[Objective] The paper was to precisely predict nutrient requirements and optimize ration formula, and explore the inherent feature of ration optimization of dairy cow. [Method] Based on cornell net carbohydrate and pr...[Objective] The paper was to precisely predict nutrient requirements and optimize ration formula, and explore the inherent feature of ration optimization of dairy cow. [Method] Based on cornell net carbohydrate and protein system （CNCPS） with integrating dynamic prediction models on main nutrient requirements of dairy cattle recommended by NRC （2001） and the CNCPS parameter database accumu- lated by Chinese feed database, the ration nutrient requirement dynamic calculation and total mixed ration （TMR） formula optimizing system for Holstein dairy cow was developed using FOXPRO database system and parametric linear programming algo- rithm. [Result] By optimizing a specific cow ration and analyzing its completed nutri- ents, the results showed that this system could entirely consider a lots of nutrient balances, such as concentrate fraction and forage fraction balance, rumen degrad- able protein and rumen undergradable protein balance, crude protein and lactation net energy balance, fibrous substances （ADF, NDF） and non-fiber carbohydrates （NFC） balance, calcium and phosphate balance, electrolytes balance and trace ele- ment balance etc., and could also calculate intestinal amino acid flow in terms of different models. [Conclusion] By using dynamic mathematical equations and comput- erized program, it can be realized for the ration formula design of lactating cow with all-round interoperable but mutual-constraining each other among ration nutrients.展开更多
The objective of this study was to assess the occurrence of metabolic disorders in periparturient low milk production （〈 15 kg/d） dairy cows. Data were collected between April 2009 and April 2010 from randomly sele...The objective of this study was to assess the occurrence of metabolic disorders in periparturient low milk production （〈 15 kg/d） dairy cows. Data were collected between April 2009 and April 2010 from randomly selected Holstein crossed breed dairy cow and heifer （30 cows ＇,and 10 heifers） on faculty farm of faculty of Natural Resources Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Skon-nakon Campus. Blood samples were collected weekly from each cow, starting 2 weeks before expected calving until 4 weeks postpartum. Serum was analyzed for NEFA and BHBA. The critical threshold for [NEFA] was defined as： 〉 0.4 mmol/L when 〈 -7 to 0 DIM, and 〉 0.7 mmol/L when 3 DIM. Postpartum sub-clinical ketosis （SK） was defined using [BHBA] 〉 14.4 mg/dl. The prevalence of elevated NEFA was 82.5%, 27.5%, 27.5% 7.5% and 7.5% in the dry period, 1st, 2nd 3rd and 5th weeks of lactation, respectively. The prevalence of SK was 12.5% at 2nd weeks of lactation. High prevalence of elevated NEFA during dry period through first 2 weeks of postpartum indicated that periparturient dairy cows suffered some degree of negative energy balance （NEB）. These resulted indicated that though, milk yield of these cows were not that high, NEB and ketosis are still major nutrient-related problems.展开更多
Objective： Antrodia camphorata （AC）, a precious medicinal mushroom in Taiwan, is popularly used for adjuvant cancer therapy. This paper aims to clarify the metabolites which are present in tumor tissues after oral ...Objective： Antrodia camphorata （AC）, a precious medicinal mushroom in Taiwan, is popularly used for adjuvant cancer therapy. This paper aims to clarify the metabolites which are present in tumor tissues after oral administration of AC in Sarcoma-180 tumor-bearing mice, as well as their contents in tumors. Methods： Tumors of Sarcoma-180 tumor-bearing mice were obtained at 1 h and 4 h after oral administration of AC extract, and the metabolites in the tumor homogenate samples were characterized using UHPLC-orbitrap/MS analysis. Then, a fully validated LC-MS/MS method was developed for quantitative analysis of the most abundant compounds in tumor tissues, namely （25R/S）-antcin H. Results： A total of 33 compounds were characterized in tumor homogenate samples including 28 prototypes of triterpenoids and 5 metabolites. Among them, （25R）-antcin H and （25S）-antcin H had the highest contents of 2.03 and 0.66 μg/g tumor tissues for the 1 h group, and 2.04 and 0.59 μg/g tumor tissues for the 4 h group, respectively. It was obvious that （25R）-antcin H had higher tumor affinity than （25S）-antcin H, since the content of （25R）-antcin H was lower than that of （25S）-antcin H in AC extract （P 〈 0.01）. Conclusion： Triterpenoids can enter tumor tissues after oral administration of AC. Particularly, （25R）-antcin H showed higher exposure to tumor than （25S）-antcin H. These compounds could contribute to the anticancer activities of AC.展开更多
A pharmacokinetic comparison of gossypol isomers in cattle was made by investigating their transfer from ingested food to plasma and their degradation by rumen microbes. The gossypol isomers in whole cottonseed, plasm...A pharmacokinetic comparison of gossypol isomers in cattle was made by investigating their transfer from ingested food to plasma and their degradation by rumen microbes. The gossypol isomers in whole cottonseed, plasma, and rumen fluid were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The intakes of(+)-and(-)-gossypol by cows on three farms were about 5.6–8.5 and 3.8–5.9 g/(d·herd), respectively. The plasma gossypol concentrations increased as ingestion increased and ranged from 0.31 to 0.48 μg/ml for the(+) form and from 0.39 to 0.59 μg/ml for the(-) form. The(+) form was slightly predominant(58.8%–59.8%) in the gossypol ingested by the cows, whereas the(-) form predominated(54.6%–55.9%) in the plasma. An in vitro study showed that at 6 h, 67.4% and 85.7% of the(-)-gossypol were degraded in 500 and 1000 μg/g treatment groups, respectively, and these increased to 83.6% and 92.5%, respectively, at 12 h. The regularity of the degradation of(+)-gossypol was similar to that of(-)-gossypol. These results showed that(-)-gossypol may be more persistent than(+)-gossypol in plasma, and that the degradation of the gossypol isomers in the rumen is rapid and not enantioselective in cattle.展开更多
基金Supported by National "973" Program(2011CB100805)Optional Subjects of State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition(2008DA12518G0809)~~
文摘[Objective] The paper was to precisely predict nutrient requirements and optimize ration formula, and explore the inherent feature of ration optimization of dairy cow. [Method] Based on cornell net carbohydrate and protein system （CNCPS） with integrating dynamic prediction models on main nutrient requirements of dairy cattle recommended by NRC （2001） and the CNCPS parameter database accumu- lated by Chinese feed database, the ration nutrient requirement dynamic calculation and total mixed ration （TMR） formula optimizing system for Holstein dairy cow was developed using FOXPRO database system and parametric linear programming algo- rithm. [Result] By optimizing a specific cow ration and analyzing its completed nutri- ents, the results showed that this system could entirely consider a lots of nutrient balances, such as concentrate fraction and forage fraction balance, rumen degrad- able protein and rumen undergradable protein balance, crude protein and lactation net energy balance, fibrous substances （ADF, NDF） and non-fiber carbohydrates （NFC） balance, calcium and phosphate balance, electrolytes balance and trace ele- ment balance etc., and could also calculate intestinal amino acid flow in terms of different models. [Conclusion] By using dynamic mathematical equations and comput- erized program, it can be realized for the ration formula design of lactating cow with all-round interoperable but mutual-constraining each other among ration nutrients.
文摘The objective of this study was to assess the occurrence of metabolic disorders in periparturient low milk production （〈 15 kg/d） dairy cows. Data were collected between April 2009 and April 2010 from randomly selected Holstein crossed breed dairy cow and heifer （30 cows ＇,and 10 heifers） on faculty farm of faculty of Natural Resources Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Skon-nakon Campus. Blood samples were collected weekly from each cow, starting 2 weeks before expected calving until 4 weeks postpartum. Serum was analyzed for NEFA and BHBA. The critical threshold for [NEFA] was defined as： 〉 0.4 mmol/L when 〈 -7 to 0 DIM, and 〉 0.7 mmol/L when 3 DIM. Postpartum sub-clinical ketosis （SK） was defined using [BHBA] 〉 14.4 mg/dl. The prevalence of elevated NEFA was 82.5%, 27.5%, 27.5% 7.5% and 7.5% in the dry period, 1st, 2nd 3rd and 5th weeks of lactation, respectively. The prevalence of SK was 12.5% at 2nd weeks of lactation. High prevalence of elevated NEFA during dry period through first 2 weeks of postpartum indicated that periparturient dairy cows suffered some degree of negative energy balance （NEB）. These resulted indicated that though, milk yield of these cows were not that high, NEB and ketosis are still major nutrient-related problems.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81303294）, the National Key Research and Development Program of China （No. 2017YFC1700405）, and Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST （2016QNRC001）.
文摘Objective： Antrodia camphorata （AC）, a precious medicinal mushroom in Taiwan, is popularly used for adjuvant cancer therapy. This paper aims to clarify the metabolites which are present in tumor tissues after oral administration of AC in Sarcoma-180 tumor-bearing mice, as well as their contents in tumors. Methods： Tumors of Sarcoma-180 tumor-bearing mice were obtained at 1 h and 4 h after oral administration of AC extract, and the metabolites in the tumor homogenate samples were characterized using UHPLC-orbitrap/MS analysis. Then, a fully validated LC-MS/MS method was developed for quantitative analysis of the most abundant compounds in tumor tissues, namely （25R/S）-antcin H. Results： A total of 33 compounds were characterized in tumor homogenate samples including 28 prototypes of triterpenoids and 5 metabolites. Among them, （25R）-antcin H and （25S）-antcin H had the highest contents of 2.03 and 0.66 μg/g tumor tissues for the 1 h group, and 2.04 and 0.59 μg/g tumor tissues for the 4 h group, respectively. It was obvious that （25R）-antcin H had higher tumor affinity than （25S）-antcin H, since the content of （25R）-antcin H was lower than that of （25S）-antcin H in AC extract （P 〈 0.01）. Conclusion： Triterpenoids can enter tumor tissues after oral administration of AC. Particularly, （25R）-antcin H showed higher exposure to tumor than （25S）-antcin H. These compounds could contribute to the anticancer activities of AC.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31472123)
文摘A pharmacokinetic comparison of gossypol isomers in cattle was made by investigating their transfer from ingested food to plasma and their degradation by rumen microbes. The gossypol isomers in whole cottonseed, plasma, and rumen fluid were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The intakes of(+)-and(-)-gossypol by cows on three farms were about 5.6–8.5 and 3.8–5.9 g/(d·herd), respectively. The plasma gossypol concentrations increased as ingestion increased and ranged from 0.31 to 0.48 μg/ml for the(+) form and from 0.39 to 0.59 μg/ml for the(-) form. The(+) form was slightly predominant(58.8%–59.8%) in the gossypol ingested by the cows, whereas the(-) form predominated(54.6%–55.9%) in the plasma. An in vitro study showed that at 6 h, 67.4% and 85.7% of the(-)-gossypol were degraded in 500 and 1000 μg/g treatment groups, respectively, and these increased to 83.6% and 92.5%, respectively, at 12 h. The regularity of the degradation of(+)-gossypol was similar to that of(-)-gossypol. These results showed that(-)-gossypol may be more persistent than(+)-gossypol in plasma, and that the degradation of the gossypol isomers in the rumen is rapid and not enantioselective in cattle.
