日前调度策略以提升系统运行经济性。日前阶段在观测到随机变量前制定能够应对最恶劣运行场景的日前调度策略;实时阶段在确认随机变量实际值后决策实时调度计划修正日前调度策略。优化目标为运行两阶段运行总成本最小,模型采用非精确狄利克雷模型挖掘历史数据构建不确定集描述随机变量,并进一步采用对偶理论、大M法、列与约束生成(columnand-constraint generation,C&CG)等方法,迭代求解上述两阶段模型。最后,通过算例分析证明了所提模型与方法的有效性。
文摘为考核微型燃料电池热-电联供系统的热量利用程度,采集了一年中日本某家庭使用的1 k W质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的微型热-电联产系统各单元的数据,进行统计与分析,从热量利用的角度,计算各单元热量输入输出效率。结果表明,储热水箱散热与输运管道散热是系统热损失较多的薄弱环节。相关统计与分析,对改进类似热-电联产系统,进一步提高能源综合利用效率具有参考意义。
基金The Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(No.2009112TSJ0124)
文摘The universal mathematical model of an engine is established,and an economical zone,in which an engine mainly provides medium output load at medium speed,is presented.Based on the experimental data and the universal model of such an engine above,a mathematical model of a refitted engine is provided.The boundary of the corresponding economical zone is further demarcated,and the optimal operating curve and the operating point of the engine are analyzed.Then,the energy transforming models of the power system are established in the mode of cooling,heating and power（MCHP）,the mode of heating and power（MHP）and the mode of electricity powering（MEP）.The parameter matching of the power system is optimized according to the transmission ratios of the gear box in the power distribution system.The results show that,in the MCHP,the speed transmission ratio of the engine to the gear box（ies）and the speed transmission ratio of the motor to the gear box（ims）are defined as 2.9 and 1,respectively;in the MHP,when the demand load of the power system is less than the low critical load of the economical zone,the speed transmission ratio of the motor to the engine（ime）is equal to 1,and when the demand load of the power system exceeds the low critical load of the economical zone,ime equals 0.85;in the MEP,the optimal value of ims is defined as 2.5.
基金This work was partially supported by the Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems, the Hightower Chair, Georgia Research Alliance, and grants （083604, 1441208） from the US National Science Foundation Program for Emerging Frontiers in Research and Innovation （EFRI）.
文摘The increasing pace of urbanization means that cities and global organizations are looking for ways to increase energy efficiency and reduce emissions. Combined cooling, heating, and power （CCHP） systems have the potential to improve the energy generation efficiency of a city or urban region by providing energy for heating, cooling, and electricity simultaneously. The purpose of this study is to estimate the water consumption for energy generation use, carbon dioxide （CO2） and NOx emissions, and economic impact of implementing CCHP systems for five generic building types within the Atlanta metropolitan region, under various operational scenarios following the building thermal （heating and cooling） demands. Operating the CCHP system to follow the hourly thermal demand reduces CO2 emissions for most building types both with and without net metering. The system can be economically beneficial for all building types depending on the price of natural gas, the implementation of net metering, and the cost structure assumed for the CCHP system. The greatest reduction in water consumption for energy production and NOx emissions occurs when there is net metering and when the system is operated to meet the maximum yearly thermal demand, although this scenario also results in an increase in greenhouse gas emissions and, in some cases, cost. CCHP systems are more economical for medium office, large office, and multifamilv residential buildings.
文摘提出了一种耦合液化天然气压力能的新型冷-热-电联供(CCHP,combined cooling,heating and power)系统.以西安某工业园为研究对象,采用单纯形算法,以经济性最优为目标函数对系统的运行参数进行了优化,分析了电上网政策对设备出力和系统性能的影响,并以能效、火用效和单位产能CO;排放量作为评价指标,对该系统进行了综合评价.结果表明,与常规CCHP系统相比,该新型系统的年费用和单位产能CO;排放量可分别减少2.9×10;元和29.82 g/(kW·h),一次能源利用率和火用效率可分别提高4.05%和0.44%.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21076202)
文摘In order to improve the energy efficiency, reduce the CO2 emission and decrease the cost, a cogenera- tion system for desalination water, heat and power production was studied in this paper. The superstructure of the cogeneration system consisted of a coal-based thermal power plant （TPP）, a multi-stage flash desalination （MSF） module and reverse osmosis desalination （RO） module. For different demands of water, heat and power production, the corresponding optimal production structure was different. After reasonable simplification, the process model ot each unit was built. The economical model, including the unit investment, and operation and maintenance cost, was presented. By solving this non-linear programming （NLP） model, whose objective is to minimize the annual cost, an optimal cogeneration system can be obtained. Compared to separate production systems, the optimal system can reduce 16.1%-21.7% of the total annual cost. showing this design method was effective.
文摘A DC （data center） demands air-conditioning power as large as the 1/3-1/2 of total electricity consumption. Thus, energy saving of cooling power of DC yields considerable effect on both economic and environmental views. PV （Photovoltaic） and absorption refrigerator with CGS （cogeneration systems） or gas boiler are possible power saving options. The waste warm air from DC would be utilized for greenhouse heating when DC and greenhouse locate near in the suburbs. In this study, the authors develop an energy network model to assess the potential contribution of DC as a major electric power and chilled air consumer as well as the warm air supplier in a district to the energy efficiency improvement. The evaporation heat of LNG （liquefied natural gas） utilization is also considered as well as PV, CGS. This model is applied to the cases of the urban area in Tokyo which involves athletic center, shops and hospital and the suburbs including greenhouse and then compared.
文摘A concept of energy saving & efficiency improving from cold source for cogeneration steam turbine was discussed herein. A new type "NCB" cogeneration steam turbine was proposed,which could considerably increase heat supply capacity,thermal efficiency and electric power. Taking 300 MW cogeneration steam turbine as an example,the results show that heat supply capacity reaches the maximum,i.e. increases by 30 %,thermal efficiency is improved by 12 %,and electric power is enhanced by 15 MW during peak heat load.
基金supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program(Grant No.2014BAA06B01)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U1261210 and 51306050)
文摘Energy conservation in heating systems has great influence on overall sustainable development strategy. Heating technology, especially combined heat and power(CHP, cogeneration), has been attracting increased interest and rapidly developing in recent years. However, the theoretical potential of heating from the perspective of thermodynamics has not been clearly illustrated. This paper presents a theoretical analysis of heating systems based on the 1st and 2nd laws of thermodynamics using the specific fuel consumption(SFC) analysis method, clarifies the theoretical potential limitation of heating systems and illustrates the process of reversible heating on the basis of the total energy system. A novel concept(green heating, GH) and a new indicator(green-heating index, GH Index) are scientifically defined to characterise different options for heating and to quantitatively evaluate their fuel consumption levels. Thereafter, the fuel consumptions of four typical space heating modes are compared and discussed to present the application of GH theory and validate the power of the proposed concept and index. Furthermore, two different CHP technologies are analyzed with an instantiation case, and a novel CHP system is recommended, which may scientifically support the development of heating technology and further improve the processes of energy-saving and CO2 reduction.
