With the increased use of copper （Cu）-based antifouling （AF） paints, copper has become a potential threat to marine organisms. Experiments were performed to investigate the effects of copper on larvae of the barna...With the increased use of copper （Cu）-based antifouling （AF） paints, copper has become a potential threat to marine organisms. Experiments were performed to investigate the effects of copper on larvae of the barnacle Chthamalus challengeri. These experiments attempted to identify a more sensitive index to monitor copper pollution in marine environments. The 24 h LC_50 ranged from 156.07 μg/L （nauplius Ⅱ） to 817.15μg/L （cypris） and the no observed effect concentration （NOEC） ranged from 81.75 μg/L （nauplius Ⅱ） to 571.04 μg/L （cypris）. The cypris settlement rate declined significantly when copper concentrations 〉135 μg/L. No cypris was found in the copper concentration of 60 and 75 μg/L treatment groups stressed for 22 d. Nauplius Ⅱ moulting was not affected by exposure to copper for 24 h; however, when extended to 48 h, the percent moulted in 75 μg/L treatment group was declined to 37.12%, which was significant lower （P〈0.05） than that in the control group. The phototaxis of nauplius II decreased significantly when copper concentrations _〉45 μg/L. Despite an initial significant increase at copper concentrations of 30 μg/L, ammonia excretion rate decreased when copper concentrations ≥60 μg/L. These results suggested that： （1） nauplius Ⅱ could not develop to the cypris when the copper concentration ≥60 μg/L; （2） cypris settlement is more susceptible to copper than cypris mortality rate; （3） nauplius II is the most sensitive larval stage; （4） nauplius II ammonia excretion rate is the most sensitive index to copper and might be as the indicator for copper pollution monitoring.展开更多
The choice of a suitable species to translate pollution signals into a quantitative monitor is a fundamental step in biomonitoring plans. Here we present the results of three years of biomonitoring at a new coal power...The choice of a suitable species to translate pollution signals into a quantitative monitor is a fundamental step in biomonitoring plans. Here we present the results of three years of biomonitoring at a new coal power plant in central Italy using three different aquatic and terrestrial wildlife species in order to compare their reliability as sentinel organisms for genotoxicity. The comet assay was applied to the common land snail Helix spp., the lagoon fish Aphaniusfasciatus, and the green frog Rana esculenta sampled in the area potentially exposed to the impact of the power station. The tissue concentration of some expected pollutants （As, Cd, Ni, Pb, Cr） was analysed in parallel samples collected in the same sampling sites. The three species showed different values in the comet assay （Tail Intensity） and different accumulation profiles of heavy metals. Aphanius fasciatus showed an increasing genotoxic effect over time that paralleled the temporal increase of the heavy metals, especially arsenic, and the highest correlation between heavy metals and DNA damage. Helix spp. showed levels of damage inversely related to the distance from the source of pollution and in partial accordance with the total accumulation of trace elements. On the contrary, Rana esculenta showed a low capability to accumulate metals and had inconsistent results in the comet test. The fish appeared to be the most efficient and sensitive species in detecting chemical pollution. Overall, both the fish and the snail reflected a trend of increasing pollution in the area surrounding the power plant across time and space [Current Zoology 60 （2）： 308-321, 2014].展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.3107045820)the State Oceanic Administration Public Welfare Project(Nos.201305009,201305009-4,201005007)
文摘With the increased use of copper （Cu）-based antifouling （AF） paints, copper has become a potential threat to marine organisms. Experiments were performed to investigate the effects of copper on larvae of the barnacle Chthamalus challengeri. These experiments attempted to identify a more sensitive index to monitor copper pollution in marine environments. The 24 h LC_50 ranged from 156.07 μg/L （nauplius Ⅱ） to 817.15μg/L （cypris） and the no observed effect concentration （NOEC） ranged from 81.75 μg/L （nauplius Ⅱ） to 571.04 μg/L （cypris）. The cypris settlement rate declined significantly when copper concentrations 〉135 μg/L. No cypris was found in the copper concentration of 60 and 75 μg/L treatment groups stressed for 22 d. Nauplius Ⅱ moulting was not affected by exposure to copper for 24 h; however, when extended to 48 h, the percent moulted in 75 μg/L treatment group was declined to 37.12%, which was significant lower （P〈0.05） than that in the control group. The phototaxis of nauplius II decreased significantly when copper concentrations _〉45 μg/L. Despite an initial significant increase at copper concentrations of 30 μg/L, ammonia excretion rate decreased when copper concentrations ≥60 μg/L. These results suggested that： （1） nauplius Ⅱ could not develop to the cypris when the copper concentration ≥60 μg/L; （2） cypris settlement is more susceptible to copper than cypris mortality rate; （3） nauplius II is the most sensitive larval stage; （4） nauplius II ammonia excretion rate is the most sensitive index to copper and might be as the indicator for copper pollution monitoring.
文摘The choice of a suitable species to translate pollution signals into a quantitative monitor is a fundamental step in biomonitoring plans. Here we present the results of three years of biomonitoring at a new coal power plant in central Italy using three different aquatic and terrestrial wildlife species in order to compare their reliability as sentinel organisms for genotoxicity. The comet assay was applied to the common land snail Helix spp., the lagoon fish Aphaniusfasciatus, and the green frog Rana esculenta sampled in the area potentially exposed to the impact of the power station. The tissue concentration of some expected pollutants （As, Cd, Ni, Pb, Cr） was analysed in parallel samples collected in the same sampling sites. The three species showed different values in the comet assay （Tail Intensity） and different accumulation profiles of heavy metals. Aphanius fasciatus showed an increasing genotoxic effect over time that paralleled the temporal increase of the heavy metals, especially arsenic, and the highest correlation between heavy metals and DNA damage. Helix spp. showed levels of damage inversely related to the distance from the source of pollution and in partial accordance with the total accumulation of trace elements. On the contrary, Rana esculenta showed a low capability to accumulate metals and had inconsistent results in the comet test. The fish appeared to be the most efficient and sensitive species in detecting chemical pollution. Overall, both the fish and the snail reflected a trend of increasing pollution in the area surrounding the power plant across time and space [Current Zoology 60 （2）： 308-321, 2014].
