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超白芯靛蓝环染技术的生产实践
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作者 黄旭 张炜栋 《印染》 CAS 北大核心 2023年第4期26-29,共4页
探讨了前处理和染色工艺对靛蓝环染效果的影响。结果表明:在绳状染色机上,采用浓碱丝光前处理,多道浸轧低浓度靛蓝,轧车压力0.3 MPa,染液pH控制在11左右,保险粉质量浓度0.2 g/L,环染效果最好。采用防水处理棉纱芯的包芯纱,可达到超白芯... 探讨了前处理和染色工艺对靛蓝环染效果的影响。结果表明:在绳状染色机上,采用浓碱丝光前处理,多道浸轧低浓度靛蓝,轧车压力0.3 MPa,染液pH控制在11左右,保险粉质量浓度0.2 g/L,环染效果最好。采用防水处理棉纱芯的包芯纱,可达到超白芯靛蓝环染染色效果。该工艺适应性广,可减少蒸汽和靛蓝的使用量,节能环保。 展开更多
关键词 环染 靛蓝 超白芯 包芯纱 防水棉纱
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涤纶的表面环染
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作者 傅继树 《印染译丛》 1990年第4期23-27,共5页
关键词 涤纶织物 表面环染
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腺病毒对内皮及成纤维细胞和血管环转染及基因表达的研究
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作者 穆军升 郑家豪 +3 位作者 朱洪生 山朝晖 许德华 刘新垣 《上海第二医科大学学报》 CSCD 2002年第3期221-224,共4页
目的 比较腺病毒对不同血管内皮及成纤维细胞的转染和对人冠状动脉搭桥动脉静脉血管的转导,为携带目的基因的腺病毒治疗血管狭窄提供更好的转染途径。方法 腺病毒Ad5CMVLacZ体外转染血管内皮细胞(HUVEC)和成纤维细胞(PA317)并间接... 目的 比较腺病毒对不同血管内皮及成纤维细胞的转染和对人冠状动脉搭桥动脉静脉血管的转导,为携带目的基因的腺病毒治疗血管狭窄提供更好的转染途径。方法 腺病毒Ad5CMVLacZ体外转染血管内皮细胞(HUVEC)和成纤维细胞(PA317)并间接转导入胸廓内动脉和大隐静脉血管环,运用β-半乳糖苷酶活性X-gal组织化学染色,观察转染情况,并进行动态分析。结果 腺病毒载体能使外源性基因有效地转入HUVEC、PA317及两种血管环并获得蛋白表达;两种血管环在转染10d后仍有β-半乳糖苷酶蛋白的表达,且大隐静脉有新内膜形成和中膜的增厚。结论 从细胞水平上证明腺病毒载体能将治疗性目的基因导入各种血管细胞及动静脉血管并获得表达,提示血管内膜和外膜都是腺病毒有效转染的途径;临床上无论动脉或静脉的血管狭窄都可能通过用腺病毒作为载体进行基因治疗和预防。 展开更多
关键词 腺病毒 内皮 成纤维细胞 血管 基因表达 研究
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牛仔布的活性泡沫染色 被引量:5
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作者 沈红娟 缪国华 《印染》 北大核心 2012年第2期35-37,共3页
采用活性染料对牛仔面料进行泡沫染色,通过控制前处理强度,即织物毛效不宜过高,使面料中纱线表层得色深、芯层留白,呈现环染效果。该彩色牛仔面料不仅洗褪加工简单,可控性强,污染少,而且色系齐全,色光稳定,色牢度优异,手感柔软具有洗旧... 采用活性染料对牛仔面料进行泡沫染色,通过控制前处理强度,即织物毛效不宜过高,使面料中纱线表层得色深、芯层留白,呈现环染效果。该彩色牛仔面料不仅洗褪加工简单,可控性强,污染少,而且色系齐全,色光稳定,色牢度优异,手感柔软具有洗旧风格。 展开更多
关键词 泡沫 活性 环染 劳动布
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表面活性剂对靛蓝上染棉织物的影响 被引量:2
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作者 刘幸乐 侯贺刚 姚继明 《毛纺科技》 CAS 北大核心 2022年第4期31-35,共5页
为研究表面活性剂对靛蓝上染棉织物的染色效果的影响,分别采用分散剂NNO、匀染剂平平加O、渗透剂SRD,制备单体和复配溶液,测试其溶液的润湿能力和对烧碱、保险粉的兼容性。制备靛蓝染液并做空白试验,测试4种隐色体溶液的氧化还原电位。... 为研究表面活性剂对靛蓝上染棉织物的染色效果的影响,分别采用分散剂NNO、匀染剂平平加O、渗透剂SRD,制备单体和复配溶液,测试其溶液的润湿能力和对烧碱、保险粉的兼容性。制备靛蓝染液并做空白试验,测试4种隐色体溶液的氧化还原电位。同时,对纯棉织物染色后的各项性能进行测试分析。结果表明:3种表面活性剂耐碱和耐保险粉性能良好,其中渗透剂SRD的渗透能力最好,并可迅速提升氧化还原电位,加快靛蓝染料还原;3种表面活性剂对靛蓝染料起到缓染作用,降低了初始上染百分率;分散剂NNO起到染色增深效果,平平加O和渗透剂SRD的使用效果相当,在皂煮前和皂煮后颜色最浅;使用平平加O的色纱白芯最明显,使用渗透剂SRD和空白试验的色纱白芯度次之;平平加O和渗透剂SRD可提高织物的耐摩擦色牢度;渗透剂SRD更有利于生产应用。 展开更多
关键词 靛蓝 表面活性剂 K/S值 环染 百分率
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Indication Function of Aquatic Algae for Environment 被引量:5
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作者 冯天翼 宋超 陈家长 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2012年第5期1060-1066,共7页
In order to better monitor N and P pollutants, heavy metals, pesticides and other organic pollutants in water areas, we researched sensitivity and tolerance of aquatic algae on water environment and effects of the pol... In order to better monitor N and P pollutants, heavy metals, pesticides and other organic pollutants in water areas, we researched sensitivity and tolerance of aquatic algae on water environment and effects of the pollutants on algae population, analyzing toxin and enrichment of pollutants on algae. The results indicated that aquatic alga is a better indicator for some pollutants in water, for which water contamination can be surveyed and analyzed rapidly. 展开更多
关键词 ALGAE INDICATOR Water pollution
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Fertilizer Overuse in China:Empirical Evidence from Farmers in Four Provinces 被引量:8
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作者 栾昊 仇焕广 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2013年第1期193-196,共4页
[Objective] This paper aims to empirically analyze the situation of fertilizer overuse in China, considering that fertilizer, important for China's crop production, has brought serious environmental pollution to Chin... [Objective] This paper aims to empirically analyze the situation of fertilizer overuse in China, considering that fertilizer, important for China's crop production, has brought serious environmental pollution to China due to over application. [Method] Based on field survey data in four provinces of China, the magnitude of fertilizer overuse at farm level was empirically analyzed with Cobb-Douglas Produc- tion Function Method and profit optimization theory in the research. [Result] The resuits show that by average, 110.5 kg of chemical fertilizer were applied per mu of land, and 46.9 kg fertilizer was overused, occupying 42.5%. [Conclusion] There is large potential to reduce the overused amount and it is of great importance to re- duce fertilizer overuse effectively, which needs further intensive study. 展开更多
关键词 Fertilizer overuse Cobb-Douglas Production Function Environmental pollution
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Forecast of Red Tide in the South China Sea by Using the Variation Trend of Hydrological and Meteorological Factors 被引量:3
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作者 张俊峰 白毅平 +7 位作者 俞建良 庞海龙 邓文君 李华健 吴迪生 赵雪 陈惠君 蒋跃进 《Marine Science Bulletin》 CAS 2006年第2期60-74,共15页
Many studies point out that weather conditions involving temperature, wind power, monsoon transform, air pressure, sea condition, tide, ocean current, salinity, eutrophic environment and so on are key factors causing ... Many studies point out that weather conditions involving temperature, wind power, monsoon transform, air pressure, sea condition, tide, ocean current, salinity, eutrophic environment and so on are key factors causing Red Tide. In the red tide high frequency areas of the South China Sea, the eutrophic environment of sea water has already existed, so the key elements such as meteorological and hydrological conditions play an importance role in the occurrence of red tide. The atmospheric circulation maintenance and variation decide whether meteorological phenomena, and hydrological key elements stabilize or change. Moreover, the red tide organisms' breeding from the initial stage to the blooming reproduction stage, until reaching the biological density of the red tide, generally takes 4 - 5 days. In the paper, the red tide examples are analyzed in the past 10 years, and the weather circulation situation and hydro-meteorological key elements of it are counted to find the previous circulation mode and bring out important factors inducing the blooming of red tide. The predicted result in 2003 according to this method was satisfactory. 展开更多
关键词 Red tide meteorological condition weather circulation
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Efficiency Valuation of DMUs with Undesirable Outputs 被引量:1
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作者 边馥萍 杨爱萍 《Transactions of Tianjin University》 EI CAS 2002年第4期295-298,共4页
The researching on the DMUs with undesirable outputs gives the non-radial model FDEA of the relative efficiency evaluation,proves the efficiency theories, and calculates the example.The application of FDEA model shows... The researching on the DMUs with undesirable outputs gives the non-radial model FDEA of the relative efficiency evaluation,proves the efficiency theories, and calculates the example.The application of FDEA model shows its importance in the production to save the resources,improve the desirable outputs, and decrease the undesirable outputs,especially reduce the environmental pollution. 展开更多
关键词 data envelopment analysis undesirable output FDEA model environmental pollution
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Economic Analysis of Pollution Caused by Animal Farming in China
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作者 周静 马友华 +2 位作者 栾敬东 刘鹏凌 张贵友 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2014年第7期1219-1222,共4页
The research introduced pollution caused by animal farming on waters,agricultural lands,and atmosphere,as well as environment pollution and economic causes.Furthermore,a series of economic policies were proposed on pr... The research introduced pollution caused by animal farming on waters,agricultural lands,and atmosphere,as well as environment pollution and economic causes.Furthermore,a series of economic policies were proposed on preventing animal farming,such as definition of rights property,economic impetus and circular farming. 展开更多
关键词 Animal farming Environment pollution Economic causes Prevention measures
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Approach to estimating non-point pollutant load removal rates based on water environmental capacity: a case study in Shenzhen 被引量:1
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作者 刘梁 刘安 管运涛 《Journal of Southeast University(English Edition)》 EI CAS 2014年第2期143-149,共7页
An innovative approach based on water environmental capacity for non-point source NPS pollution removal rate estimation was discussed by using both univariate and multivariate data analysis.Taking Shenzhen city as the... An innovative approach based on water environmental capacity for non-point source NPS pollution removal rate estimation was discussed by using both univariate and multivariate data analysis.Taking Shenzhen city as the study case a 67% to 74% NPS pollutant load removal rate can lead to meeting the chemical oxygen demand COD pollution control target for most watersheds.In contrast it is hardly to achieve the ammonia nitrogen NH4-N total phosphorus TP and biological oxygen demand BOD5 pollution control target by simply removing NPS pollutants. This highlights that the pollution control strategies should be taken according to different pollutant species and sources in different watersheds rather than one-size-fits-all . 展开更多
关键词 environmental capacity estimation non-point source (NPS) pollution removal rate control strategy
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Analysis on Strategic Future of Application of Agricultural Ecological Source in Control on Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution in Xi River Area in Guangxi 被引量:1
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作者 刘永贤 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2016年第1期201-203,共3页
Non-point source pollution has become a hot issue on aquatic ecological environment at home and abroad. The research analyzed the challenges confronted by Xi River and proposed to construct agricultural ecological sou... Non-point source pollution has become a hot issue on aquatic ecological environment at home and abroad. The research analyzed the challenges confronted by Xi River and proposed to construct agricultural ecological source in middle and upper reaches of the Xi River from the perspectives of scientific layout, legal construction, routine monitoring, technology integration, and coordination system in order to promote sustainable development of eco-environment in Xi River. 展开更多
关键词 Nonpoint source pollution Agriculture Aquatic environment Xi River basin Agricultural ecological source
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整顿排污口很有必要
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作者 蒋松梅 《中国环境管理(吉林)》 1991年第6期27-27,共1页
工厂企业废水、废气排放口的状况关系到污染源监测的准确性、可比性.一个工厂,一个企业,如果它的排污口不合乎规范,例如与其它单位的废水合流排放,那么监测数据就不能如实反映出这个工厂、企业污染物排放的种类、浓度和排放量,这就会给... 工厂企业废水、废气排放口的状况关系到污染源监测的准确性、可比性.一个工厂,一个企业,如果它的排污口不合乎规范,例如与其它单位的废水合流排放,那么监测数据就不能如实反映出这个工厂、企业污染物排放的种类、浓度和排放量,这就会给超标排污收费及环境管理等带来麻烦. 展开更多
关键词 排污口 废冰 废气 环染源监测
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Evaluation on Soil Heavy Metal Pollution of Agricultural Habitat Environment in Xi'an City
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作者 杨雍 于世锋 +8 位作者 汪庆华 张水鸥 刘君 黄东亚 栗婷 任晓姣 韩磊 王楠 王党党 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2016年第10期2373-2376,共4页
[Objective] This study aimed to understand and grasp the soil heavy metal pollution status of agricultural habitat environment in Xi'an City. [Method] The soil heavy metal pollution status of pollution-free agricultu... [Objective] This study aimed to understand and grasp the soil heavy metal pollution status of agricultural habitat environment in Xi'an City. [Method] The soil heavy metal pollution status of pollution-free agricultural products-producing areas in 9 counties (districts) of Xi'an City was investigated. A total of 609 soil samples were collected, and their Cd, Hg, As, Pb and Cr contents were determined. In addition, the heavy metal pollution status of the collected soil samples was evaluated by Nemerow index method. [Result] The pollution in Baqiao, Chang'an; Gaoling, Lan- tian, Lintong and Yanliang was of grade I, belonging to clean level; the pollution in Hu County, Weiyang and Zhouzhi was of grade II, near the warning line, belong to relatively clean level. There was no large-area soil heavy metal pollution overall. The investigated areas could be used as production bases of pollution-free agricultural products and even high-quality agricultural products. However, the heavy met- als contents in some individual areas exceeded relevant soil environmental quality standards, and they should be avoided or forbidden during regional planning and selection of production area. [Conclusion] Soil heavy metal pollution of agricultural habitat environment in Xi'an City is generally at good status. Targeting at the future development plan of Xi'an City, feasible and scientific suggestions are put forward. 展开更多
关键词 Production area of agricultural products Soil environment Quality and safety Pollution evaluation
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Soil Environmental Quality Evaluation for Wasteland of Coalmine Tailing Polluted by Heavy Metals in Mingshan of Guangdong 被引量:1
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作者 刘德良 杨期和 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2014年第10期1759-1763,共5页
ln order to appraise scientifical y the heavy metal contamination in waste-land of coalmine tailing in Mingshan of Guangdong, the 5 soil samples in wasteland of coalmine tailing were col ected in November 2010 to Marc... ln order to appraise scientifical y the heavy metal contamination in waste-land of coalmine tailing in Mingshan of Guangdong, the 5 soil samples in wasteland of coalmine tailing were col ected in November 2010 to March 2011. The 7 heavy metals content in the contaminated soil was measured by atomic absorption spec-trophotometry. The results showed the pH of the wasteland soil ranged from 2.87 to 6.16, and the soil was relatively infertile. The soil was mainly pol uted by Cd and Mn. The Cd content in wasteland soil ranged from 0.759 mg/kg to 3.109 mg/kg with an average content of 2.052 mg/kg, which was much higher than the standard content. The Mn content ranged from 387.057 to 488.660 mg/kg with an average content of 421.215 mg/kg, which was much higher than the standard content. The Nemerow integrated pol ution indexes showed the sample 1, sample 4 and sample 5 were of heavy pol ution, and sample 2 and sample 3 were of moderate pol ution. 展开更多
关键词 Heavy metal pol ution Wasteland of coalmine tailing Environmental quality evaluation Coalmine in Mingshan of Guangdong
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Surface N Balances in Agricultural Crop Production Systems in China for the Period 1980-2015 被引量:24
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作者 SUN Bo SHEN Run-Ping A. F. BOUWMAN 《Pedosphere》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2008年第3期304-315,共12页
Surface nitrogen (N) balances for China's crop production systems was estimated using statistical data collected from 1980 to 2004 at the national and provincial scale and from 1994 to 1999 at the county level. The... Surface nitrogen (N) balances for China's crop production systems was estimated using statistical data collected from 1980 to 2004 at the national and provincial scale and from 1994 to 1999 at the county level. There was a surplus N balance throughout these periods, but the surplus was nearly stable in recent years. Projections using nonseasonal Box-Jenkins model or exponential models show that the N surplus for the total cultivated land in China was likely to increase from 142.8 kg ha^-1 in 2004 to 168.6 kg ha 1 in 2015. The N balance surplus in the more developed southeastern provinces was the largest, and was slightly less in the central region, which caused the nitrate pollution in the ground water. The N surplus was much less in the western and northern provinces because of lower synthetic fertilizer inputs. The region with high N risk includes Beijing Municipality and Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Hubei, and Shandong provinces for 2002-2004. The projections suggested that 15 provinces (or municipalities) in the middle and southeastern part of China except Jiangxi and Shanxi provinces would become the high-risk region by 2015. The level of economic development, transportation, and labor force condition had an important effect on the N balance surplus at the county level, but the last two factors showed remarkable impact at the provincial level. To decrease the nonpoint pollution (Npp) risk from crop production, the authors suggested to reduce the target level for national grain self-sufficiency to 90%-95% and change the regional structure of grain production by moving some of the future grain production from the high Npp risk areas of eastern China to parts of the central and western provinces where the Npp risk was much less. 展开更多
关键词 AGRICULTURE China driving force nonpoint pollution risk surface nitrogen balance
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Natural water purification and water management by artificial groundwater recharge 被引量:6
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作者 Klaus-Dieter BALKE 《Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology)》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2008年第3期221-226,共6页
Worldwide,several regions suffer from water scarcity and contamination.The infiltration and subsurface storage of rain and river water can reduce water stress.Artificial groundwater recharge,possibly combined with ban... Worldwide,several regions suffer from water scarcity and contamination.The infiltration and subsurface storage of rain and river water can reduce water stress.Artificial groundwater recharge,possibly combined with bank filtration,plant purification and/or the use of subsurface dams and artificial aquifers,is especially advantageous in areas where layers of gravel and sand exist below the earth's surface.Artificial infiltration of surface water into the uppermost aquifer has qualitative and quantitative advantages.The contamination of infiltrated river water will be reduced by natural attenuation.Clay minerals,iron hydroxide and humic matter as well as microorganisms located in the subsurface have high decontamination capacities.By this,a final water treatment,if necessary,becomes much easier and cheaper.The quantitative effect concerns the seasonally changing river discharge that influences the possibility of water extraction for drinking water purposes.Such changes can be equalised by seasonally adapted infiltration/extraction of water in/out of the aquifer according to the river discharge and the water need.This method enables a continuous water supply over the whole year.Generally,artificially recharged groundwater is better protected against pollution than surface water,and the delimitation of water protection zones makes it even more save. 展开更多
关键词 Artificial groundwater recharge Natural attenuation Water management
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Impact of Urbanization on Shanghai's Soil Environmental Quality 被引量:53
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作者 HUXue-Feng WUHe-Xin HUXing FANGSheng-Qiong WUchen-Juan 《Pedosphere》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2004年第2期151-158,共8页
Heavy metal contents in the soils in the Baoshan District of Shanghai were monitored to evaluate the risk of soil environmental quality degradation due to rapid urbanization and to reveal the ways of heavy metal accum... Heavy metal contents in the soils in the Baoshan District of Shanghai were monitored to evaluate the risk of soil environmental quality degradation due to rapid urbanization and to reveal the ways of heavy metal accumulation in soil during rapid urban sprawl. It was found that the soils in this district were commonly contaminated by Pb, Zn and Cd. Evaluated with a geo-accumulation index (Igeo), the rate of Pb contamination in soils was 100% with 59% of these graded as moderate-severe or severe; Zn contamination reached 59% with 6% graded as moderate-severe or severe; and Cd contamination was over 50%, with one site graded as moderate-severe and another severe-extremely severe. Metal contamination of soils around the Shanghai metropolis was mainly attributed to traffic, industrial production, wastewater irrigation and improper disposal of solid wastes. Because of continuing urbanization, the cultivated land around the metropolis should be comprehensively planned and carefully managed. Also the soil environmental quality of vegetable production bases in this area should be monitored regularly, with vegetables to be grown selected according to the degrees and types of soil contamination. 展开更多
关键词 CONTAMINATION heavy metals soil environmental quality URBANIZATION
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CAUSES AND CONTROL COUNTERMEASURES OF EUTROPHICATION IN CHAOHU LAKE, CHINA 被引量:26
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作者 SHANG Guang-ping SHANG Jin-cheng 《Chinese Geographical Science》 SCIE CSCD 2005年第4期348-354,共7页
Chaohu Lake, located in the central Anhui Province, is one of the five largest fresh lakes in China. Now it is one of the three most eutrophication lakes in China. The deterioration of its water quality has influenced... Chaohu Lake, located in the central Anhui Province, is one of the five largest fresh lakes in China. Now it is one of the three most eutrophication lakes in China. The deterioration of its water quality has influenced the sustainable development of society, economy and environment of Hefei City, the capital of Anhui Province. A series of measures have been carried out to control its eutrophication, but it is still serious. On the basis of the lake water quality data from 1984 to 2003, the causes of the eutrophication of Chaohu Lake are analyzed. Studies indicated that the suitable natural conditions and human activities played a crucial role in the process of the eutrophication of Chaohu Lake. A great amount of industrial, agricultural and domestic sewage discharged into the lake is the main cause of eutrophication in the lake. Land use, soil erosion and shoreline collapse destroyed the watershed eco-environment and the terrestrial ecosystem of Chaohu Lake. And the building of Yuxi Gate extends the sluggish of the nutritious substance and speeds up the process of the eutrophication. From the view of systematic engineering and watershed ecology, a series of the countermeasures have been put forward to control the eutrophication. 展开更多
关键词 causes of eutrophication eutrophication control non-engineering measures watershed management Chaohu Lake
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Phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soils and water:Progresses and perspectives 被引量:27
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作者 Mohammad Iqbal LONE Zhen-li HE +1 位作者 Peter J. STOFFELLA Xiao-e YANG 《Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology)》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2008年第3期210-220,共11页
Environmental pollution affects the quality of pedosphere,hydrosphere,atmosphere,lithosphere and biosphere.Great efforts have been made in the last two decades to reduce pollution sources and remedy the polluted soil ... Environmental pollution affects the quality of pedosphere,hydrosphere,atmosphere,lithosphere and biosphere.Great efforts have been made in the last two decades to reduce pollution sources and remedy the polluted soil and water resources.Phytoremediation,being more cost-effective and fewer side effects than physical and chemical approaches,has gained increasing popularity in both academic and practical circles.More than 400 plant species have been identified to have potential for soil and water remediation.Among them,Thlaspi,Brassica,Sedum alfredii H.,and Arabidopsis species have been mostly studied.It is also expected that recent advances in biotechnology will play a promising role in the development of new hyperaccumulators by transferring metal hyperaccumulating genes from low biomass wild species to the higher biomass producing cultivated species in the times to come.This paper attempted to provide a brief review on recent progresses in research and practical applications of phytoremediation for soil and water resources. 展开更多
关键词 Environmental pollution Heavy metals PHYTOREMEDIATION SOIL WATER
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