Yulin section is a typical sedimentary record for reflecting the environmental evolution of Ordos Desert, China in the past 1.1Ma. By analyzing its sequence and grain-size composition some views have been put forward ...Yulin section is a typical sedimentary record for reflecting the environmental evolution of Ordos Desert, China in the past 1.1Ma. By analyzing its sequence and grain-size composition some views have been put forward in this paper as follows. The layers of sand, loess and palaeosol in Yulin section were respectively formed by wind and the pedogenesis on parent material of the sand and loess. Since 1.1Ma B. P., Ordos Desert has alternately experienced 11 stages of shifting dunes under extreme cold-dry climatic environment, 7 stages of fixed and semi-fixed dunes and 8 stages of dust (loess) under cold-dry climatic condition; and the pedogenesis environment under 15 times of warm-humid climate and 3 times of temperate-humid climate (brownish-drab soils and black soils formed respectively). The aeolian sand had already existed in Ordos Desert at latest by 1.1Ma B. P., and from that time on it has undergone a series of alternative processes of shifting sands, fixed and semi-fixed dunes, loess and soils. Ordos Desert has been situated in the transitional belt of the Mongolian High Pressure and margin of the southeast summer monsoon since 1.1Ma B. P., and influenced repeatedly by migration of the lithofacies belts of shifting sands, fixed and semi-fixed dunes, loess and soils, which have been caused by the climatic fluctuations of glacial and interglacial periods.展开更多
Based on the data about sedimentary facies and palaeogeography, this paper proves the existence of the Cathaysia (the part in eastern Zhejiang and northern Fujian, the same hereinafter) and makes a survey about its pa...Based on the data about sedimentary facies and palaeogeography, this paper proves the existence of the Cathaysia (the part in eastern Zhejiang and northern Fujian, the same hereinafter) and makes a survey about its palaeogeography since Sinian Period. It also discusses the evolution of the tectonic environment of this region during Phanerozoic Eon, according to the features such as the composition of sandstones derived from the old land and alkalinity of volcanic rocks and so on. Continuous uplifting was maintained in Cathaysia during Sinian Period and Paleozoic Era, typically with no significant tectono-magmatic activity being observed. Its northwestern margin belongs to the type of passive continental margin during the middle and late phase of Caledonian Cycle. It showed the characteristics of a steady continent in late Paleozoic era, but was turned quickly into an active continental margin after the middle Jurassic period.展开更多
Maceral composition and aromatic compounds were determined on columnsamples to study the peat-forming environments of Permian coal seam 2 and Carboniferouscoal seam 9^(-2) from the Xingtai coalfield,China.The macerals...Maceral composition and aromatic compounds were determined on columnsamples to study the peat-forming environments of Permian coal seam 2 and Carboniferouscoal seam 9^(-2) from the Xingtai coalfield,China.The macerals were dominated by inertinitein seam 2 and by vitrinite in seam 9^(-2).Three maceral groups were selected as indicatorsof peat-forming environments.Two triangle diagrams were drawn based on the indicatorsto explicate the peat-forming environments of permian seam 2 and Carboniferousseam 9^(-2).The results indicate that the peat of carboniferous seam 9^(-2) formed dominantlyin wet swamps,whereas the peat of Permian seam 2 formed dominantly in dry swampsand open moor environments.展开更多
Based on the screening analysis for the first time in Montenegro, water samples for the presence of emergent wereanalyzed. Results from the locality Vukovci, the lower course of the river Morale, have shown the presen...Based on the screening analysis for the first time in Montenegro, water samples for the presence of emergent wereanalyzed. Results from the locality Vukovci, the lower course of the river Morale, have shown the presence of chemical components that indicate the presence of emergent in the water. Thus identification component is associated with the presence of fiziological groups of microorganisms at the site, which with its functional and significant role in many ways reduce environmental stress.展开更多
Animal manure consists of predominantly urine and feces, but also may contain bedding materials, dropped feed, scurf, and other farming wastes. Manure is typically applied to soils as fertilizer for agricultural produ...Animal manure consists of predominantly urine and feces, but also may contain bedding materials, dropped feed, scurf, and other farming wastes. Manure is typically applied to soils as fertilizer for agricultural production. The estimated amount of manure produced in 12 major livestock-producing countries is 9 × 10^9 Mg of manure annually. Manure is rich in plant nutrients. However, manure is also considered as an environmental pollutant when it is over-applied to cropland or following runoff into surface water. Manure can also influence global climate change via emissions of methane （CH4） and nitrous oxide （N2O）. Thus, increased and updated knowledge of applied and environmental chemistry of animal manure is needed to shed light on the research and development of animal manure utilization and minimization of its adverse environmental concerns. The advances in basic and applied studies of manure major components, organic matter, phosphorus, and nitrogen, primarily related to US livestock production are summarized in this review. Detailed focus was placed on three notable challenges for future manure research： 1） soil application of animal manure, 2） manure phytate phosphorus, and 3） manure nitrogen availability. This review may contribute to the global effort in sustainable and environmentally sound agriculture by stimulating new ideas and directions in animal manure research, and promoting application of knowledge and insight derived from manure research into improved manure management strategies.展开更多
基金Undertheauspices of the National Basic Research Program of China(No. 2004CB720206) and theproject of Chin-ese AcademyofSciences (No. KZCX2-SW-118)
文摘Yulin section is a typical sedimentary record for reflecting the environmental evolution of Ordos Desert, China in the past 1.1Ma. By analyzing its sequence and grain-size composition some views have been put forward in this paper as follows. The layers of sand, loess and palaeosol in Yulin section were respectively formed by wind and the pedogenesis on parent material of the sand and loess. Since 1.1Ma B. P., Ordos Desert has alternately experienced 11 stages of shifting dunes under extreme cold-dry climatic environment, 7 stages of fixed and semi-fixed dunes and 8 stages of dust (loess) under cold-dry climatic condition; and the pedogenesis environment under 15 times of warm-humid climate and 3 times of temperate-humid climate (brownish-drab soils and black soils formed respectively). The aeolian sand had already existed in Ordos Desert at latest by 1.1Ma B. P., and from that time on it has undergone a series of alternative processes of shifting sands, fixed and semi-fixed dunes, loess and soils. Ordos Desert has been situated in the transitional belt of the Mongolian High Pressure and margin of the southeast summer monsoon since 1.1Ma B. P., and influenced repeatedly by migration of the lithofacies belts of shifting sands, fixed and semi-fixed dunes, loess and soils, which have been caused by the climatic fluctuations of glacial and interglacial periods.
文摘Based on the data about sedimentary facies and palaeogeography, this paper proves the existence of the Cathaysia (the part in eastern Zhejiang and northern Fujian, the same hereinafter) and makes a survey about its palaeogeography since Sinian Period. It also discusses the evolution of the tectonic environment of this region during Phanerozoic Eon, according to the features such as the composition of sandstones derived from the old land and alkalinity of volcanic rocks and so on. Continuous uplifting was maintained in Cathaysia during Sinian Period and Paleozoic Era, typically with no significant tectono-magmatic activity being observed. Its northwestern margin belongs to the type of passive continental margin during the middle and late phase of Caledonian Cycle. It showed the characteristics of a steady continent in late Paleozoic era, but was turned quickly into an active continental margin after the middle Jurassic period.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(40773040)the National Basic Research Program of China (2003CB214607)
文摘Maceral composition and aromatic compounds were determined on columnsamples to study the peat-forming environments of Permian coal seam 2 and Carboniferouscoal seam 9^(-2) from the Xingtai coalfield,China.The macerals were dominated by inertinitein seam 2 and by vitrinite in seam 9^(-2).Three maceral groups were selected as indicatorsof peat-forming environments.Two triangle diagrams were drawn based on the indicatorsto explicate the peat-forming environments of permian seam 2 and Carboniferousseam 9^(-2).The results indicate that the peat of carboniferous seam 9^(-2) formed dominantlyin wet swamps,whereas the peat of Permian seam 2 formed dominantly in dry swampsand open moor environments.
文摘Based on the screening analysis for the first time in Montenegro, water samples for the presence of emergent wereanalyzed. Results from the locality Vukovci, the lower course of the river Morale, have shown the presence of chemical components that indicate the presence of emergent in the water. Thus identification component is associated with the presence of fiziological groups of microorganisms at the site, which with its functional and significant role in many ways reduce environmental stress.
文摘Animal manure consists of predominantly urine and feces, but also may contain bedding materials, dropped feed, scurf, and other farming wastes. Manure is typically applied to soils as fertilizer for agricultural production. The estimated amount of manure produced in 12 major livestock-producing countries is 9 × 10^9 Mg of manure annually. Manure is rich in plant nutrients. However, manure is also considered as an environmental pollutant when it is over-applied to cropland or following runoff into surface water. Manure can also influence global climate change via emissions of methane （CH4） and nitrous oxide （N2O）. Thus, increased and updated knowledge of applied and environmental chemistry of animal manure is needed to shed light on the research and development of animal manure utilization and minimization of its adverse environmental concerns. The advances in basic and applied studies of manure major components, organic matter, phosphorus, and nitrogen, primarily related to US livestock production are summarized in this review. Detailed focus was placed on three notable challenges for future manure research： 1） soil application of animal manure, 2） manure phytate phosphorus, and 3） manure nitrogen availability. This review may contribute to the global effort in sustainable and environmentally sound agriculture by stimulating new ideas and directions in animal manure research, and promoting application of knowledge and insight derived from manure research into improved manure management strategies.
