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生命材料低温保护剂溶液二维降温结晶过程中的分形特征 被引量:10
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作者 何立群 张永锋 +6 位作者 罗大为 程曙霞 陶乐仁 华泽钊 张爱丽 刘忠 高大勇 《自然科学进展》 北大核心 2002年第11期1167-1171,共5页
在低温显微镜下,观察了低温保护剂溶液在降温过程中冰晶的成核与生长过程,并对异相成核结晶过程的图像做了数字处理,观察了冰晶在降温过程中的边界变化规律,发现异相成核后溶液的冰晶最终呈树枝状结构生长,而且随着降温速率加快,冰晶快... 在低温显微镜下,观察了低温保护剂溶液在降温过程中冰晶的成核与生长过程,并对异相成核结晶过程的图像做了数字处理,观察了冰晶在降温过程中的边界变化规律,发现异相成核后溶液的冰晶最终呈树枝状结构生长,而且随着降温速率加快,冰晶快速生长,对其进一步的分析表明,该过程具有分形的特征,鉴于这种结构形态变化的时间尺度易于观测,同时也反映了随着溶液黏度升高,水分子扩散难度越来越大,而水分子数目则随结冰量增加又减少等内在规律,则可以通过观察该过程结构形态变化,来研究溶液黏度、水分子扩散和结晶能力随降温速率、保护剂类型及浓度的变化规律,其结构的分形特征,恰好提供了理论工具,即可以在分形理论的框架内分析和了解这些规律。在目前还没有找到合适物理模型的情况下,研究低温保护剂溶液降温结晶和升温再结晶/反玻璃化的预防措施具有非常重要的意义。 展开更多
关键词 生命材料 低温保护剂 分形特征 低温生物学 异相成核 冰晶生长 二维降温结晶过程
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课程思政在化工与材料专业教学中的探索与实践——以生命健康材料为例 被引量:1
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作者 王小青 朱银邦 路胜利 《广东化工》 CAS 2022年第7期202-204,共3页
课程思政是落实高校立德树人的根本任务。化学工程与工艺以及材料科学与工程作为高校典型工科专业,在教学中融入课程思政既要立足实际体现工科特色,又要紧跟前沿展示科技创新。本文以本校化工与材料专业选修课《生命健康材料》为例,深... 课程思政是落实高校立德树人的根本任务。化学工程与工艺以及材料科学与工程作为高校典型工科专业,在教学中融入课程思政既要立足实际体现工科特色,又要紧跟前沿展示科技创新。本文以本校化工与材料专业选修课《生命健康材料》为例,深入分析实际教学及课程思政融入中存在的问题,并针对所存在问题进行探索与实践。旨在高校理工科专业教学中将高等教育实践教学与思政教育有机结合,在教学实践中挖掘趣味性强且教育意义强的思政实例,在潜移默化中渗透德育教育,促进学生全方面发展。 展开更多
关键词 化学工程与工艺 材料科学与工程 课程思政 生命健康材料 探索实践
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数字化工厂下全生命周期工程材料编码系统研究 被引量:4
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作者 吴云峰 《当代化工》 CAS 2016年第7期1511-1514,共4页
通过编制适合自身特点的阀门编码体系,并集成到三维工厂化设计软件PDMS中的管道材料等级库中,运用于工程项目的设计、采购、施工等工程全周期的各个阶段,实现了无偏差的材料控制,提高了项目实施的效率,为数字化工厂的建设进行了有益的... 通过编制适合自身特点的阀门编码体系,并集成到三维工厂化设计软件PDMS中的管道材料等级库中,运用于工程项目的设计、采购、施工等工程全周期的各个阶段,实现了无偏差的材料控制,提高了项目实施的效率,为数字化工厂的建设进行了有益的尝试。 展开更多
关键词 数字化工厂 生命周期工程材料 编码系统 阀门编码
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生态材料学的内涵探讨 被引量:2
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作者 洪紫萍 《浙江大学学报(理学版)》 CAS CSCD 2000年第4期444-448,共5页
生态材料学是一门新兴学科 ,本文探讨了其内涵 ,包括历史观 ,定义 ,判据 ,研究任务 ,理论基础 ,研究内容 ,生命周期评估 。
关键词 生态材料 材料生命周期 评估 生态环境
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生态环境材料的研究进展 被引量:2
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作者 陈跃 刘彬 《黄石高等专科学校学报》 2002年第2期39-40,43,共3页
介绍了生态环境材料的概念及生态环境材料所研究的内容 ,对国内外在生态环境材料这一领域所开展的工作进行了综述。
关键词 研究进展 生态环境材料 生命周期评价 材料生命周期评价 环境协调 功能材料
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美国新研究用DNA分子组装类生命"软机器人"
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《科技传播》 2019年第9期I0005-I0005,共1页
科研人员近期合作设计出一种以DNA(脱氧核糖核酸)为材料构成的类生命“软机器人”,这种“类生命材料”需要从微流系统中获得“营养”,实现人工“新陈代谢”从而进行自主运动。未来有望用于开发生物芯片等。
关键词 生命材料 机器人 DNA 分子组装 美国 脱氧核糖核酸 材料构成 科研人员
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浅谈EPC项目管理之材料管理 被引量:4
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作者 孙少虹 《大氮肥》 CAS 2010年第4期282-285,共4页
分析EPC项目材料管理现状,提出引进MARIAN软件的创新的解决方案,提倡"全生命周期材料管理"理念,以提高项目管理水平。
关键词 EPC项目 MARIAN系统 生命周期的材料管理
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低温真空环境下蚕豆种子脱水特性及微观结构变化研究 被引量:2
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作者 张西龙 诸凯 +2 位作者 王雅博 王金山 李言洁 《制冷学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2020年第4期151-158,共8页
本文研究了低温真空环境下蚕豆种子的脱水特性及脱水过程中微观结构的变化规律。将蚕豆种子样品置于真空度为97 kPa,温度分别为0、4、8℃的真空装置中脱水300 min,每隔30 min测定样品的水分比及收缩率,利用扫描电子显微镜与图像处理技术... 本文研究了低温真空环境下蚕豆种子的脱水特性及脱水过程中微观结构的变化规律。将蚕豆种子样品置于真空度为97 kPa,温度分别为0、4、8℃的真空装置中脱水300 min,每隔30 min测定样品的水分比及收缩率,利用扫描电子显微镜与图像处理技术,获得不同水分比下蚕豆种子细胞图像和各细胞结构参数的分布曲线,分析真空环境对蚕豆种子脱水特性及细胞结构参数的影响。结果表明:在低温真空脱水过程中,水分比呈指数递减,Page模型拟合效果最好;收缩率逐渐增加,后趋于平缓;细胞面积、周长、直径等尺寸参数主要分布区间虽在小范围内有所波动,但整体呈减小趋势,数据分布逐渐集中;细胞形状参数的变化较小,圆度与伸长率变化范围均在10%以内,而紧密度几乎保持恒定。 展开更多
关键词 细胞变形 脱水特性 微观结构 生命材料
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Introduction to Unity of Physics and Biology, Inorganic Life Materials 被引量:6
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作者 Jinzhong Yah 《Journal of Physical Science and Application》 2013年第1期58-64,共7页
The unity between physics and biology refers to that the inorganic systems: the Solar System, galaxies and artificial systems have the same structures and functions as the organisms. The development of science and te... The unity between physics and biology refers to that the inorganic systems: the Solar System, galaxies and artificial systems have the same structures and functions as the organisms. The development of science and technology is demonstrating the intense unification trends of physics and biology and a holistic science and technology era is about to start. The physics and biology unify on the basis of the four seasons' law, which is the most important rule of the universe. Life is defined as the four seasons' whole with the structure and process of four seasons. The organism is basically structured into a dual four-season body by state-varying, state-stabilizing and control organizations. Animals, the Solar System and the earth are all the dual four-season bodies. In the unity between physics and biology, the inorganic life materials and inorganic life body can be manufactured artificially. 展开更多
关键词 PHYSICS BIOLOGY UNITY inorganic life materials.
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Effect of Carbon Content on Electrochemical Properties of LiFePO4/C Composite Cathode 被引量:3
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作者 阮艳莉 唐致远 黄保民 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2005年第5期686-690,共5页
Olivine-type LiFePO4/C composite cathode materials were synthesized by a solid-state reaction method in an inert atmosphere. The glucose was added as conductive precursors before the formation of the crystalline phase... Olivine-type LiFePO4/C composite cathode materials were synthesized by a solid-state reaction method in an inert atmosphere. The glucose was added as conductive precursors before the formation of the crystalline phase. The effects of glucose content on the properties of as-synthesized cathode materials were investigated. The crystal structure and the electrochemical performance were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), laser particle-size distribution measurement and electrochemical performance testing. The material has a single crystal olivine structure with grain-sizes ca. 100-200 nm. SEM micrographs and the corresponding energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) data confirm that the carbon particulates produced by glucose pyrogenation are uniformly dispersed among the LiFePO4 grains, ensuring a good electronic contact. Impedance spectroscopy was used to investigate the ohmic and kinetic contributions to the cell performance. It is found that increasing the carbon content leads to a reduction of the cell impedance due to the reduction of the charge transfer resistance. The galvanostatically charge and discharge tests show that the material obtained by adding 10% C (by mass) gives a maximum discharge capacity of 140.8mA·h·g^-1 at the same rate (C/10). The material also displays a more stable cycle-life than the others. 展开更多
关键词 olivine-type cathode material conductive precursors CYCLE-LIFE
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浅谈MARIAN系统在EPC项目中的作用 被引量:1
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作者 井刚刚 胡宇 《广州化工》 CAS 2014年第16期231-232,235,共3页
着重详细介绍当前总承包项目管理的材料控制流程,说明材料控制在项目管理中起着不可或缺的作用,通过MARIAN系统的引入与应用,实现使用物资代码跟踪和管理项目大宗材料,并通过设备材料的全生命周期管理,实现物资管理的协同工作,降低材料... 着重详细介绍当前总承包项目管理的材料控制流程,说明材料控制在项目管理中起着不可或缺的作用,通过MARIAN系统的引入与应用,实现使用物资代码跟踪和管理项目大宗材料,并通过设备材料的全生命周期管理,实现物资管理的协同工作,降低材料费用,将材料管理更加科学化、精细化,提升企业在总承包项目中的竞争力。 展开更多
关键词 项目管理 生命周期的材料管理 MARIAN系统
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The Influence of the Concepts of Biophilia and Biomimicry in Contemporary Architecture
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作者 Pedro Ressano Garcia 《Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture》 2017年第5期500-513,共14页
The contemporary demand for reducing carbon emission is changing the way architects design buildings, thus influencing a wide range of new solutions. In this paper, the author presents a method that intends to contrib... The contemporary demand for reducing carbon emission is changing the way architects design buildings, thus influencing a wide range of new solutions. In this paper, the author presents a method that intends to contribute for the discussion of recent strategies that lower the buildings' consumption of energy. The study establishes three priority parameters to analyze the faqades based on the materials, the practices and the thermal behavior. Each parameter is measured separately scaled from artificial to natural building materials, local to distant practices and insulation to inertia. The design of facades has been evolving to follow complex regulations that aim to increase the required sustainable performance of buildings. Scientific data is measurable individually by each parameter, though the cross influence between parameters raise the level of complexity. Shading systems, solar passive energy influence the measurement but the growing use of renewable energies affects the measurements of energy consumption. Each design responds differently to climatic conditions, and requires complex analyses considering the specificity of the natural environment and cultural context. The discussion makes use of scientific data that influences architectural design, the research requires a broader perception thus including cultural aspects. Recent high tech insulating systems have an effect on design solutions that characterize biophilia (human love of nature). The wisdom of traditional local solutions tested over generations holds cultural aspects of biomimicry (nature as model). The aim is to discuss whether the framework based on biophilia and biomimicry is useful for the research. 展开更多
关键词 ARCHITECTURE biophilia and biomimicry low-tech and high-tech solutions.
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The Development of Green Design and Research on Product Design for Recycling
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作者 Zefeng Zheng Ke Su 《International Journal of Technology Management》 2014年第8期33-35,共3页
The paper analyze and comprehensive evaluate on the characteristics of the product life cycle in each link of the green product design and the life cycle, has obtained a series of design green design optimization meth... The paper analyze and comprehensive evaluate on the characteristics of the product life cycle in each link of the green product design and the life cycle, has obtained a series of design green design optimization method. In the choice of materials, this paper presented a method for the re-combination of recycled materials. In the recovery of the product it proposes the establishment of recycling system, and expounds the concept upgrade recovery. Design and manufacturing of green products and green recycling industry is the two most important link in green circular economic system, whether or not the coordinated development of the two sectors, is the key to the success or failure of the strategy of sustainable development. 展开更多
关键词 The green circular economy green products green design Green Remanufacturing
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最初的生命
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《Newton-科学世界》 2007年第4期26-37,共12页
有了丰富的DNA和蛋白质,是否就自然诞生出生命来呢? 小林教授说:“生命现象需要有非常活跃的化学反应。但是.不论有多少可以构成生命材料的分子,它们若散布在大量的水中,密度十分稀薄,分子之间相遇的概率极低.也不可能出现活... 有了丰富的DNA和蛋白质,是否就自然诞生出生命来呢? 小林教授说:“生命现象需要有非常活跃的化学反应。但是.不论有多少可以构成生命材料的分子,它们若散布在大量的水中,密度十分稀薄,分子之间相遇的概率极低.也不可能出现活跃的化学反应。这就意味着,构成生命材料的分了只有被浓缩到具有比较高的浓度,才可能涎生出生命。” 展开更多
关键词 生命现象 化学反应 生命材料 蛋白质 DNA 分子
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Life cycle assessment of alkali-activated materials:a systematic literature review
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作者 Morteza Nikravan Rafia Firdous Dietmar Stephan 《Low-carbon Materials and Green Construction》 2023年第1期157-180,共24页
The physical-mechanical,chemical,and durability characteristics of alkali-activated materials(AAMs)have been widely investigated.However,a critical gap in the literature is the lack of a comprehensive overview of rece... The physical-mechanical,chemical,and durability characteristics of alkali-activated materials(AAMs)have been widely investigated.However,a critical gap in the literature is the lack of a comprehensive overview of recently published literature regarding the life cycle assessment(LCA)of these binders.This study aims to fill that gap by conducting a systematic literature review of globally published literature on the topic.This paper consolidates knowledge by searching different databases,focusing on LCA studies that used AAMs as pastes,mortars,concretes,bricks,and rammed earth/soil blocks.The selected articles were reviewed and categorized based on precursors,alkaline activators,functional units,system boundaries,life cycle inventory databases,allocation,impact methodologies,and software used.Additionally,this paper also critically analyzes the key challenges of LCA for AAMs.The major challenges were identified as selecting a functional unit,subjectivity in boundary systems,and data interpretation.This work concludes that AAMs show substantial advantages in global warming potential compared to ordinary Portland cement-based materials;however,the average of other categories such as marine ecotoxicity and ozone layer depletion has been reported to be higher than for the reference samples. 展开更多
关键词 Alkali-activated material GEOPOLYMER Life cycle assessment(LCA) Functional unit Life cycle inventory(LCI)
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Nanomodification of living organisms by biomimetic mineralization 被引量:6
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作者 Wei Chen Guangchuan Wang Ruikang Tang 《Nano Research》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2014年第10期1404-1428,共25页
In nature, a few living organisms such as diatoms, magnetotactic bacteria, and eggs have developed specific mineral structures, which can provide extensive protection or unique functions. However, most organisms do no... In nature, a few living organisms such as diatoms, magnetotactic bacteria, and eggs have developed specific mineral structures, which can provide extensive protection or unique functions. However, most organisms do not have such structured materials due to their lack of biomineralization ability. The artificial introduction of biomimetic-constructed nanominerals is challenging but holds great promise. In this overview, we highlight two typical types of mineral- living complex systems. One involves biological surface-induced nanomaterials, which produces artificial living-mineral core-shell structures such as the mineral- encapsulated yeast, cyanobacteria, bacteria and viruses. The other involves internal nanominerals that could endow organisms with unique structures and properties. The applications of these biomimetic generated nanominerals are further discussed, mainly in four potential areas: storage, protection, "stealth" and delivery. Since biomineralization combines chemical, nano and biological technologies, we suggest that nanobiomimetic mineralization may open up another window for interdisciplinary research. Specifically, this is a novel material-based biological regulation strategy and the integration of living organisms with functional nanomaterials can create "super" or intelligent nanoscale living complexes for biotechnological practices. 展开更多
关键词 BIOMINERALIZATION living organism bioinspiration NANOMATERIAL material-basedbio-modification
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Environmental analysis of innovative sustainable composites with potential use in aviation sector -A life cycle assessment review 被引量:6
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作者 BACHMANN Jens HIDALGO Carme RICOUT Stephanie 《Science China(Technological Sciences)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2017年第9期1301-1317,共17页
The forecast of growing air transport in the upcoming decades faces the challenge of an increasing environmental impact.Aviation industry is working on promising technologies to mitigate this environmental impact.Ligh... The forecast of growing air transport in the upcoming decades faces the challenge of an increasing environmental impact.Aviation industry is working on promising technologies to mitigate this environmental impact.Lightweight design is a strong lever to lower the fuel consumption and,consequently,with it the emissions of aviation.High performance composites are a key technology to help achieve these aims thanks to their favourable combination of mechanical properties and low weight in primary structures.However,mainly synthetic materials such as petrol based carbon fibres and epoxy resins are used nowadays to produce composite in aviation.Renewable materials like bio-based fibres and resin systems offer potential environmental advantages.However,they have not found their way into aviation,yet.The reasons are reduced mechanical properties and,especially for the use of natural fibres,their flammability.Improvements of these shortcomings are under investigation.Therefore the application of bio-based and recycled materials in certain areas of the aircraft could be possible in the future.Good examples for applications are furnishings and secondary structures.The motivation for this paper is to give an overview of potential environmental properties by using such eco-materials in aviation.Life cycle assessment(LCA) is a tool to calculate environmental impacts during all life stages of a product.The main focus is laid on the bio-fibres flax and ramie,recycled carbon fibres and bio-based thermoset resin systems.Furthermore an overview of environmental aspects of existing composite materials used in aviation is given.Generally,a lack of LCA results for the substitution of synthetic materials by bio-based/recycled composite materials in aviation applications has been identified.Therefore,available information from other transport areas,such as automotive,has been summarized.More detailed LCA data for eco-composite materials and technologies to improve their properties is important to understand potential environmental effects in aviation. 展开更多
关键词 AVIATION composite natural fibre recycled carbon fibre bio-resin cabin interior secondary structure fife cycle assessment (LCA)
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Perspectives on water science: transport and application of confined water
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作者 ZENG XiPing WU JinBo +4 位作者 LI ShunBo CHAU YeungYeung HE GuangHong WEN WeiJia YANG GuoZhen 《Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)》 SCIE EI CAS 2014年第5期829-835,共7页
The confinements of water can be divided into two main categories,namely,the confinements on surface or interface and the confinements in bulk water.By adding ions or applying electric field,the intensity and distribu... The confinements of water can be divided into two main categories,namely,the confinements on surface or interface and the confinements in bulk water.By adding ions or applying electric field,the intensity and distribution of the hydrogen bonds can be greatly affected.These are collectively known as confinement on water surface or interface,which has potential applications in life science and industries involving evaporation control.Confined bulk water could be found everywhere in nature,such as in granular and porous materials,macromolecules and gels,etc.The investigation of the physical properties and the transports of the confined bulk water will contribute to understanding certain types of life activities such as the water transport in plant and in new application of extracting the shale oil and water. 展开更多
关键词 water science confined water surface confined water bulk TRANSPORT
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